Maglev train

MAGLEV TRAINS

MAGLEV TRAINS

Under the guidance of  Under the guidance of  Dr. U.K.Singh Dr. U.K.Singh Submittted by Submittted by Saurabh Singhal Saurabh Singhal 0610440027 0610440027

Maglev Train

Maglev Train

•• _{Operating PrincipleOperating Principle}

•• _{Principle of LevitationPrinciple of Levitation} •• _{Principle of PropulsionPrinciple of Propulsion}

•• Principle of Lateral GuidancePrinciple of Lateral Guidance

•• Advantages of MaglevAdvantages of Maglev

•• Disadvantages of MaglevDisadvantages of Maglev

Introduction to MagLev Train

Introduction to MagLev Train

•

• MagLev Train – Magnetically LevitatedMagLev Train – Magnetically Levitated TrainTrain

(Train that floats on air) (Train that floats on air)

•• Floats on opposing or attracting magneticFloats on opposing or attracting magnetic

fields above its guideway on a cushion of air. fields above its guideway on a cushion of air.

•• _{Idea was first introduced by Idea was first introduced by American RocketAmerican Rocket}

Scientist, Sir Robert Goddart, in 1904. Scientist, Sir Robert Goddart, in 1904.

•• _{First train was developed in 1960 by Sir EricFirst train was developed in 1960 by Sir Eric}

Laithewaite, Professor in Imperial College, Great Laithewaite, Professor in Imperial College, Great Britain. Britain. Weight – 1 tonne Weight – 1 tonne Capacity – 4 passengers Capacity – 4 passengers

Track Length – 1 mile (1.6 km Track Length – 1 mile (1.6 km))

•• First commercial train developed in 1984 inFirst commercial train developed in 1984 in England

England which which ran ran from from Birmingham Birmingham Airport Airport toto Birmingham Railway Station.

Birmingham Railway Station.

Track Length – 6 km Track Length – 6 km Speed – 42 km/hr  Speed – 42 km/hr 

Operating Principle

Operating Principle

1.

_{Principle of Magnetic Levitation}

_{Principle of Magnetic Levitation}

 –

 – Electromagnetic suspensionElectromagnetic suspension  –

 – Electrodynamic suspensionElectrodynamic suspension  –

 – InductrackInductrack

2.

2.

_{Principle of Propulsion}

_{Principle of Propulsion}

3.

Principle

Electromagnetic Suspension

Electromagnetic Suspension

•• Developed by Germans, works on Attraction.Developed by Germans, works on Attraction.

•• Also known as Transrapid.Also known as Transrapid.

•• Electromagnets used create a magnetic attractionElectromagnets used create a magnetic attraction between

between the the train train and and the the guide guide way.way.

•• _{Electromagnets are located on underside of trainElectromagnets are located on underside of train}

and wrapped around T– shaped guide rail. and wrapped around T– shaped guide rail.

•

•• Levitation monitored by computers andLevitation monitored by computers and maintained about 10mm.

maintained about 10mm.

•• Guidance coils and sensors keep trainGuidance coils and sensors keep train centered.

Electrodynamic Suspension

Electrodynamic Suspension

•• Developed by Japanese, works on Repulsion.Developed by Japanese, works on Repulsion.

•• SCMs are used to create a magnetic repulsionSCMs are used to create a magnetic repulsion between the train and the guide way.

between the train and the guide way.

•• Creates greater magnetic field.Creates greater magnetic field.

•• Can carry much heavier load without affectingCan carry much heavier load without affecting levitation.

•• Train floats on air Train floats on air as as it it is not is not hooked around hooked around track.track. •• SCMs are cooled by Nitrogen and Helium.SCMs are cooled by Nitrogen and Helium.

Inductrack

Inductrack

•• Permanent magnets are used to create a magneticPermanent magnets are used to create a magnetic repulsion between the train and the guide way.

repulsion between the train and the guide way.

•• Magnetic bars are arranged in Halbach Array suchMagnetic bars are arranged in Halbach Array such that magnetic fields of bar are at 90

that magnetic fields of bar are at 9000 _{to bars on either to bars on either} 

side, causing high field below track. side, causing high field below track.

•• Guide way has two rows of tightly packed levitationGuide way has two rows of tightly packed levitation coils.

coils.

•• _{Operates during power failure due to use of Operates during power failure due to use of} 

permanent magnets. permanent magnets.

Magnetic Field Distribution

Magnetic Magnetic Repulsion Using Repulsion Using Electromagnets Electromagnets Magnetic Repulsion Magnetic Repulsion Using Permanent Using Permanent Magnets Magnets Magnetic Magnetic Attraction Using Attraction Using Electromagnets Electromagnets

Principle of Propulsion

Principle of Propulsion

••

_{A repulsive force and an attractive force}

_{A repulsive force and an attractive force}

induced between the magnets are used to

induced between the magnets are used to

propel the vehicle.

propel the vehicle.

••

Components used for Propulsion are -

Components used for Propulsion are

1. PropuPropulsion lsion coils ocoils on siden sides of gus of guide waide ways.ys. 2.

2. GuidGuidance ance magnmagnets foets for aligr alignmennment.t. 3.

•• _{The on-board superconducting magnets areThe on-board superconducting magnets are}

attracted and pushed by the shifting field, attracted and pushed by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.

Principle of Lateral Guidance

Principle of Lateral Guidance

•• _{Controls train’s ability to stay on track.Controls train’s ability to stay on track.}

•• Consist of electromagnets situated under Consist of electromagnets situated under  carriage of train

carriage of train ( in form of loop)( in form of loop) in conjunctionin conjunction with computer contol system, sensors and

with computer contol system, sensors and control devices to monitor levitation.

•• When a running Maglev vehicle displaces laterally,When a running Maglev vehicle displaces laterally, an electric current is induced in the loop, resulting an electric current is induced in the loop, resulting in a repulsive force on the levitation coils of the

in a repulsive force on the levitation coils of the side near the car and an attractive force acting on side near the car and an attractive force acting on the levitation coils of the side farther apart from the levitation coils of the side farther apart from the car. Thus, a running car is always located at the car. Thus, a running car is always located at the center of the guide way.

Advantages of Maglev

Advantages of Maglev

Advantages of Maglev

Advantages of Maglev

•• Collision Collision between between vehicles vehicles is is impossible impossible sincesince derailment cannot be done.

derailment cannot be done.

•• Vibrations produced are just below HumanVibrations produced are just below Human threshold. threshold. PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE •

• Has high speed i.e about 300 – 500 km/hr.Has high speed i.e about 300 – 500 km/hr.

•• Has controlled movements with use of computer.Has controlled movements with use of computer.

COST and ECONOMY COST and ECONOMY COST and ECONOMY

COST and ECONOMY

•

• Has very low specific energy consumption.Has very low specific energy consumption.

•• Operating and maintenance cost are less.Operating and maintenance cost are less.

MAGNETIC FIELD MAGNETIC FIELD MAGNETIC FIELD

MAGNETIC FIELD

•• The magnetic field created is The magnetic field created is low, therefore therelow, therefore there are

ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

•

• Minimum amount of land is needed for tracks.Minimum amount of land is needed for tracks.

•• Creates no Air Pollution.Creates no Air Pollution.

Advantages of Maglev Trains Over 

Advantages of Maglev Trains Over 

Advantages of Maglev Trains Over 

Advantages of Maglev Trains Over 

Conventional Trains

Conventional Trains

Conventional Trains

Conventional Trains

•

• _{Inter-city transportationInter-city transportation: : Much higher Much higher speeds thspeeds than are an are possiblepossible}

with steel-wheeled trains, lower noise, greater passenger with steel-wheeled trains, lower noise, greater passenger

comfort, increased safety against mechanical failures, reduced comfort, increased safety against mechanical failures, reduced maintenance.

maintenance. •

• _{Relative to aircraftRelative to aircraft: Higher energy efficiency, safer, less: Higher energy efficiency, safer, less}

weather-dependent, and would permit in-city departure and weather-dependent, and would permit in-city departure and arrival.

arrival. •

• Urban transit systemsUrban transit systems: Lower : Lower noise, noise, much much lower malower maintenance,intenance, greater rider comfort, can climb steeper

greater rider comfort, can climb steeper grades, potentiallygrades, potentially

higher energy efficiency than buses or rubber-tired urban trains. higher energy efficiency than buses or rubber-tired urban trains.

Disadvantages of Maglev

Disadvantages of Maglev

•• Costly to build.Costly to build.

•• Costly to run substations for production of Costly to run substations for production of electricity.electricity.

Other MagLev Applications

Other MagLev Applications

•• U.S. military is looking into using MagLevU.S. military is looking into using MagLev •• Possible uses could include:Possible uses could include:

•• Rocket launchingRocket launching

•• Aircraft carrier launching padAircraft carrier launching pad

The Future of Maglev Technology

The Future of Maglev Technology

construction of a $6 billion Maglev project since construction of a $6 billion Maglev project since 2003. The track shall be 92 miles long and

2003. The track shall be 92 miles long and operate in the Los Angeles area. Op

operate in the Los Angeles area. Operation iseration is projected to begin in 2010. The train will carry projected to begin in 2010. The train will carry 118,000 riders per day.

118,000 riders per day.

•• _{Maglev Rockets -Maglev Rockets -Maglev Rockets -Maglev Rockets - NASA is looking into maglevNASA is looking into maglev}

technology for rockets. A reusable launcher on a technology for rockets. A reusable launcher on a maglev ramp will give the rockets a head start

maglev ramp will give the rockets a head start before taking off. This type of launch will reduce before taking off. This type of launch will reduce launching costs considerably.

References

References

•• _{Bonsor, Kevin. “How Maglev Trains Work”. <Bonsor, Kevin. “How Maglev Trains Work”. <}

http://travel.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm

http://travel.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm>>

•• www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acela_Express.www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acela_Express.

•• _{. "TGV Basics." TGV Web.. "TGV Basics." TGV Web.}

<http://www.trainweb.org/tgvpages/background.html>. <http://www.trainweb.org/tgvpages/background.html>.

•• _{www.getransportation.comwww.getransportation.com} •• www.wired.com/newswww.wired.com/news

•• _{www.bwmaglev.comwww.bwmaglev.com} •• www.magwww.maglevpa.com_{www.maglevpa.comwww.maglevpa.com}levpa.com

THANK YOU!!

THANK YOU!!

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