Carbon Compounds MCQ

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Multiple Choice Questions

Chemistry: Chapter 44 Introduction to selected homologous series Sections 44.144.2

1

Which of the following are characteristics of compounds in the same homologous series?

(1) They have the same physical properties. (2) They have similar chemical properties. (3) They have the same general formula.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 2

Which of the following statements concerning organic compounds are correct? (1) Organic compounds are compounds of carbon.

(2) Organic compounds can be represented by condensed formulae. (3) Each organic compound has its own unique IUPAC name.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 3

Which of the following statements concerning the members of a homologous series are correct?

(1) Each of them differs from the next one by a CH2 group.

(2) They have the same functional group. (3) They have the same chemical properties.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 44.3

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4

Which of the following are common properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids? (1) Both of them have relatively higher boiling points than alkanes with a similar

relative molecular mass.

(2) Both of them can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. (3) Lower members of both series are miscible with water.

Which of the following statements concerning pent-1-ene and hex-2-ene are correct? (1) They can decolorize bromine water in the dark.

(2) They are insoluble in water.

(3) They belong to the same homologous series because they have the same empirical formula. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 6

Which of the following compounds belong to the same homologous series? (1) 1-chloropropene (2) 1-chloropropane (3) 2-chlorobutane A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 7

The strength of intermolecular forces of alkanes depends on (1) the molecular mass.

(2) the molecular size.

(3) the presence of multiple bonds. A. (1) and (2) only

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B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 8

Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH3CH(CH3)CH3?

A. Butane

B. 2-methylbutane

C. 1-methylpropane

D. 2-methylpropane

9

Which of the following statements concerning pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane are correct?

(1) They have the same molecular formula.

(2) Pentane is a straight-chain alkane while 2,2-dimethylpropane is a branched-chain alkane.

(3) The dispersion forces among pentane molecules are weaker than those among 2,2-dimethylpropane molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 44.4 10

Which of the following organic compounds does NOT have the molecular formula of C3H6O2? A. Propanoic acid B. Methyl ethanoate C. Ethyl ethanoate D. Ethyl methanoate 11

Which of the following organic molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces?

(1) Butan-2-ol (2) Propanamide

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(3) Pentanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 12

Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing boiling points of the organic compounds?

A. Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate > Propan-1-ol B. Propan-1-ol > Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid C. Propanoic acid > Propan-1-ol > Methyl ethanoate D. Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid > Propan-1-ol 13

What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound with the condensed formula of CHBr2CHFCHClCH3? A. 4,4-dibromo-2-chloro-3-fluorobutane B. 1,1-dibromo-2-fluoro-3-chlorobutane C. 1,1-dibromo-2-fluoro-3-chloro-3-methylpropane D. 1,1-dibromo-3-chloro-2-fluorobutane 14

A. Ethanamide > Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate B. Propanoic acid > Ethanamide > Methyl ethanoate C. Propanoic acid > Methyl ethanoate > Ethanamide D. Methyl ethanoate > Propanoic acid > Ethanamide 15

Pyrethrum flowers contain a natural insecticide called pyrethrin. Pyrethrin has the following structure:

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Which of the following functional groups are present in pyrethrin? (1) Carbon-carbon double bond

(2) Ester group (3) Ketone group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 16

A. Ethanoic acid > ethanol > ethanamide > chloroethane B. Chloroethane > ethanoic acid > ethanamide >ethanol C. Ethanol > chloroethane > ethanoic acid > ethanamide D. Ethanamide > ethanoic acid > ethanol > chloroethane 17

Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides and primary amines are INCORRECT?

(1) Both of them are acid derivatives.

(2) Both of them have higher boiling points than carboxylic acids with a similar relative molecular mass.

(3) Each ethanamide molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with water molecules while each ethanamine molecule can form a maximum of three hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only

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C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 18

Which of the following sets of compounds is in the same homologous series? A. C2H4, C3H6, C4H10

B. CH3OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH

C. CH3Cl, C3H7Cl, C5H11Cl

D. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2COCH2OH

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Which of the following compounds are miscible with water? (1) Propan-1-ol (2) Chloromethane (3) Propanoic acid A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 20

Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water? A. CH3CH2CH2OH

B. CH3CCl3

C. CH3COCH3

D. CH3CH2CHO

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Which of the following statements concerning the compounds in the same homologous series are correct?

(1) Their boiling points increase with the length of hydrocarbon chains. (2) Their solubilities in water decrease with the length of hydrocarbon chains. (3) They have similar chemical properties.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

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22

Which of the following homologous series does NOT have hydrogen bonds between their molecules? A. Ketones B. Alcohols C. Primary amines D. Carboxylic acids 23

Which of the following homologous series does NOT form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? A. Aldehydes B. Ketones C. Esters D. Alkanes 24

Which of the following compounds has the highest boiling point?

A. Propene

B. Propanone

C. Propan-1-ol

D. Propanoic acid 25

Which of the following compounds are soluble in water? (1) Propan-2-ol (2) Butanoic acid (3) 2-fluoropropane A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 26

Which of the following statements concerning esters are correct? (1) The general formula of esters is RCOOR’.

(2) There are hydrogen bonds among the ester molecules. (3) Lower members of esters are soluble in water.

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Which of the following statements concerning 2-methylpropanamide are correct? (1) It is a substituted amide.

(2) It is slightly denser than water.

(3) It is soluble in water because its molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 28

Which of the following are the common properties of alkanes and alkenes? (1) Both are insoluble in water.

(2) Both are less dense than water.

(3) Both have higher boiling points but lower melting points than other organic compounds with similar relative molecular masses.

What is the condensed formula of the following compound?

A. CHBrCHC≡CCOOH

B. CHBr=CHC≡CCOOH

C. CHBrCHCCCOOH

D. CHBr=CHC≡CC=OOH

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Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point. Butanol, Butanone, Butanoic acid

A. Butanol  Butanone  Butanoic acid B. Butanone  Butanol  Butanoic acid C. Butanoic acid  Butanone  Butanol D. Butanoic acid  Butanol  Butanone 31

Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides are correct? (1) The general formula of amides is RCONH2, where R is a hydrogen atom or an

alkyl group.

(2) The boiling points of amides are higher than that of carboxylic acids because amides have more extensive hydrogen bonds than carboxylic acids.

(3) Each amide molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds with the other amide molecules.

Which of the following combinations is correct? Homologous series General formula

A. Aldehydes RCOR’

B. Primary amines RNH2

C. Ketones RCHO

D. Substituted amides RCONH2

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Which of the following compounds are soluble in water? (1) Propyl methanoate (2) Butan-1-amine (3) Butanone A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

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34

Which of the following is the condensed formula for 4-bromopent-2-ene?

A. CH3CH=CHCHBrCH3

B. CH3CHCHCHBrCH3

C. CH3CBrCHCH2CH3

D. CH3CBr=CHCH2CH3

35

What is the IUPAC name for CH3(CH2)2CHO?

A. Butan-1-ol

B. Butanal

C. 3-methylpropan-1-ol

D. 3-methylpropanal 36

What is the IUPAC name for CH2ClCH2Br?

A. 1-chloro-2-bromoethane

B. 2-chloro-1-bromoethane

C. 1-bromo-2-chloroethane

D. 2-bromo-1-chloroethane 37

Which of the following compounds have hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces among their molecules?

(1) Methyl propanoate (2) 2-methylpropanamide (3) 2,3-dichloropropan-1-ol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 38

Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH3C(OH)2CH3?

A. 2,2-hydroxypropane

B. 2,2-dihydroxypropane

C. Propan-2,2-ol

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39

Which of the following is the condensed formula for propan-2-ol?

A. CH3CHOHCH3

B. CH3CH2OHCH3

C. CH2OHCH2CH3

D. CH3OHCH2CH3

40

Which of the following statements concerning unsubstituted amides are correct? (1) 2-methylpropanamide is an unsubstituted amide.

(2) The general formula for unsubstituted amides is RNH2, where R is an alkyl

group.

(3) There are hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces among the unsubstituted amides molecules.

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A. 2-methylbutanone

B. 3-methylbutanone

C. 3-methyl-2-oxobutane

D. 2-methyl-3-oxobutane 42

Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH3CH(CH3)COOH?

A. Butanoic acid

B. Propanoic acid

C. 2-methylbutanoic acid

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43

Which of the following is the condensed formula for ethyl ethanoate? A. CH3COOC2H5

B. CH3CH2COOC2H5

C. CH3COOCH3

D. CH3CH2COOCH3

44

Which of the following is the structural formula for methyl methanoate?

A. B.

C. D.

45

Which of the following is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CONH2?

A. 1-aminopropanone

B. 1-amino-1-oxopropane

C. 1-oxo-1-aminopropane

D. Propanamide

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Which of the following statements concerning primary amines are correct?

(1) Primary amines are those with only one hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom replaced by an alkyl group.

(2) Pentan-3-amine is a primary amine.

(3) Each amine group can form a maximum of three hydrogen bonds with water molecules. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 47

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Which of the following statements concerning methanoic acid and propane are correct?

(1) They have similar relative molecular masses.

(2) Methanoic acid has a higher boiling point than propane.

(3) The molecules of methanoic acid are held together by hydrogen bonds as well as van der Waals’ forces while the molecules of propane are held together by dispersion forces only.

Which of the following compounds can form more than one hydrogen bond with water molecules? (1) Propanone (2) Propanamide (3) Propan-1-amine A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 44.5 49

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid B. 2-methyl-2-hydroxyethanoic acid C. Propanoic acid

D. 2-carboxyethanol 50

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A. 6-methylhept-5-ene-4-one B. 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxohex-1-ene C. 2-methyl-4-oxohept-2-ene D. 2-methylhept-2-ene-4-one 51

Consider the following compound:

Which of the following functional groups does it contain? (1) Carboxyl group (2) Carbonyl group (3) Amide group A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 52

What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound with the condensed formula of

HCOCHBrCOCH3? A. 3-bromo-4-formylbutan-2-one B. 4-formyl-3-bromobutan-2-one C. 2-bromo-3-oxobutanal D. 3-oxo-2-bromobutanal 53

A. 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-oxohepta-2,5-dienoic acid B. 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-chlorohepta-2,5-dienoic acid C. 3-chloro-6-hydroxy-4-oxohepta-2,5-dienoic acid

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D. 3-chloro-4-oxo-6-hydroxyhepta-2,5-dienoic acid 54

A. 1,1,1-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentanal B. 1,1,1-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentan-5-al C. 5,5,5-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentanal D. 5,5,5-triiodo-3,3-dimethylpentan-1-al 55

A. 2-chloro-1-hydroxybut-2-ene

B. 3-chloro-4-hydroxybut-2-ene

C. 2-chlorobut-2-en-1-ol

D. 3-chlorobut-2-en-4-ol 56

Consider the following organic compound:

Which of the following statements concerning the compound above are correct? (1) It has two functional groups namely amide group and carboxyl group. (2) It is soluble in water.

(3) Its IUPAC name is aminoethanoic acid. A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

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57

A. 2-chloro-3-amino-4-formylbutanoic acid B. 3-amino-2-chloro-4-formylbutanoic acid

C. 2-amino-3-carboxy-3-chloropropanal

D. 2-amino-3-chloro-3-carboxypropanal 58

A. 1-chloropropan-3-al

B. Chloropropanal

C. 3-chloropropan-1-al

D. 3-chloropropanal 59

A. 3-hydroxy-4-aminopentanamide

B. 4-amino-3-hydroxypentanamide

C. 4-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanamide

D. 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4-methylbutanamide 60

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A. 3-chlorobutyl butanoate B. 2-chlorobutyl butanoate

C. Butyl 2-chlorobutanoate

D. Propyl 4-chloropentanoate 61

A. 2,3-diamino-3-bromo-3-hydroxypentanoic acid B. 3,4-diamino-2-bromo-2-hydroxypentanoic acid C. 2-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-diaminopentanoic acid D. 2-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-diamino-4-methylbutanoic acid 62

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(1) Two organic compounds with the same general formula must belong to the same homologous series.

(2) Two organic compounds with one of the functional groups the same must belong to the same homologous series.

(3) Two organic compounds with the molecular mass differing by 14 must belong to the same homologous series.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 63

Which of the following combinations about the structural formula for a compound is correct?

Compound Structural formula

A. Diol

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C. 5-formylpent-2-ol

D. 3-carboxy-3-chlorobutan-2-ol

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A. 3-amino-4-carboxybutan-2-one B. 3-amino-4-carboxybutan-2-al C. 2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid

D. 2-amino-3-methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid 65

Which of the following is the structural formula of 4,5-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-oxopentanoic acid?

Structural formula A.

B.

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D.

66

Which of the following is the condensed formula for 3-oxopentanal? A. CH3CH2COCH2COH

B. CH3CH2COCH2CHO

C. CH3CH2CH2COCHO

D. CH3CH2CH2COCOH

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A. 3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4,4-diaminopentanoic acid B. 4,4-diamino-3-fluoro-3-hydroxypentanoic acid C. 3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-4-methylbutanoic acid C. 4,4-diamino-3-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methylbutanoic acid 68

Consider the following compound:

Which of the following homologous series does the above compound belong to?

A. Amines

B. Alcohols

C. Ketones

D. Carboxylic acids 69

Which of the following is the condensed formula for 4-aminobutanamide? A. NH2CH2(CH2)2CONH2

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B. NO2CH2(CH2)2CONH2

C. NH2CO(CH2)2CONH2

D. CH3(CH2)2CH(NH2)2

Section 44.6 70

What is the condensed formula of chloroform?

A. CCl4

B. CH2Cl2

C. CH3CH2Cl

D. CHCl3

71

Which of the following combinations is correct?

IUPAC name Trivial name Common use

A. Propan-1-ol Isopropyl alcohol Solvent

B. Ethanoic acid Acetic acid Solvent

C. Methanal Formaldehyde Production of polymers

D. Trichloromethane Chloroform Fuel additive

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What is the trivial name for CHCl3?

A. Acetic acid

B. Acetone

C. Chloroform

D. Formaldehyde

Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.

B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1st statement.

C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

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Sections 44.144.3 73

Alcohols have higher boiling points and melting points than alkanes with a similar relative molecular mass.

Hydrogen bonds give a stronger intermolecular attraction than van der Waals’ forces.

Section 44.4 74

Most haloalkane molecules are soluble in water.

Haloalkane molecules are polar.

75

The boiling points of carboxylic acids are lower than those of alcohols with a similar relative molecular mass.

Alcohols have more extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds than carboxylic acids.

76

Most haloalkanes have higher melting points and boiling points than alkanes with a similar relative molecular mass.

Most haloalkanes have permanent dipoles.

Sections 44.544.6 77

Formaldehyde can dissolve in water to form a solution called formalin.

The formaldehyde molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. 78

Isopropyl alcohol is the key component in many non-water-based hand

sanitizers.

Isopropyl alcohol can kill bacteria and other potentially harmful

micro-organisms. Chemistry: Chapter 45 Isomerism

Section 45.1 79

How many acyclic structural isomers does C5H10 have?

A. 2

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C. 4 D. 5 80

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) A pair of position isomers differs only in the position of the functional group(s). (2) A pair of structural isomers has the same relative molecular mass.

(3) A pair of functional group isomers belongs to different homologous series. A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 81

Which of the following statements about ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate are correct?

(1) They are functional group isomers with the molecular formula C2H4O2.

(2) They belong to different homologous series. (3) They have different chemical properties.

Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C4H8O?

(1) Butanal (2) 2-methylpropanal (3) Butanone A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 83

Which of the following statements concerning ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate are correct?

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(2) They have different chemical properties.

(3) They are functional group isomers with the molecular formula C2H4O2.

Which of the following compounds are functional group isomers of C4H8O2?

(1) Methyl propanoate (2) 4-hydroxybutanal (3) Butane-1,4-diol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 85

Butanoic acid can be reduced to a primary alcohol. Which of the following compounds is the position isomer of the primary alcohol?

A. CH3COCH2CH3

B. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

C. CH3CH2CH2CHO

D. CH3CH2C(OH)HCH3

86

Which of the following statements concerning isomers is/are correct? (1) They have the same empirical formula.

(2) They have the same general formula. (3) They have the same structural formula.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

Which of the following statements concerning 3,4-dibromopent-1-ene and 3,5-dibromopent-2-ene are correct?

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(1) They have the same molecular formula of C5H8Br2.

(2) They are position isomers.

(3) They have similar chemical properties. A. (1) and (2) only

Which of the following statements concerning the isomers of C6H12 are

INCORRECT?

(1) All isomers of C6H12 can decolorize bromine in 1,1,1-trichloromethane in the

dark.

(2) All isomers of C6H12 have the same melting point and boiling point.

(3) All isomers of C6H12 are optically inactive.

How many structural isomers does C4H8 have?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

90

Which of the following compounds are structural isomers of C5H10?

(1) 2-methylbut-2-ene (2) 3-methylbut-1-ene (3) Pent-1-ene A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 91

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How many structural isomers does C3H6Cl2 have? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 92

Which of the following compounds are the structural isomers of C5H10O?

(1) 2-methylbutanal (2) Propyl ethanoate (3) Pentanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 45.2 93

Which of the following statements about geometrical isomerism are correct? (1) A pair of geometrical isomers has different physical properties.

(2) Geometrical isomers occur due to the restricted rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond.

(3) A pair of geometrical isomers must be optically active. A. (1) and (2) only

Which of the following statements about cis-trans isomerism is/are correct? (1) All alkenes exhibit cis-trans isomerism.

(2) But-2-ene exhibits cis-trans isomerism.

(3) A pair of cis-trans isomers may be optically active. A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

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95

How many chiral carbon(s) does 3,6-dibromo-4-methylhept-4-en-2-ol have?

A. 1

B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 96

Which of the following compounds could exhibit geometrical isomerism? (1) 3,4-dimethylhex-3-ene (2) 2-methylpent-2-ene (3) 1,6-dichlorohex-3-ene A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 97

Which of the following compounds could exhibit optical isomerism? (1) 2-aminopropanal (2) 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (3) 4-hydroxybutanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 98

How many chiral carbon atom(s) does 3-amino-4-hydroxypentanoic acid have?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

99

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A.

B. CH3CH(OH)C2H5

C. CH2ClCH2CH2COOH

D.

100

Consider the following compound: CH3CH=CHCH2CHO

Which of the following statements about this compound are correct? (1) It is optically inactive.

(2) It contains a C=C double bond and a hydroxyl group. (3) The cis isomer of this compound is

. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 101

Which of the following compounds has/have a pair of geometrical isomers? (1) CH3CH=CH2 (2) CH3OCCH=CHCOCH3 (3) CH2BrCH=CHCH2Cl A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 102

Vitamin E, a naturally occurring compound, can act as an antioxidant. Its structure is shown below:

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Which of the following statements about vitamin E is/are correct? (1) It has three chiral carbon atoms.

(2) It is soluble in water. (3) It is optically active. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 103

Which of the following pairs of compounds is/are NOT a pair of stereoisomers? (1) and (2) and (3) and A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 104

Which of the following statements concerning isomers is correct? A. A pair of isomers must have the same relative molecular mass.

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geometrical isomers.

C. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers does not rotate the plane of polarized light.

D. Compounds with the same functional group at different positions are called functional group isomers.

105

Which of the following statements concerning enantiomers is INCORRECT? A. If a pair of enantiomers is present in the same amount, the mixture is

optically inactive.

B. A pair of enantiomers has the same melting point.

C. There is at least one plane of symmetry in the molecules of enantiomers. D. A pair of enantiomers has the same molecular formula.

106

Which of the following compounds could exhibit geometrical isomerism? (1) CHCl=CHBr (2) (CH3)2C=CH2 (3) CH3CH=CHCH3 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 107

Which of the following compounds is optically active?

A. CH3CH=CHCH3

B. CH2=CHCHBrCH3

C. CH3CH2COCH3

D. CH3CH2CHClCH2CH3

108

Which of the following compounds is NOT a chiral molecule?

A. 3-methylpent-1-ene

B. 2-chlorobutane

C. 2-methylpropanal

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109

Compound X is an organic compound with a molecular formula C4H8O. Which of the

following isomerism could compound X exhibit? (1) Functional group isomerism

(2) Geometrical isomerism (3) Enantiomerism A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 110

Which of the following compounds is optically active? A. CH3CH2COCH3

B. CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)COCH3

C. CH3CH(CH3)COCH3

D. CH3CH2CHO

111

Which of the following statements concerning geometrical isomers is/are correct? (1) The cis isomer has a higher melting point than the trans isomer.

(2) A pair of geometrical isomers has the same functional group.

(3) Any organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond have geometrical isomers. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 112

Compound X is an organic compound with the condensed formula HOOCCH(NH2)CH2COOH.

Which of the following statements concerning compound X are correct? (1) The IUPAC name of compound X is 2-aminobutanedioic acid. (2) There is a chiral carbon atom in the molecule of compound X. (3) Compound X is soluble in water.

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C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 113

Which of the following types of isomerism does 2-bromobut-2-ene exhibit?

A. Enantiomerism

B. Functional group isomerism

C. Geometrical isomerism

D. Position isomerism

114

Which of the following statements concerning geometrical isomers of 2,3-dibromobut-2-ene is/are correct?

(1) They have similar boiling points. (2) They have the same functional group. (3) They have identical intermolecular forces.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

How many planes of symmetry are there in a dichloromethane molecule?

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

116

Which of the following compounds could exhibit enantiomerism? (1) 2-chlorobutane (2) 3-chlorobut-1-ene (3) 2-methylbutanal A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

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117

Which of the following methods can be used to distinguish a pair of enantiomers? (1) Measuring their optical activities by using a polarimeter.

(2) Comparing the boiling points of enantiomers. (3) Comparing the densities of enantiomers.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

Which of the following statements concerning structural isomerism is/are correct? (1) Structural isomers are mirror images of one another.

(2) Structural isomers containing the same functional group have similar chemical properties.

(3) A pair of structural isomers which are present in different amounts can rotate the plane of polarized light.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

A. Cis-1-chlorohex-1-en-4-yne

B. Cis-6-chlorohex-5-en-2-yne

C. Trans-1-chlorohex-1-en-4-yne

D. Trans-6-chlorohex-5-en-2-yne

120

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. An achiral molecule has a chiral carbon atom.

B. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers present in the same amount does not rotate the plane of polarized light.

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D. A chiral molecule can be superimposed on its own mirror image. 121

Which of the following compounds have chiral carbon atom(s)? (1) 3-bromopent-1-ene (2) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane (3) Butan-2-ol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 122

Which of the following compounds can exhibit enantiomerism? (1) 2-chloro-2-methylbutane (2) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane (3) 1-chloro-3-methylbut-1-ene A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 123

Which of the following compounds exhibit(s) enantiomerism? (1) 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (2) 2-chloro-2-fluorobutane (3) 5-chloro-3,4-dimethylpentanoic acid A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) D. (2) and (3) 124

Consider the following compounds:

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A. Position isomers

B. Functional group isomers C. Chain isomers

D. Geometrical isomers 125

Which of the following compounds exhibit(s) optical isomersim? (1) Trans-5-chloro-5-fluoropent-2-ene (2) 1,1-dibromo-1,2-dichloroethane (3) 2-chloro-2-fluorobutane A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 126

Which of the following are the types of structural isomerism? (1) Geometrical isomerism

(2) Functional group isomerism (3) Chain isomerism A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 127

Which of the following statements concerning a pair of geometrical isomers are correct?

(1) They have different boiling points and melting points. (2) They have the same relative molecular mass.

(3) Their atoms are joined in the same order. A. (1) and (2) only

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(1) 3-bromobut-1-ene (2) 4-bromobut-1-ene (3) 2-bromobut-2-ene A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only

Section 45.1 129

Cis-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene has a higher boiling point than

trans-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene.

The molecules of

cis-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene are held together by dipole-dipole forces while the molecules of

trans-2,3-difluorobut-2-ene are held together by dispersion forces only. 130

Chain isomers have similar physical properties.

Chain isomers have the same functional group.

131

Pentane has a higher boiling point than 2-methylbutane.

Pentane and 2-methylbutane are chain isomers.

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Position isomers differ only in the types of functional group present.

Position isomerism is one of the types of structural isomerism.

133

Isomers have similar chemical properties.

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms in space. Section 45.2

134

The cis isomer has a higher boiling point than the corresponding trans isomer.

The intermolecular forces among the molecules of cis isomer are stronger than those among the molecules of the

corresponding trans isomer. 135

A mixture of a pair of enantiomers does not rotate plane-polarized light.

A pair of enantiomers rotates plane-polarized light to opposite directions.

136

Trans-1,2-dichloroethene has no net dipole moment.

Trans-1,2-dichloroethene has the two polar CCl bonds pointing in the opposite directions.

Chemistry: Chapter 46 Typical reactions of various functional groups Sections 46.146.2

137

Which of following compounds is the major product of the reaction between excess methane and chlorine?

A. Chloromethane

B. Dichloromethane

C. Trichloromethane

D. Tetrachloromethane

138

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between methane and chlorine in the presence of light? (1) Chloromethane (2) Chloroform (3) Hydrogen chloride A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 139

Which of the following conditions are required for alkanes to undergo substitution reactions with bromine?

(1) Sunlight (2) High temperature (3) High pressure A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 140

Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction between propane and chlorine are correct?

(1) It does not take place in the dark.

(2) It involves breakage of CH bonds and ClCl bonds. (3) Hydrogen chloride is one of the products of the reaction.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 141

Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction between methane and chlorine are correct?

(1) The product of the reaction is a mixture of chloroalkanes.

(2) The major product is tetrachloromethane if excess chlorine is used. (3) Free radicals are produced during the reaction.

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B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.3

142

Which of the following compound is the major product formed in an addition reaction between hydrogen chloride and propene?

A. 1-chloropropane B. 2-chloropropane C. 1,2-dichloropropane D. 2,2-dichloropropane 143

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) Iron is used as a metal catalyst for speeding up hydrogenation. (2) Bromine can be decolorized in darkness by pent-1-ene.

(3) 2-bromopropane is the major product formed in an addition reaction between hydrogen bromide and propene.

Consider the following reaction:

+ HBr

Which of the following compounds is/are the possible major product(s) formed in the above reaction?

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(2) (3) A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 145

Which of the following combinations about addition reactions is correct?

Addition reaction The major product

A. CH3CH=CH2 + HBr CH3CH2CH2Br

B. (CH3)2C=CH2 + HBr (CH3)3CBr

C. BrCH=CH2 + HBr BrCH2CH2Br

D. (CH3)3CCH=CH2 + HBr (CH3)3CCH2CH2Br

146

Which of the following statements concerning but-1-ene are correct?

(1) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chlorobutane as the major product. (2) It can decolorize acidified potassium permanganate solution.

(3) It undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of platinum as metal catalyst with heating. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 147

Which of the following compounds is the major product formed from the reaction between 2,5-dimethylhex-2,4-diene and hydrogen bromide?

A. 3,5-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane

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C. 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane

D. 2,5-dibromo-2,5-dimethylhexane

148

Which of the following statements concerning halogenation and hydrohalogenation is/are correct?

(1) Both of them follow Markovnikov’s rule. (2) Both of them involve unsaturated hydrocarbons. (3) Both of them are substitution reactions.

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 149

Which of the following can be classified as addition reactions? (1) Reaction between ethene and hydrogen

(2) Reaction between ethene and hydrogen chloride (3) Reaction between methane and chlorine

Which of the following statements concerning propene are correct?

(1) It reacts with hydrogen in the presence of platinum and heating to give propane. (2) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chloropropane as the major product. (3) It decolorizes bromine solution in the dark.

Which of the following statements about propene is correct?

A. It can decolorize acidified potassium dichromate solution.

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C. It reacts with hydrogen in the presence of nickel to give propane. D. It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 1-chloropropane as the major

product. 152

Which of the following compounds is the major product for the reaction between 2-methylpropene and hydrogen chloride?

A. 1-chloro-2-methylpropane

B. 1,2-dichloro-2-methylpropane

C. 2-chloro-2-methylpropane

D. 2-methylpropane

153

Which of the following statements about hydrogenation of alkenes is INCORRECT? A. It requires metal catalysts such as platinum and nickel.

B. It requires heating.

C. It is an endothermic reaction because energy is required to break the C=C bonds.

D. It involves formation of CH bonds. 154

Which of the following compounds is/are the product(s) formed from the reaction between pent-1,4-diene and excess bromine in water?

(1) 1,2-dibromopentane (2) 1,2,4,5-tetrabromopentane (3) 4,5-dibromopentane A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 155

Which of the following compounds is the major product formed from the reaction between but-1,3-diene and hydrogen iodide?

A. 1,4-diiodobutane

B 2,4-diiodobutane

C. 1,3-diiodobutane

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156

Which of the following reactions are addition reactions? (1) CH2=CHCH=CH2 + HI (2) CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Cl2 (3) CH2=CHCH2CH3 + H2 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.4 157

Which of the following statements concerning the substitution reaction between bromoethane and hydroxide ions are correct?

(1) Ethanol is one of the products.

(2) An organic solvent is required for the reaction.

(3) The reaction involves the breakage of the CBr bond. A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 158

Which of the following compounds could undergo substitution reactions? (1) CH3CH=CHCH3 (2) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (3) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 159

Which of the following reactions are substitution reactions? (1) CH3CH2CH2CH2I + OH

(2) CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Cl2

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Which of the following statements about the reaction between 2-iodobutane and NaOH(aq) are correct?

(1) The products of the reaction are butan-2-ol and sodium iodide. (2) The reaction will be faster if 2-chlorobutane replaces 2-iodobutane. (3) The reaction involves the breakage of the CI bond.

Sodium hydroxide solution was added to a sample of chloromethane in a test tube. Then, a small amount of acidified silver nitrate solution was added to the reaction mixture. What could be observed?

A. Gas bubbles were formed. B. The solution turned silvery. C. White precipitate was formed. D. No observable change.

Section 46.5 162

Which of the following reagents are used to convert propan-2-ol to 2-bromopropane? (1) H2SO4(l) + KBr(s) (2) Br2(l) + CCl4(l) (3) PBr3(l) A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 163

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(1) It can be oxidized to give propanal. (2) It can be oxidized to give propanoic acid. (3) It can be dehydrated to give propene.

Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction? A.

B.

C.

D.

165

Consider the following reactions: Reaction 1:

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Which of the following compounds is the major product of reaction 2? A. 1-chlorobutane B. 2-chlorobutane C. 1,2-dichlorobutane D. 2,2-dichlorobutane 166

Which of the following reactions are substitution reactions? (1) The reaction between hydrogen chloride and propan-1-ol. (2) The reaction between hydrogen bromide and ethene. (3) The reaction between bromine and methane.

Which of the following statements concerning alcohols is INCORRECT? A. 2-methylpropan-2-ol is a tertiary alcohol.

B. All the alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acids.

C. An alcohol can be dehydrated to an alkene by treating with concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C.

D. Phosphorus trihalides can convert an alcohol to a haloalkane. 168

Which of the following reactions are correct?

(1) 3CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3 + PBr3  3CH3CHBrCH2CH2CH3

(2) CH2(OH)CH2(OH) + 4[O]  (COOH)2 + 2H2O

(3) CH3CH2Br + NaOH  CH3CH2OH + NaBr A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 169

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oxidation of butan-2-ol? (1) Butanone (2) Butanoic acid (3) Butanal A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 170

Which of the following compounds could be collected from the oxidation of pentan-1-ol? (1) Pentanoic acid (2) Pentanal (3) Pentanone A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 171

Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus tribromide are correct? (1) It can convert butan-2-ol to 2-bromobutane.

(2) It can convert but-2-ene to 2,3-dibromobutane.

(3) It is formed from the reaction between phosphorus and bromine. A. (1) and (2) only

Which of the following compounds is/are the possible product(s) formed from the oxidation of methanol? (1) Methanal (2) Methyl methanoate (3) Methanoic acid A. (1) only B. (2) only

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C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 173

Which of the following reactions can produce a haloalkane? (1) The reaction between butan-1-ol and phosphorus trichloride. (2) The reaction between but-1-ene and hydrogen bromide. (3) The reaction between propene and chlorine solution.

Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between ethanol and solid potassium bromide in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid? A. CH3CH2Br

B. BrCH2CH2Br

C. CH3CH3

D. BrCH=CHBr

175

Which of the following statements concerning the compound below is/are correct?

(1) It is a primary alcohol.

(2) It reacts with acidified potassium dichromate solution to give a ketone. (3) It reacts with hydrogen chloride to give 2,2-dichlorobutan-1-ol as the major

product. A. (1) only B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 176

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(1) (2) (3) A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 177

Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between butan-1-ol and hydrogen bromide are correct?

(1) The product of the reaction is bromobutane. (2) The reaction involved is a substitution reaction.

(3) Hydrogen bromide should be made by heating bromine with red phosphorus. A. (1) and (2) only

Compound X is an alcohol with the condensed formula of CH3CH(OH)C2H5. Which

of the following statements concerning compound X is/are correct? (1) It is a secondary alcohol.

(2) It undergoes dehydration in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid at 180C to give an alkene and water.

(3) It can be oxidized to butanoic acid.

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B. (2) only C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 179

3CH3CH2CH2OH + PI3  3CH3CH2CH2I + Compound X What is compound X? A. P2O5 B. P4O10 C. H3PO3 D. H3PO4 180

Which of the following reagents can convert primary alcohols to carboxylic acids? (1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution

(2) Acidified potassium permanganate solution (3) Acidified potassium nitrate solution

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.6 181

Which of the following statements concerning propanone are correct? (1) It has a lower boiling point than propanoic acid.

(2) It can be reduced to give propan-2-ol. (3) It can be oxidized to give propanoic acid.

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Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction? A. B. C. D. 183

Which of the following compounds can change acidified potassium dichromate solution from orange to green in an appropriate condition?

(1) Butanal (2) Pentan-2-one (3) Hexan-1-ol A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 184

Which of the following statements concerning LiAlH4 are correct?

(1) It should be stored in paraffin oil. (2) It should be used in dry ether.

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Which of the following statements concerning the compound below are correct?

(1) It has no reaction towards acidified potassium dichromate solution.

(2) It can react with lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether, followed by dilute hydrochloric acid to give

(3) It is optically inactive. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 186

Which of the following statements concerning primary alcohols is/are correct? (1) They can be dehydrated to alkenes by treating with concentrated sulphuric acid

at 180C.

(2) They can be formed by reducing ketones with LiAlH4 in dry ether and dilute

acids.

(3) They can be formed by reacting haloalkanes with sodium hydroxide solution.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

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butanal and acidified potassium dichromate solution? A. But-1-ene B. Butan-1-ol C. Butane D. Butanoic acid 188

Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between butane-2,3-dione and LiAlH4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid?

A. 3-oxobutan-2-ol

B. 3-hydroxybutan-2-one

C. 2-hydroxybutan-3-one

D. Butane-2,3-diol

189

Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between 2-bromopent-3-one and LiAlH4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid?

A. Pent-2,3-diol B. 2-bromopentan-3-ol C. 2-hydroxypentan-3-one D. 2-bromopentan-3,3-diol Section 46.7 190

Which of the following compounds is the major product of the above reaction? A.

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C.

D.

191

Consider the following reactions:

What is compound B? A. B. C. D. 192

Which of the following reagents can be used to convert propanal to propanoic acid? A. Concentrated sulphuric acid

B. Acidified potassium dichromate solution C. Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether

D. Thionyl chloride

193

Which of the following reagents can be used to oxidize propan-1-ol to propanoic acid?

(1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution (2) Acidified potassium permanganate solution

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(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 194

Which of the following compounds can be oxidized by acidified potassium dichromate solution? A. HCOOH B. CH3CH2OH C. CH3COCH2CH3 D. (CH3)3COH 195

Consider the following reactions:

Compound X Reagent Y A. CH3CH2CHO Concentrated H2SO4 B. CH3CH2CHO Acidified K2Cr2O7 C. CH3CH2CH2OH Concentrated H2SO4 D. CH3CH2CH2OH Acidified K2Cr2O7 196

Which of the following reactions can produce a primary alcohol? (1) CH3CH2CH2Cl + OH

(2) CH3CH2CH2COOH + LiAlH4 in dry ether + H+

(3) CH3COCH3 + LiAlH4 in dry ether + H+

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esterification of a carboxylic acid? (1) It acts as a catalyst.

(2) It removes water produced from the reaction. (3) It precipitates the ester formed.

Which of the following chemicals are required for converting carboxylic acids to amides? (1) SOCl2 (2) HNO3 (3) NH3 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 199

Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between butanoic acid and LiAlH4 in dry ether followed by a dilute acid?

A. Butanal B. Butan-1-ol C. Butane D. Butene Section 46.8 200

Which of the following statements concerning esters are correct?

(1) An ester is a colourless volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet fruity smell. (2) Methyl ethanoate can be hydrolysed to ethanoic acid and methanol by heating

under reflux with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(3) Methyl propanoate can be formed by heating a mixture of propanoic acid and methanol with concentrated sulphuric acid.

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C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 201

Which of the following statements concerning butan-1-ol are correct?

(1) It can be converted to but-1-ene in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C.

(2) It can be oxidized to butanoic acid by heating under reflux with acidified potassium dichromate solution.

(3) It is one of the products formed from the acid hydrolysis of butyl methanoate. A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 202

Which of the following statements concerning acid hydrolysis of ethyl butanoate are correct?

(1) The products of acid hydrolysis are butanoic acid and ethanol. (2) The acid hydrolysis does not go to completion.

(3) The acid hydrolysis can be catalysed by dilute hydrochloric acid. A. (1) and (2) only

Which of the following statements concerning hydrolysis of an ester are correct? (1) It can be carried out either in acidic or alkaline medium.

(2) It can be catalysed by either strong acids or alkalis. (3) It can produce an alcohol as one of the products.

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) Section 46.9 204

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Which of the following statements concerning an amide is/are correct? (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of an amide gives ammonia.

(2) An amide can be reduced to carboxylic acid by LiAlH4 in dry ether.

(3) An amide can be formed by treating a carboxylic acid with SOCl2 and then NH3.

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only D. (2) and (3) only 205

Which of the following compounds are the products of the above reaction? A.

B.

C.

D.

206

Which of the following compounds are the products formed from the alkaline hydrolysis of propanamide with sodium hydroxide solution?

A. Propanone and ammonia

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C. Propan-1-ol and ammonium ion D. Sodium propanoate and ammonia 207

Which of the following compounds is the product formed from the reaction between CH3CH2CONH2 and NaOH(aq)?

A. CH3CH2COOH

B. CH3CH2COONa+

C. CH3CH2CH2NH2

D. CH3CH2CHO

208

Which of the following reactions would give propanoic acid?

(1) The reaction between propan-2-ol and acidified potassium permanganate solution.

(2) The reaction between methyl propanoate and water in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid.

(3) The reaction between propanamide and water in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 209

Which of the following reactions would give butanoate ion? (1) Adding sodium metal to butanoic acid.

(2) Heating ethyl butanoate with dilute acid under reflux.

(3) Heating butanamide with dilute sodium hydroxide solution under reflux.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

Which of the following compounds are the products formed by heating a mixture of propanamide and dilute hydrochloric acid under reflux?

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(2) Ammonia (3) Ammonium ion A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

Sections 46.146.3 211

The hydrogenation of alkenes can be catalysed by either platinum or nickel.

Either platinum or nickel is a metal catalyst used to speed up the hydrogenation.

212

The major product of the reaction between 2-methylbut-2-ene and hydrogen chloride is

2-chloro-2-methylbutane.

Markovnikov’s rule states that the hydrogen atom in hydrogen chloride is added to the carbon atom of the

carbon-carbon double bond that already carries the larger number of hydrogen atoms.

Sections 46.446.5 213

An alcohol can be oxidized to give an alkene.

In dehydration, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1 are eliminated from a compound.

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214

Ethanol can be oxidized by potassium dichromate solution.

Ethanol can be oxidized to ethanoic acid.

Sections 46.646.7 215

Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohols by mixing with LiAlH4 in

dilute acid.

LiAlH4 is a mild reducing agent.

Chemistry: Chapter 47 Inter-conversions of carbon compounds Section 47.1

216

What is the minimum number of steps in converting propane to propanamide? A. 2

B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 217

Which of the following reagents are needed in a two-step synthesis of 1-bromoethane from ethanal?

(1) Hydrogen bromide

(2) Acidified potassium dichromate solution (3) Dilute sulphuric acid

Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of 1-chloropropane to propanamide?

A. Phosphorus trichloride B Sodium hydroxide solution

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D. SOCl2

219

Which of the following combinations is correct for a two-step synthesis of butanone from 2-bromobutane?

Reagent used in step 1 Reagent used in step 2 A. Sodium hydroxide solution Acidified potassium dichromate

solution

B. Phosphorus trichloride Concentrated sulphuric acid

C. Sodium hydroxide solution LiAlH4 in dry ether

D. Acidified potassium dichromate solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

220

Consider the following multi-step synthesis:

A B

A. 2-chloropropan-1-ol 2-chloropropanoic acid

B. 1-chloropropan-2-ol 1-chloropropanone

C. Propane-1,2-diol 2-hydroxypropanoic acid

D. Propane-1,2-diol 2-oxopropanoic acid

221

What is the minimum number of steps in converting an amide to an alkane?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

222

Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of propanamide to propane?

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(2) Sodium hydroxide solution (3) Dilute hydrochloric acid

Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of 1-bromopropane to propanamide are correct?

(1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is two. (2) A primary alcohol is one of the intermediate compounds. (3) Ammonia is one of the reagents.

A B A. 4-hydroxybutanal 4-chlorobutanal B. 4-formylbutan-1-ol 4-chlorobutan-1-ol C. Butane-1,4-diol 1,4-dichlorobutane D. Butane-1,4-diol 1-chlorobutane 225

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Which of the following statements concerning the above synthesis is/are correct? (1) The reagent A is dilute sulphuric acid.

(2) The reagent B is hydrogen bromide. (3) The major product X is 1-bromopropane.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of 1-bromo-3-chloropropane to propane-1,3-diol are correct? (1) It is a substitution reaction.

(2) Excess sodium hydroxide solution should be used. (3) It is a one-step synthesis. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 227

What is the minimum number of steps in converting an alkane to an amide?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

228

Which of the following reagents are needed during the conversion of ethanol to ethanamide?

(1) Ammonia

(2) Concentrated sulphuric acid

(3) Acidified potassium dichromate solution A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

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229

Consider the following multi-step synthesis,

Which of the following statements concerning the above synthesis are correct? (1) A is a dihaloalkane.

(2) The molecular formula of B is C4H10O2.

(3) C is butane-2,3-dione. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 230

Which of the following statements concerning the conversion of butan-1-ol to butane-1,2-diol are correct?

(1) The minimum number of steps for the conversion is three. (2) Excess sodium hydroxide solution is required.

(3) One of the intermediate compounds is a dihaloalkane. A. (1) and (2) only

Which of the following conversions involves an acid? (1) CH3CH2COOH  CH3CH=CH2 (2) CH3CH2CH2OH  CH3CH2CONH2 (3) CH3CH2COOCH3  CH3CH2CONH2 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 232

Which of the following conversions are regarded as hydrolysis? (1) CH3CH2CONH2  CH3CH2COONa+ + NH3

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(3) CH3CH2COOCH3  CH3CH2COONa+ + CH3OH A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 233

What is the minimum number of steps in converting a haloalkane to a carboxylic acid? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 234

What is compound B? A. CH3CH2COOH B. CH3CH=CH2 C. CH3CH2CH3 D. CH3CH2CHO 235

Which of the following reagents are needed for a three-step synthesis of propene from propanamide?

(1) LiAlH4 in dry ether

(2) Concentrated H2SO4 (3) Dilute H2SO4 A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 236

When butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at 180C, the possible products are

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(1) but-1-ene. (2) but-2-ene. (3) butanone. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 237

In an experiment, 2-chloropropane was converted to propanone by the following synthetic route.

Reagent X Reagent Y

A. SOCl2 Dilute NaOH

B. Dilute NaOH Acidified K2Cr2O7

C. Dilute NaOH LiAlH4/dry ether

D. Concentrated H2SO4 Acidified K2Cr2O7

238

Propene can be converted to propanone by the following synthetic route.

X Y A. Propan-1-ol 1-chloropropane B. 1-chloropropane Propan-1-ol C. Propan-2-ol 2-chloropropane D. 2-chloropropane Propan-2-ol 239

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Type of reaction A Type of reaction B

A. Addition Chlorination B. Substitution Chlorination

C. Dehydration Addition

D. Dehydration Substitution 240

When ethanol is heated with acidified potassium dichromate solution, the possible products are (1) ethanal. (2) ethanoic acid. (3) ethyl ethanoate. A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3) 241

Which of the following reagents are required for the conversion of propanamide to 1-chloropropane?

(1) Dilute hydrochloric acid (2) Phosphorus trichloride

(3) Lithium aluminium hydride in dry ether A. (1) and (2) only

Reagent A Reagent B

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B. Concentrated H2SO4 HCl

C. Acidified K2Cr2O7 Cl2/CCl4

D. LiAlH4/dry ether Cl2/CCl4

243

What is the minimum number of steps in converting propene to propanone?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

244

Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of ethene to ethanamide?

A. Ammonia gas

B. Sodium hydroxide solution

C. Chlorine gas

D. Acidified potassium dichromate solution 245

Which of the following reagents is NOT needed during the conversion of 2-bromo-2-methylbutane to 2-methylbutane?

A. Concentrated sulphuric acid

B. Phosphorus trichloride

C. Hydrogen gas

D. Nickel catalyst

246

Which of the following statements concerning the preparation of ethanal from ethanol are INCORRECT?

(1) Concentrated sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst in the reaction.

(2) In order to obtain ethanal, the reaction mixture should be heated under reflux for about 20 to 30 minutes.

(3) The reaction mixture should be heated in a water bath. A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)