I. Preparing your materials. material list

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Table of Contents

Page

I. Preparing your materials 2

II. Building your panpipes 3

III. How to play your panpipes 4

IV. Playing techniques 5

- Scale

- Take Big Breaths - Tonguing Exercise

V. Beginning songs 6

- When the Saints Go Marching In - Lightly Row

- Go Tell Aunt Rhody

- Matarile (folk song from Mexico) - Oh Susanna

VI. Intermediate songs 8

- Ode to Joy (Beethoven)

- Song of the Dragon (Chinese New Year song) - Camptown Races

- Oh My Darling Clementine - Tue Tue (folk song from Ghana) - This Land is Your Land

- On Top of Old Smokey - Daisy/Bicycle Built for Two - Home on the Range

VII. Playing with a friend 13

- Hot Cross Buns (duet)

- Mary Had a Little Lamb (duet) - Yankee Doodle (duet)

- Good Night Ladies (duet)

- Shoo Fly, Don’t Bother Me (duet) - Jingle Bells (duet)

- Jolly Old St. Nicholas (duet)

VIII. Playing with four or more 16

- Row Row Row Your Boat (4-part round)

- Frère Jacques/Are You Sleeping (4-part round) - Taps

IX. 2011 Science Olympiad Addendum 17

“Building and Playing Panpipes”

by Phil & Sarah Tulga

Come and join Phil’s daughter, Sarah, as she builds a working set of panpipes. She shows you how to prepare your materials and guides you step-by-step in assem-bling your instrument. She also covers a number of helpful tips on how to play your panpipes so you will sound your best.

You will learn special exercises to develop your playing technique, and some great songs to play by yourself and with your friends. To help you learn faster, Phil and Sarah have included both sheet music and play along tracks for each song.

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b

n

Inches Centimeters C 6 1/16 15.4 1 D 5 3/8 13.6 2 E 4 3/4 12.0 3 F 4 7/16 11.2 4 G 3 15/16 9.8 5 A 3 7/16 8.7 6 B 3 1/4 8.1 minor 7 C 2 13/16 7.1 8 B

n

3 7.6 Major 7

b

optional Major 7th: B natural

I. Preparing your materials

Step 1: Use your ruler and pencil to measure and mark your PVC pipe to the eight lengths on the right, i.e., C, D, E, F, G, A, B , C.

Note: Our music will not use B (B natural). However, I have also listed it here for those of you who want your instrument to play the Major 7th in the scale.

Step 2: With a PVC cutter (not a hacksaw), cut the pipe at each of your marks. Try to make each cut as straight as possible — straight cuts will produce panpipes that are “in-tune.”

material list

One yard (36 inches) of schedule-40, 1/2 inch PVC sprinkler pipe Roll of Duct Tape

Eight pennies

PVC pipe cutter (not a hacksaw) Ruler Pencil Scissors Marker Pen

Step 3: Cut 2” X 2” square pieces of duct tape. If you’re using the thicker professional grade tape — cut eight squares. If you’re using the thinner inexpensive tape — cut sixteen squares.

Step 4: Arrange your pipes (long to short), your pennies, and your duct tape squares.

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II. Building your panpipes

Step 5: Place a penny on one end of each pipe and cover with a duct tape square — again, apply two duct tape squares if you’re using thinner-grade tape.

Note: Make sure the penny is directly over the center of the tube and the duct tape completely covers the penny. The duct tape must form an air tight seal for the panpipes to play correctly.

Step 6: Align your tubes (longest to shortest) on an 18-inch strip of duct tape. Notice how the open holes line up with each other evenly. Arrange the tubes so that the open-hole ends are 3/4 of an inch above the duct tape strip.

Step 7: Wrap the tape around your set of panpipes and seal.

Step 8: Mark your tubes 1 through 8, with 1 being the longest and 8 being the shortest.

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III. How to play your panpipes

Step 9: Place your index finger on your chin and bottom lip. This is how it feels to play panpipes. When you play your panpipes the tubes should touch your chin and bottom lip. Also, form a hole with your lips and blow air across the top of your finger.

Note: You must keep your cheeks from being puffed. You DO NOT want to puff your cheeks when you play your pan pipes.

Step 10: Hold you panpipes so they are straight up and down — not tilted left or right. Blow across each tube. It’s just like blowing across the top of a soda bottle. Start with the shortest tube — it’s the easiest to play.

troubleshooting tips

If you’re having problems, try this:

1) Check that the pennies are on the middle of each tube and the duct tape is firmly sealed (step 5). Also, if your duct tape is thin, make sure to use two pieces. Each day, before you play your panpipes, check to make sure your duct tape is tightly pushed around the tube and penny — especially if you store your panpipes in a hot area.

2) Look in the mirror to see how you’re playing. Is your instrument straight up and down? Check your playing technique (step 9) and don’t let your cheeks puff out.

3) Make sure there is a full 3/4 of an inch (steps 6 & 7) between the top of your panpipes and the duct tape — don’t wrap your tape up to the top of the tubes.

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b

Scale

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

IV. Playing techniques

Your panpipes play eight different pitches, i.e., C, D, E, F, G, A, B , and C. In our music, we’ll use the pipe numbers (1-8) instead of the pitch names. You can also hear each musical example by playing the track number in your email. To hear the below “Scale” example, play track number 1.

Track 1

The most important technique in playing a wind instrument like panpipes is breathing — or providing

enough breath support. In this exercise, take big breaths between each of your notes. Also, notice that we are playing the pitch F, which is tube number 4.

All wind instruments use a technique called “tonguing.” It quickly fills your instrument with air and produces a clean beginning to your sound. To tongue, simply whisper the sound “Tu” as you start each note. When you do this you are striking the tip of the tongue on the back of the top teeth.

Track 3

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Take Big Breaths

Track 2

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1 3 4 5 1 3 4 5 1 3 4

5 3 1 3 2 3 3 2

1 1 3 5 5 4 3 4

5 3 1 2 1

When the Saints Go Marching In

1 3 4 5 1 3 4 5 1 3 4 5 3 1 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 3 5 5 4 3 4

V. Beginning songs

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Lightly Row

5 3 3 4 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 5 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 3 3 4 2 2 1 3 5 5 1 Track 4 Track 5

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Track 6

Matarile

_{folk song from Mexico}

1 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 5 5 3 1

1 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 5 5 1

Go Tell Aunt Rhody

3 3 2 1 1 2 2 4 3 2 1 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 www.philtulga.com Track 7

Oh Susanna

1 2 3 5 5 6 5 3 1 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 3 5 5 6 5 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 4 4 6 6 6 5 5 3 1 2 1 2 3 5 5 6 5 3 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 Track 8

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Track 9

6 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 6 5 5

6 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 5 4 4

5 6 4 5 6 7 6 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 5 1

6 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 5 6 5 4 4

Ode To Joy

Beethoven

Song of the Dragon

Chinese New Year song

5 3 2 3 5 3 5 6 8 5

5 5 8 6 5 3 2 5 3 2 1

5 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1

VI. Intermediate songs

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Tue Tue

folk song from Ghana 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 6 5 3 3 2 1 3 5 5 5 1 1 3 5 6 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 5 6 5 3 3 2 3 2 5 5 3 5 6 5 3 2 3 2 1 1 3 5 8 6 8 6 5 5 5 3 5 6 5 3 2 3 2 1

Oh My Darling Clementine

4 4 4 1 6 6 6 4 4 6 8 8 7 6 5 5 6 7 7 6 5 6 4 4 6 5 1 3 5 4 Track 12 Track 13

Camptown Races

Track 11 www.philtulga.com

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4 5 6 7 7 7 4 5 6 6 1 4 6

5 5 5 4 5 6 6 4 5 6

7 7 7 4 5 6 6

5 5 5 3 1 3 5 4

This Land is Your Land

Woody Guthrie

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On Top of Old Smokey

1 1 3 5 8 6 6 4 5 6 5 1 1 3 5 5 2 3 4 3 2 1 Track 14 Track 15

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Daisy/Bicycle Built for Two

8 6 4 1 2 3 4 2 4 1 5 8 6 4 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 6 5 8 6 5 4 5 6 4 2 4 2 1 1 4 6 5 1 4 6 5 6 7 8 6 4 5 1 4 www.philtulga.com Track 16

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1 1 4 5 6 4 3 2 7 7 7 6 7

Home on the Range

8 4 4 4 3 4 5 1 1 4 5 6 4 3 2 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 4 3 4 5 4 8 7 6 5 6 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 1 1 4 5 6 4 3 2 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 4 3 4 5 4 Track 17 www.philtulga.com

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Mary Had a Little Lamb (duet)

A

B

6 5 4 5 6 6 6 5 5 5 6 8 8 6 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 5 4

4 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 1 3 4

Hot Cross Buns (duet)

A

B

6 5 4 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 4

4 1 4 4 1 4 2 2 3 3 4 1 4

Yankee Doodle (duet)

A

B

4 4 5 6 4 6 5 4 4 5 6 4 3 4 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 3 4 4

4 1 2 1 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 4

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VII. Playing with a friend

Here are some duets — songs for two players. Part A is the melody and part B is the accompaniment. One person plays the A line while the other plays the B line. Then, switch parts for the second time through the song.

Track 18

Track 19

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Good Night Ladies (duet)

A

B

6 4 1 4 6 4 5 5 4 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 3 1 2 3 6 4 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 2 3 4

Shoo Fly, Don’t Bother Me (duet)

A

6 4 5 6 7 4 4 3 4 5 6 4 4 1 2 3 4 5 3 3 3 5 6 7 8 6 6 4 5 6 7 5 5 8 8 8 7 6 5 4 4 1 2 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 4

B

A

www.philtulga.com Track 21 Track 22

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Jingle Bells (duet)

A

B

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 5 8 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 8 8 7 5 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4

Jolly Old St. Nicholas (duet)

A

B

6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 5 4 5 6 4 4 3 2 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 3 4 Track 23 Track 24 www.philtulga.com

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A

B

C

1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 4 5

D

3 4 5

5 6 5 4 3 1 5 6 5 4 3 1 1 5 1 1 5 1

Row Row Row Your Boat

A

B

C

D

1 1 1 2 3 3 2 3 4 5 8 8 8 5 5 5 3 3 3 1 1 1 5 4 3 2 1

Taps

1 1 4 1 4 6 1 4 6 1 4 6 1 4

VIII. Playing with four or more

www.philtulga.com

Track 25

Track 27

play as a Round

everyone plays together

Frère Jacques/Are You Sleeping

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IX. 2011 Science Olympiad Addendum

www.philtulga.com

sounds of music event

If you’re building an instrument for the 2011 High School Science Olympiad Competition, the tube lengths on the right will apply to “Wind Instrument— Instrument 1.” We have included all 27 pitches in the “allowable scoring range” between F3 and G5.

Additionally, we have highlighted the exact pitches that are required for the “C Major Scale between (C4 to C5).”

The required song, included in the 2011 Science Olympiad Rules Manual, is Shenandoah. The starting note for this song is D4, as shown on the table to the right.

The tubes are tuned and calibrated to an A-440 at 72 degrees Fahrenheit. The frequencies they produce are precisely based on the “12 tone tempered scale.” You will notice that each octave is divided into twelve equal semitones. Since the frequency ratio of the octave is 2, the frequency ratio s of this semitone is given by the equation: s12 = 2; s = 12 2 = 1.05946. To obtain the best possible sound, we recommend that you glue the pennies (instead of the duct tape method described on page 3) using an all-purpose glue like “Loctite Stick ’n Seal Waterproof Adhesive.” Additionally, just for the 8 lowest pitches (F3 to C4), we recommend that you use 3/4-inch schedule-40 pipe (with a quarter on the bottom of each tube), rather than the 1/2-inch pipe (with pennies). Since the pitch of each tube is determined by its length, not its diameter, this change will not affect its tuning. Intonation can vary depending on the player’s breath support and technique. For the absolute best results, we recommend that you use an inexpensive tuner to fine-tune each of your tubes, like the “Korg CA-40 Chromatic Tuner” that sells for approximately $15.

Pitch Name Tube Length in Centimeters Frequency in Hertz F3 48.0 174.610 F#3 45.3 185.000 G3 42.7 196.000 G#3 40.2 207.650 A3 37.9 220.000 Bb3 35.8 233.080 B3 33.7 246.940 C4 31.8 261.600 C#4 29.9 277.180 D4 28.1 293.670 Eb4 26.5 311.030 E4 25.0 329.630 F4 23.5 349.230 F#4 22.0 369.990 G4 20.8 392.000 G#4 19.5 415.300 A4 18.4 440.000 Bb4 17.3 466.160 B4 16.3 493.880 C5 15.4 523.250 C#5 14.4 554.370 D5 13.6 587.330 Eb5 12.7 622.250 E5 12.0 659.260 F5 11.2 698.460 F#5 10.4 739.990 G5 9.8 783.990 F3 G5