World War I. dex.html#world

World War I

http://www.wolfwarburg.com/versailles_diktat.htm

http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/thenandnow/in dex.html#world http://greatwarphotos.com/category/western-front/

World War I

World

War I

Events during the War

Effects Causes

Why do you think that this conflict is known as a World War?

What is it an Industrial War? How was World War I an Industrial War?

What reasons for going to war might justify the death and destruction that it causes? (why have countries traditionally gone to war?)

An Industrial War

• More than 70 million military personnel mobilized (60 million Europeans

• Over 9 million combatants killed, over 21 million wounded

• About 6.8 million civilian deaths

• Unlike most wars before this the majority of military deaths were caused by combat (improved weapons)

Otto Dix,

Storm Troopers

During a Gas Attack

, 1924

‘The Great War’ – A World War

•

Allied Powers in Green

•

Central Powers in Yellow

Causes of World War I

Long-Term Causes

Nationalism

Militarism &

alliances

Industrialism &

technology

Imperialism



France wanted

land back &

revenge for

Franco-Prussian

War



Serbs wanted

independence

from A-H



A-H and

Ottomans felt

threatened by

smaller nations

declaring

independence



Germany built up

military to unify



England &

Germany

competed for

best navy



Competing

alliances:

Triple

Alliances

(Germany, Italy,

A-H) vs.

Triple

Entente

(England, France

and Russia)



Telegraphs,

machine guns,

railroads, etc.

made war

bigger, easier,

more deadly



Population

growth from IR

made for larger

militaries



German

economy grew

fastest, England

felt threatened



“Scramble for

Africa” – France

& Germany

fought over

Morocco



Colonies

provided more

resources &

manpower for

conflicts

Causes of World War I

Immediate Causes

Nationalism

Militarism &

alliances

Industrialism &

technology

Imperialism



Serbian

nationalists

assassinated

Franz Ferdinand

& demanded

independence



Russia backed

the Serbians

since they were

both Slavic

peoples



Alliance system

kicks in and

creates a

Domino Effect

1

st

A-H

mobilized, 2

nd

Russia

mobilized, 3

rd

German

mobilized



Germany

attacked

Belgium &

France = WAR

Europe Rushes into

war:



Germany used

its railroads to

build up forces

on Russian

border



Crossed

telegraphs and

broken

negotiations

Competition over

colonies & internal

borders:



A-H gave an

ultimatum to

Serbians to stop

loss of territory



Ottomans

wanted to fight

to regain control

of Balkan

Peninsula

Going to War: How did Germany feel about going to War?

Bernd Huppauf, Historian

•

1. Why did the German

people feel as if the war

was inevitable?

•

2. Why did the German

people feel as if they had

been forced into the war?

How did they view their

involvement in the war?

•

_{3. What long term or}

immediate causes of World

War 1 can you identify in

these paragraphs?

The Outbreak of War

•

Between August 1 and August

6 Germany, Russia, France, A-H

and Britain had all declared war

on one another. Historians still

debate who (nation/leader) or

what force caused WWI. Each

country pointed their finger at

someone else.

1. Is it important to lay the

blame for the war on one

group or nation? Why or

why not?

2. Consider the causes of

war we have discussed.

Which do you think is the

most significant and why?

(Explain your answer)

3. Examine the cartoon –

what does this drawing

suggest about the

Alliances Form Tensions Rise The War Begins

-

Triple Alliance

, 1882-

(Germany, Austria,

Italy)

-

Triple Entente

, 1904 –

(Russia, France Britain)

-Germany signs treaty

with Ottoman Turkey

-Britain develops

relations with Japan

-Powers want to

protect status

-Compete overseas

for colonies

-Militarism

-Britain feels

threatened by

Germany;

Germany fears

Russia

-Sensational

Journalism stirs

public feelings

-Balkan Wars

Timeline of Events

Archduke of A-H

assassinated by Serbian

nationalist

2. Austria gives Serbia

ultimatum (has a ‘blank check’

from Germany)

3. Serbia will not meet all terms

(backed by Russia)

-

Willy-Nicky Telegrams (Germany – Russia) try to relive tension but fails

4. With German support,

Austria declares war on Serbia

5. Russia mobilizes; Germany

declares war on Russia

(Aug 1

st

₎

6. France supports Russia,

Germany declares war on

France

(Aug 3

rd

₎

7. Germany invades Belgium =

Britain declares war on

Germany

(Aug 4

th

₎

Events leading to War

Blank Check

Ultimatum

Serbia’s

Response

Willy - Nicky

6th _{of July in Berlin} Letter from Germany – A-H -Serbia is responsible for conflict -- Germany will support A-H no matter what -On the 31st _of March 1909 -- A-H to Serbia -- participation in investigation of FF death

-- censor the press, get rid of military, and juridical system

August 3rd Serbia _{– A-H}

- Accept everything except but wont give over power of gov’t to A-H August, 1st ₁₉₁₄ Tries to establish peace/ solve problems of Europe … fails Task:

1. Identify when your event occurred

2. Read the primary source associated with your event and answer the questions at the bottom

Timeline

Tasks:

•

Record the Events of WWI on your group timeline

(starting with the assassination of Franz

Ferdinand and ending with the entry of Italy into

the war)

•

Read your assigned Event and Answer the

questions on a separate piece of paper

•

Summarize your event on your group Timeline

and create a visual representation of the event

that explains how it led to WWI

•

Explain your assigned event to your group

Timeline of Events

June 1914

1. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. July 1914

2. Blank Check: Germany gave Austria-Hungary a “blank check”

3. Ultimatum: Austria-Hungary made demands to Serbia.

4. Serbia accepted most of the ultimatum, but rejected some parts. 5. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

6. Willy- Nicky telegraphs: telegraphs between Russia and Germany.

7. Mobilization: Russia and Germany get ready for war August 1914

8. August 1st_{Germany declared war on Russia.}

9. Russia called on France, its ally. France gave Russia a “blank check.” 10. Germany demanded that France back down.

11. August 3rd _{France refused to back down, so Germany declared war on France.} 12. August 4th _{Germany’s Schlieffen Plan = Germany attacks France through Belgium.}

13. England declared war on Germany

14. August 6th _{Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia}

October 1914

15. Ottomans joined the Central Powers May 1915

Vision of war vs. the

Reality of war

•

“There were parades in the street,

flags, ribbons, and music burst forth

everywhere, young recruits were

marching triumphantly, their faces

lighting up at the cheering…as

never before, thousands and

hundreds of thousands felt what

they should have felt in peace time,

that they belonged together.”

– “The Rushing Feeling of Fraternity” Stefan Zweig

•

"Bombardment, barrage,

curtain-fire, mines, gas, tanks,

machine-guns, hand-grenades--words,

words, words, but they hold the

horror of the world."

-

Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet On The Western Front, Questions:

In Quote 1 –

1. How do Europeans in this

quote respond to the

outbreak of war?

2. what reasons does the

author give for why

Europeans responded this

way?

3.

In Quote 2 - how does the

author portray war and how

does he try to explain his

experience fighting?

Mobilization for War

•

How does Germany

prepare for war?

•

How do the Europeans

(German and French)

feel about the coming of

war?

•

Why do you think

Europeans (especially

Germans) thought that

this would be a quick

war? (‘over in 40 days’)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v0kvczF1p04

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE

• Doc-

Marne (1914)

Western Front

-Fought outside of Paris

-French and British troops vs. Germany

-Allied powers dig trenches (this is the beginning of the stalemate)

Tannenberg (1914)

Eastern Front

-Germany vs. Russia

-Fought just inside of Germany (Russia advanced early in war) - Germany repulsed Russians and inflicted heavy casualties -Russia begins a retreat that would last most of the war….

Gallipoli (1915-6)

-Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers

-Allies landed in the Dardanelles (connect with ally Russia), and can’t get off the beached for 10 months! Very heavy casualties

- Ottomans cause Allies to retreat (more stress on Russia)

Somme & Verdun

(1916)

Western Front

(Stalemate)

-Germany/ Allies wanted to break the stalemate

-Verdun: Massive German assault that lasted 11 months, 700,000 casualties

-Somme: massive English and French assault, 1 million casualties -(both battles indecisive – nothing changes)

The Grand

Offensive (1918)

Battle of the

Argonne Forest

-Final Allied push, an attack on all parts of the Western Front (US has joined)

-Allies were able to push back the Germans, who had low morale -Led to Germany accepting an armistice – a cease fire

Opening Clashes

Marne 1914

Western Front (France)

- Fought outside of Paris

- French and British troops

vs. Germany

- Allied powers dig trenches

(this is the beginning of the

stalemate)

Tannenberg 1914

Eastern Front (Russia)

- Germany vs. Russia

- Fought just inside of

Germany (Russia advanced

early in war)

- Germany repulsed Russians

and inflicted heavy casualties

- Russia begins a retreat that

would last most of the war….

Devastating Battles

Gallipoli (1915-6)

-Ottoman Empire joined the

Central Powers

-Allies landed in the

Dardanelles (connect with ally

Russia), and can’t get off the

beached for 10 months! Very

heavy casualties

- Ottomans cause Allies to

retreat (more stress on Russia)

Somme & Verdun (1916)

Western Front (Stalemate)

- Germany/ Allies wanted to

break the stalemate

- Verdun: Massive German

assault that lasted 11 months,

700,000 casualties

- Somme: massive English

and French assault, 1 million

casualties

- (both battles indecisive –

nothing changes)

Final Battle

The Grand Offensive (1918)

Battle of the Argonne Forest

- Final Allied push, an attack

on all parts of the Western

Front (US has joined)

- Allies were able to push

back the Germans, who had

low morale

- Led to Germany accepting an

armistice – a cease fire

Overcoming the stalemate with new ideas

(Weapons)

New(ish) technology and tactics

•

Air: zeppelins, airplanes-

mainly used for

reconnaissance & bombing

supply lines

•

Sea: steel battleships, cruisers,

u-boats; convoys; naval mines

•

Land: tanks, siege howitzers,

machine guns, poison gas,

mortars, grenades

Battle front: Poems & literature from the War

Title of Poem:_____________________________

Author: _______________________________

Questions:

•

Summarize your poem and paraphrase the

main idea: (What is the poem about)

•

How does your poem portray warfare? (use

specific quotes or phrases to support your

answer)

The War on the Home front

1. What is the message

of this poster?

2. How is the US Food

administration trying

to persuade people to

believe in this

message?

–

List specific details for

the poster as

Not Just Weapons…

Censorship

A. many government made “agreements” w/ the press

to cover in positive ways

B. Mail was read and censored, especially if it was going

to the troops

Propaganda

: spreading of ideas to promote a cause or

damage an opposing cause

Total war

: shift all of a nation’s resources into war efforts

•

Included changing civilian factories into military

factories

•

Brought mechanical, civil, etc. engineers into the

military



led to war tech

•

Unrestricted sub warfare: even attack civilian ships if

they help war effort

Not Just Weapons

•

Conscription

: drafting

civilians into the military

–

All nations involved had a

military draft

•

Raised spending and taxes

to buy more war goods

–

War (liberty) bonds:

like an

IOU

1. government sold bonds

(slips of paper) to people

& companies

2. the government was

expected to repay this

money, plus interest/fee,

after a certain period

On The Home front

‘Propaganda’

Propaganda = the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or

damage an opposing cause

*

purpose is to quickly persuade and advocate an agenda

•

Elements of Propaganda –

–

Imagery

– appealing imagery (pictorial or descriptive)

–

Repetition

– a message must be continuously repeated so that

it will take hold in the collective consciousness

–

Simplicity

– message should be quickly understood (the

simple lie always conquers the complex truth)

–

Sentiment

– message must contain as little detail as possible

but should appeal to a strong emotion (ex: sympathy, anger,

pride, etc…)

1. Imagery

•

Quick Association –

what emotions or

terms do you link to

these images?

What types of Imagery are used in

these posters?

2. Repetition

•

What is being repeated

in each of these ads?

3. Simplicity

Quick read: What is message

of these ads?

http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=MDUQW8LUMs8

4. Sentiment

What are the emotions that

each of these posters or ads

are evoking?

German Anti- Russian

Propaganda Poster

Critically Examine Propaganda

•

Title / words of Poster:

•

Analysis of Poster:

– Use the chart below to list people, objects, and activities found in the cartoon or picture:

•

People/ Animals

Objects

Activities

– Write a brief description of the artwork:

– What is the message of this poster? Propaganda is the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause

– How does your poster fulfill this description?

•

On a separate piece of paper create your own propaganda poster. Make

sure that your poster includes a message (what do you what the viewer to

think or feel) and a specific topic (recruitment, war bonds, etc…).

US Involvement

America was hesitant

•

Many German-Americans had sympathy

for Germany

•

Irish-Americans did not want to join and

help the British

But…America joined the Allies for

numerous reasons

1. English-American connection existed

2. Germany’s unrestricted submarine

warfare killed American civilians

3. Zimmerman Note (1917)

•

Germany wrote to Mexico – ‘fight US

and you can get Southwestern lands

back.’ *England intercepted and gave to

America, who joined the war

Ending the War

1. US involvement was a huge

morale boost

2. Germany was running out

of money and new recruits

(it was using 15 and 16 year

olds)

–

Requested an armistice, or

break in fighting, on

November 11, 1918

3. Proposed peace

agreements (Wilson’s 14

points and The Treaty of

Versailles)

• As you view the following pictures answer the questions at the top of your paper: Questions

• Why is it significant that major civic buildings such as the Courthouse, cathedral, and City Hall (Hotel de Ville)

were destroyed?

• Imagine the same destruction happened to your community. Would (how could) the community ever really

recover from such destruction?

• What happened to the land surrounding the villages where battles took place? What was this land used for

prior to the war?

• Describe what you see in the images of battlefields. Include reflections on the land, plants, animals, etc.

• What might France’s biggest goals be during the peace talks after World War I?

– a. What might France fear?

– b. What would France probably want with respect to Germany? Why?

– c. Would those desires be reasonable? Why or why not?

The Effects of World War 1

The Effects of

World War 1

•

Town Hall of

Arras, France

The Effects of

World War 1

Cathedral of

Arras, France

The Zone Rouge (the

Red Zone)

•

1,200 square kilometres

(460 sq mi) of land in

northeastern France that

was physically and

environmentally destroyed

during the First World War.

•

Because of hundreds of

thousands of human and

animal corpses and

millions of unexploded

ordnance that

contaminated the land,

some activities in the area

such as housing, farming or

forestry, were temporarily

or permanently forbidden

after the war by French

law.

•

Some towns were never

permitted to be rebuilt.

Restrictions in the zone rouge still exist today although the controlled areas have been greatly reduced.

The Effects of

World War 1

•

Before and After

picture Dinant,

Belgium

The Effects of

World War 1

•

Before and After

The Effects of

World War 1

The Effects of

World War 1

World War 1 Trenches today

Over 90 years later, trench outlines can still be seen in northern France. Shell

fragments, grenades, etc. are plowed up every year.

Civilians as Casualties of War

•

World War 1 saw an unprecedented

number of civilian casualties

•

Examples:

–

Armenian Genocide

•

The Ottoman Empire

‘deported’ 2 million

Armenians – 1-1.5 million

were killed or starved in

Concentration camps.

•

One of the first modern

large scale, systematic,

and plan killing of a ethnic

group of people

Of this photo, the United States ambassador wrote,“ Scenes like this were common all over the Armenian provinces, in the spring and summer months of 1915. Death in its several forms—massacre, starvation, exhaustion— destroyed the larger part of the refugees. The Turkish policy was that of extermination under the guise of deportation."

Civilians as

Casualties of War

•

Deaths by alliance

and military/civilian.

Most of the civilian

deaths were due to

war-related famine.

Indirect Effects from the War

•

Influenza Epidemic:

–

Spring of 1918 a new flu strain

mutates and kills between 50 –

100 million people worldwide

–

Killed mostly young adults

(2-20% of these infected died),

27% (500 million people) of

world infected

–

World War I did not cause the

flu, but the close troop

quarters and massive troop

movements hastened the

pandemic.

•

probably both increased

transmission, augmented

mutation b/c of increased travel

Soldiers and sailors among the first hit with the virus.

Effects of World War 1

Casualties

•

Questions:

•

Which countries had less than

10% casualties? Which countries

had above 70% casualties?

•

How many total deaths did the

Central Powers incur? The Allies?

•

Which Allied Power had the

highest casualty percentage? The

most soldiers killed?

•

Using your prior knowledge from

this unit, what helps to explain

the high casualty figures for

France and Russia, in particular?

•

How do you come to terms with

losing millions of your citizens to

war?

Gravestones at the Tyne Cot World

War 1 Memorial (Belgium)

Write a Paragraph answering the following question:

How did World War 1 Change Warfare?

Give Specific Examples for each…

Battle Front

•

Tactic of the war?

–

Use specific battles as

examples

•

Effect of these tactics?

Home Front

•

How did civilians become

engaged in the war effort?

–

Use specific examples in your

answer

Finding Peace

•

Team up with two other students. One student will pretend to be France,

one will be America, and one will be Germany. Based on your knowledge

from this unit and the nationalism unit, each of you should write out a list

of 2-5 of what you believe would be the most important postwar goals for

your country.

•

Once all three members have drawn up the list of their goals, they should

come together as a group. Discuss the different goals that each of you has

and attempt to negotiate an agreement. Write up the list of 2-5 terms for

the treaty that your group ultimately agrees upon.

•

Share your results. Were there any common goals in your group? Were

there any directly conflicting goals? Were compromises made? Which

country was most pleased with how the negotiations turned out? Most

displeased? On balance, did each country feel it had achieved its most

important goal? Were there any particular impasses or impediments to

agreements?

Immediate Effects

1. A generation of Europeans are

killed or wounded

2. Dynasties fall in Germany,

Austria- Hungary, and Russia

3. New Countries are Created

4. The League of Nations is

established to help promote peace

Long-Term Effects

1. Many nations feel bitter and betrayed by the peace

settlements

2. Problems that helped cause the war – nationalism,

competition - remain

Finding Peace

Postwar Goals

Based on your prior knowledge what do you think the postwar goals of the following countries will be?

The United States France Germany

Wilson’s 14 Points

(proposed peace)

Treaty of Versailles

(actual peace)

Wilson’s 14 Points

(proposed peace)

Treaty of Versailles

(actual peace)

Blame for the war – nobody is

blamed

Blame – Germany

How to rebuild- independent states,

but unclear , Allow countries and

colonies

self-determination

Rebuild – Germany has to pay for

the rebuilding of Europe

(reparations - $30 billion)

Germany – the german army

removed from russia…

treated as

an equal, (

Rebuild Europe together

)

Germany – punished for their

involvement in the war (Germany

gave up land & colonies)

Land Changes – Germany was

removed from Russia, Italy’s border

was nationally recognized,

independent nations developed

Land Changes – 5 independent

nations, A-H dissolved, nations

based on ethnic groups formed,

winner keep colonies

How to preserve the peace – opened

seas, end secret treaties &

established the League of Nations

Peace – demilitarized Germany &

established the World Court, League

of Nations

Write a paragraph with at least two

clearly stated supporting arguments

Did the Treaty of Versailles help end tensions

or make tensions worse in a post-WWI

Germany After the War

• The following quote is from a German newspaper the day the Treaty of

Versailles was signed.

1. How did Germans view the

Treaty of Versailles?

–

What excerpt from the

quote can you use to

support your answer?

2. If the treaty was such an

disgrace why didn’t

Germany go back to war?

–

Consider the effects of

WWI that we examined

yesterday.

3. What did the Allies (France

and England in particular)

want when writing the

Treaty of Versailles? Does

this quote suggest they

achieved their goal?

“Vengeance! German people! Today

the shameful peace has been signed in the

Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. Forget it not!

There where, in the glorious year 1871, the

glorious German Reich was reborn in its

ancient splendour, there German honour is

today interred (buried). Forget it not! By

labour without relaxation and without

flagging the German people will reconquer

the place which is their due among the

nations! Therefore, revenge for the

ignominy (disgrace) of 1919!”

- The

Deutsche Zeitung

, June 28, 1919

Germany 1918 – Statistics from the War

-523,000 civilians dead (250,000 more after the armistice from starvation)

-1.7 million dead, 4.2 million wounded soldiers - Owed 132 billion German marks [$400 billion today] in reparations

1929 – Stalin became the sole ruler of the USSR and created a totalitarian state 1900 – Tsar Nicholas II ruled over the Russian

Empire with absolute power

1904 – Russia suffered humiliating defeats in a war against Japan which led to protests and calls for reform

1905 – After Bloody Sunday, Nicholas II agreed to allow a Duma, or legislature for the people

1914 – Russia entered WWI and quickly suffered heavy losses in major defeats to Germany along the Eastern Front. March 1917 –

Revolts in Petrograd forced the Tsar to abdicate and a provisional republic was established

Nov 1917 – Lenin and the Bolsheviks took control in Petrograd and ended the republic 1918 - 1921 –

Bolsheviks (Reds) fought and won a civil war against the White armies

1922 – Lenin

established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under the control of the

Street demonstration, Petrograd, 18 June 1917. The banner in the foreground reads "Down With The 10 Capitalist Ministers/ All Power To The Soviets Of Workers', Soldiers', And Peasants' Deputies/ And To The Socialist Ministers/ [We Demand That Nicholas II Be Transferred To The Peter-Paul Fortress."

Petrograd, 4 July 1917. Street demonstration on Nevsky Prospekt just after troops of the Provisional Government have opened fire with machine guns.

Much-publicized ‘photo’ purporting to show the storming of the Winter Palace, October 1917 by Bolshevik troops

What are the causes of the Russian

Revolution?

Why was Russia such a hard country to rule in 1900?

Why did a series of Revolutions begin in Russia?

•6.5 million sq mi. – 1.8 times the size of the US

•11 different time zones.

•Beyond the Ural Mountains, Russia was a wild place with frontier

settlements.

•150 million people but 50% were not ethnic Russians, (Ukrainians, Poles, Armenians, etc..)

•Petrograd and Moscow undergo industrialization but majority of country Rural farmland.

•The factory workers lived in filthy, crowded, disease-ridden dormitories near the cities.

•Peasants lived in wood and straw houses, slept on beds of straw and wore coarse woollen shirts. The poorest had sandals made of tree bark.

Russia: An overview

Population

-4 out of 5 Russians were peasants. They had a hard life and there was often

starvation and disease.

-Nobles made up 1% of the population but owned

almost 25% of the land. -If peasants protested (for example during

famines), the Tsar would use his feared Cossack soldiers against them.

Siberia

Extremely cold (up to –60 degrees C). Very large. Huge natural resources but very small population. The rulers of Russia traditionally sent any person who

How does WWI make it even harder to

Rule Russia?

Russia suffered over 9 million total casualties

during the war.

During the attempted invasion of Germany

early in the war Russia lost almost a quarter of

a million men. During one part of the battle the

Second Army was surrounded and only 10,000

of the 150,000 Russian soldiers managed to

escape. The General of the 2

nd

_{Army was so}

shocked by the outcome he committed suicide.

Russia’s less developed industrial base and

ineffective military leadership led to defeat

after defeat causing the Russian army to

retreat into Russia territory by 1915. Russia's

poor roads and railways made the effective

deployment of these soldiers difficult.

_{Back to the}

Was Nicholas II a good ruler of Russia?

For

Against

Sources:

Was Nicholas II a good ruler of Russia?

For

Against

Sources:

-- Kind and religious-5 -Trained as a soldier-9 -Quick minded-6

-Fam man -7

-Loved his country and served it well-12

Sources:

-No patience (1) -No opinion-4 -Unprepared-11 -Puts fam on top-8 -Does not get positive traits-2

-Used violence-8 -No knowledge of politics-11

-Can’t make up his mind

Russian Revolution

•

How did World War 1 help cause the Russian

Revolution?

- Russia entered the WWI with the largest army in the world, when fully mobilized

the Russian army stood at over 5 million soldiers (though at the outset of war Russia

could not arm all its soldiers, having only 4.6 million rifles).

- Russia suffered over 9 million casualties during the war. Nearly 4 million Russian

soldiers were held as POWs

-Economically Russia was 8 Trillion Rubles in debt and inflation soared.

- In 1916, food prices accelerated and many workers could no longer afford grain for

bread.

• Poster 1

1. What does this poster suggest is the key to a Russian victory in WWI?

• Poster 2

2. In this poster Russia cavalry charges the German Kaiser. From the facts on the right is this portrayal of the Russian Army accurate?

- Use a statistic or quote from the facts to prove how either one of this posters is a pieces of propaganda and does not show a the reality of Russia at War. Explain your answer

Poster 1

Propaganda vs.

Poster 2

Reality

How do these pieces of

Propaganda portray

The Russian war effort?

Joseph Stalin

The man and the myth

The Myth

Reality

•

http://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=gSW2sRKgLwo

Russia under Communism

•

1918 onwards: The

Communists change

Russia. For example,

some Russians get

electricity for the 1

st

time.

•

1926: Stalin comes to

power. Huge statues of

him are put up, leading

his people to victory!

Summarizing Sentences

1. Russia under the Tsar (during WWI) -

1914 1915 1916 1917 ₁₉₁₈ 1919 1920 Russia Enters WWI Nicholas II goes to the front, Rasputin influences tsarina Rasputin killed in Dec Lenin’s forces overthrow the gov’t in the November Revolution The March Revolution causes tsar to abdicate July – Communists kill the tsar and his family

March –

Russia withdraws from WWI (before general armistice)

Communists set up forced labor camps

Communists win civil war – USSR

Poster requirements:

1.

Write a thesis

that makes an argument in response to the question:

“Was the Treaty of Versailles an effective peace agreement.” (did it

help end tensions or make tensions worse in a post-WWI Europe and

Asia)

– You should use information from WWI readings and primary sources. This should be a paragraph with at least two clearly stated supporting arguments. Follow the rules for a good introduction paragraph.

2.

Write a paragraph or create a visual

with a strong caption that

demonstrates

the terms or sentiments of the treaty

. Make sure you

connect this segment of the poster back to your thesis statement.

3.

Create a visual that demonstrates the short term effects of the treaty

on (at least) the following countries: Germany, Austria-Hungary, England,

France. Connect these effects back to the thesis statement with a

strongly worded caption.

4.

Create a visual that demonstrates the long term effects of the treaty

on

(at least) the following countries: Germany, Italy, Japan, America.