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Presenter. Zane Ryan. Director Dot Force

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(1)

Presenter

Zane Ryan

Director

Dot Force

[email protected]

www.dotforce.co.uk

(2)

Ingate Systems

Headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden

North American subsidiary in New Hampshire

Long Island, New York

San Jose, California

Ottawa, Canada

Leading provider of Enterprise Session Border 

Controllers

Fully SIP‐capable Enterprise Firewalls

Enterprise SBCs (SIParator)

Avaya DevConnect partner since 2005

Preconfigurations for all major SIP trunking providers

Support for remote workers 

Security and control

(3)

Some Well Known Customers

¥

2 Major Japanese Banks (protected under NDA)

$

Major Boston, MA Based Financial Services Firm

(4)

Possibilites with SIP

4

(5)
(6)

SIParator

®

21

SIParator

®

95

*) Calls = Concurrent RTP Sessions = SIP Trunks

SIParator

®

56

SIParator

®

66

SIParator

®

51

150 Calls*

500 Mbit/s 28 500 Packets/s

3000 Calls*

4 500 Mbit/s 300 000 Packets/s

400 Calls*

700 Mbit/s 50 000 Packets/s

800 Calls*

900 Mbit/s 90 000 Packets/s

1800 Calls*

4 500 Mbit/s 300 000 Packets/s

The Ingate appliance family

50 Calls*

200 Mbit/s 10 000 Packets/s

(7)

SIParator® Modes are Used Together with 

Existing (non SIP Aware) Firewalls*

WAN SIParator recommended with shared data and voice IP‐pipe:

SIParator controls QoS (traffic shapes to favour voice over data)

Setup of Existing Firewall using LAN or DMZ SIParator:

Port Forward 5060

Port Forward Media Port range

* Ingate can also be used as the complete combined Data and Voice Enterprise Firewall

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8

Ingate Licenses

Capacity licenses

(9)

9

Ingate modules

Quality of Service

Remote SIP Connectivity

SIP Trunking Module

Enhanced Security Module

Additional Trunk Group (Pages)

VoIP Survival Mode

SIP Registrar

(10)

What is SIP Trunking?

IP‐PBX

Public Internet

PSTN

SIP Trunking Provider

SIP System

MPLS

Firewall

(11)

Common SIP Applications

Remote Desktop

Extending SIP communications to Remote & Home Offices.

Extension of IP‐PBX services using Open Source standardized 

Protocol

Use of off‐the‐self SIP Phones and Soft SIP Clients.

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Connectivity for Remote Users

IP-PBX

Ingate

Firewall

Dela y Dela y

Internet

Home user

Traveling user

Home NAT

Hotel NAT

802.11 Hotspot

PSTN

SIP/PSTN Gateway SIP/PSTN Gateway

(13)

13

E‐SBC

?

Evaluation and Analysis

Service Provider?

Are you technically ready?

IP‐PBX

?

(14)

Problem #1   ‐ “NAT BREAKS SIP”

SIP Protocol is an Application Layer Protocol

Network Address Translation (NAT) resides at the Transport Layer (TCP/IP)

NAT will not change the SIP addressing within the TCP/UDP datagram

Firewalls are a NATing device and BLOCK all Incoming SIP Traffic to the LAN

Any NAT device, either Far End (remote) or Near End (on prem) can effect the 

call

(15)

Common Deployment Issues

Resolution #1   ‐ “NAT BREAKS SIP”

SIP Protocol requires a SIP Proxy or Application Layer Gateway and NAT

SIP Proxy (SIP‐Aware Firewall) will correct IP Addresses and Port allocation in 

SIP Protocol from Private LAN addresses to Public WAN address.

SIP Proxy monitors all SIP Traffic IN and OUT and can apply routing rules

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Ingate Benefits ‐ “NAT BREAKS SIP”

Ingate have a SIP Proxy, SIP B2BUA and NAT working 

together

Ingate SIParator can bring enhance the SIP capabilities 

and SIP security of an existing Firewall 

Ingate can provide “Far End NAT Traversal” functionality

What Other IP‐PBXs Vendors Do

Most all IP‐PBX vendors recommend the use of some sort 

of “SIP‐Aware Firewall” for deployment

Other recommend the use of Port Forwarding, to 

forward Port 5060 and a thousand other Ports to the IP‐

PBX –

HUGE SECURITY RISK!!

(17)

Common Deployment Issues

Problem #2 – SIP Interoperability

Not all SIP is the same

• One vendors implementation may not be the same as another

• There are many SIP components and extensions that may be supported 

on one vendors equipment and not on another

• SIP Protocol is an open standard and can be left to interpretation by each 

vendor

Examples

• Use of REFER Method is not typically supported by ITSP

• Use of INVITE with Replaces Header is not typically supported by ITSP

• Some ITSPs don’t like SDP with “a=Inactive” attribute

• ENUM SIP URI Delivery is supported by some and not by others

• Various TO and FROM Header conformances

• Alternate SIP Domain routing requirements

(18)

Resolution #2 – SIP Interoperability

Testing and Development for each Vendor

• Extensive Testing and Development time devoted to each vendor integration to ensure 

complete interoperability – a huge undertaking

• Customization and Flexibility development for each Vendor integration

SIP Connect Compliance

• Adherence to SIP Forum – SIP Connect Compliance, governing body of SIP Trunking 

deployments an standards

(19)

Common Deployment Issues

Ingate Benefits – SIP Interoperability

In General,

• Can rewrite headers commonly needing changed between vendors

• Provide SIP Protocol error checking and fixes Protocol non‐conformances

• Routing Rules and Policies to direct traffic

• Contains extensive list of features devoted to SIP non‐conformances 

customization

Ingate contains a B2BUA

• Separates the call between the two parties, helping separate two 

different implementations of SIP

• Provides Client or Server User Accounts for Registration and 

Authentication

• Separate SIP Method Handling between two parties

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PBX interoperability

 Aastra A-700  Aastra Clearspan  Aastra MX-One  Aastra Pointspan  Avaya

 Cisco Call Manager  Digium/Asterisk  Fonality  HP  Innovaphone  Interactive Intelligence  Iwatsu  Microsoft  Mitel  NEC / Sphere  Nortel  Objectworld  Panasonic  Pingtel  Samsung  SER  Shoretel  Siemens

IP-PBXs

 One Communications  Paetec  Primus  Qwest  RNK Telecom  Skype  SoTel  TDC  Tele2  Telia  Toplink  Verizon  VoIP Unlimited  Windstream  Voxbone More in pipeline...  360 Networks  Airespring  AT&T  BandTel  Bandwidth.com  Bell Canada  Broadvox  Cablevision  Cbeyond  Cellip  Cordia Corporation  Earthlink Business  Excel Switching  Gamma  Global Crossing  IP-Only  Juma Networks  Level 3  Nectar  Netlogic  NetSolutions  Nexvortex  Nuvox  Acme Packet  Broadsoft  NexPoint  Sonus  Sylantro

Service providers

Carrier Equipment

Compliant with:

S   I   P      T   R   U   N   K

Ingate SIParator

®

Ingate Firewall

(21)

Common Deployment Issues

Problem #3  – SIP Security

SIP is written in clear text within the datagram of a UDP or TCP Transport.

Confidential User/SIP URI Information

• A SIP URI is like an Email Address, once someone has it, they who you are and where you 

are located.  

• The malicious person or software can send SIP Request  after SIP Request to your SIP URI.  

Some malicious uses like DoS Attacks, SPIT Attacks, Intrusion of Services, Toll Fraud, Tele‐

markers and more.

• Called and Calling Party Number Information

Private LAN Network Address Scheme

• Giving away the confidential Private IP Address scheme of the internal LAN network, gives 

malicious attackers knowledge of the internal configuration of the Enterprise.

• The Port being used on the device, gives malicious attackers where to direct traffic

Media Attributes

• Easy to see what Media is being negotiated and where its going

(22)

Common SIP Attacks

Intrusion of Services

• Devices attempting Register with a IP‐PBX in an attempt to look like an 

IP‐PBX extension and gain IP‐PBX services

• SPIT (SPAM over Internet Telephony)

Toll Fraud

• A form of an Intrusion of Service, where malicious attempts to send 

INVITEs to an IP‐PBX to gain access to PSTN Gateways and SIP Trunking 

to call the PSTN

Denial of Service

• INVITE (or any SIP Request) Flood in an attempt to slow services or 

disrupt services

• Or any UDP or TCP traffic directed at a SIP Service on SIP Ports

Indirect Security Breaches

• Private LAN IP Address and infrastructure are now made public, and 

can be used in attacks to other non‐SIP areas

(23)

Common Deployment Issues

Resolution #3 – SIP Security

Dynamic Encryption of SIP URI

• Using the SIP Specification, enforce an Encrypted SIP URI where possible

Dynamic Port Allocation

• Dynamically change ports on every call.

Hide LAN IP Address Scheme

• Apply LAN to WAN Network Address Translation within the SIP Signaling 

TLS and SRTP

• TLS Transport provides complete encryption of SIP Signaling

• SRTP provides encryption of RTP Media

IDS/IPS for SIP Protocol 

• SIP Protocol specific Intrusion Detection Systems and Intrusion Prevention 

Systems allow for monitoring and statics of all SIP Traffic, and apply rules and 

policies based on the traffic

Traffic Routing Rules and Policies

• IP Address Authentication, SIP URI Validation, and Routing Rules

(24)

Fallback and Failover Functions

24

Monitor availability of SIP servers

Failure detection and reporting

SIP traffic re-route and recovery based upon

failure

(25)

Generate CDRs

RADIUS accounting

Other SBC SIP Features

Accounting

Management

Routing

Police media bandwidth per session based upon authorized

codec

Terminate inactive session with session timers 

Ensure only authorized sessions receive correct QoS and 

resource allocation

Extensive Dial Plan

DNS (global federation)

Least cost routing (LCR) 

ENUM‐based routing 

Large local route tables for static, localized routing decisions

Codec stripping & re‐ordering

(26)

Ingate Start‐Up Tool

(27)

Ingate solutions

SIP Proxy based architecture. Aware of NATed environments 

and dynamically controlling built‐in NAT and firewall.

Additional Back to Back User Agent allows Ingate to mitigate 

any differences in the signaling

Continues tests against PBXs and service providers 

Ingate conducts frequent formal recertification testing

Ingate is committed to assuring its customers that the SIP 

signaling will be normalized 

(28)

Is it expensive? 

(29)

Possibilites with SIP

SIP Trunking

IP Centrex

(30)

IP Centrex Solutions

The Ingate E‐SBC, centrally located at the ITSP, provides:

Protection of the network

Routing and interoperability with carriers and IP‐PBXs

Far End NAT Traversal (FENT)

ITSP

PC Softphone Simple NAT/FW

Internet

FENT CDR (MOS)

Service Provider Equipment

PC Softphone Legacy Firewall Ingate SIParator CDR (MOS) QoS

Ingate SBC Firewall

SIP trunking Service Provider

(31)

References

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