Handbook - IP-20N Basic Training Course T7.9 - Copia

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COURSE HANDBOOK

Installation | Commissioning | System Configuration

FibeAir IP-20N Basic Training Course

Updated for SW Version T7.9

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FibeAir IP‐20N Ceragon Training Course

Table of Content

Intro to Radio Systems ………

005 IP‐20N Overview………..

029 Radio Frequency Units – RFUs ……….

059 First Login………...

077 Shelf Management………

085 ACM & MSE….………..……….

089 Radio Link Parameters…………..………

101 Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……….……….

107 IP‐20N XPIC Configuration……….……….

113 Service Model in IP‐20N……….……….

121 Protection System Configuration………..

145 Multi Carrier ABC………

159 Licensing………..

177 Native TDM ………

187 Configuration Management & Software Download………

205 Troubleshooting………..

219 Header De‐Duplication………

237 TCC Redundancy……….

247 Cascading Port Configuration ………..

257 Course Evaluation Form……….

263

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Version 3

Introduction to Radio Systems

October 2014

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda

2

• Radio Relay Principles

• Parameters affecting propagations:

• Dispersion

• Humidity/gas absorption

• Multipath/ducting

• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

• Rain attenuation

(6)

Digital Transmission Systems

3

RF Signal

Path Terrain f1

f1’

Radio Relay Principles

• A Radio Link requires two end stations

• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required

• Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz

(7)

High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

5

Standard frequency plan patterns

Frequency reuse:

2,4V

1,3V

1,3H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Frequency shift:

1,3V

1,3H

2,4H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Only Low stations can interfere High stations

1,3H

Tx in upper part of band

Tx in lower part of band

1,3V

Low

High

Low

High

6 Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx

(8)

Preferred site location structure

7

Proprietary and Confidential RF Tx Filter Branching_Network(*) Feeder

Z' A' B' C' D' Feeder D Branching Network(*) C B RF Rx Filter A Receiver E Demodulator Z Modulator E' RECEIVER PATH TRANSMITTER PATH Transmitter Digital Line interface Digital Line interface _Output

signal Input

signal

Radio Principal Block Diagram

(9)

RF Principals

• RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves

(EMW)

propagated through space

• EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)

• The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows

-Wave Length

• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:



300 MHz ~ 1 meter



10 GHz ~ 3 cm

9

f

c



where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

waves in vacuum (3x10

8

_m/s)

RF Principals

• We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude

using this animation

(10)

Radio Spectrum

11

Parameters Affecting Propagation

(11)

Parameters Affecting Propagation

• Dispersion

• Humidity/gas absorption

• Multipath/ducting

• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

• Rain attenuation

13

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Dispersion

• Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded

because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)

have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:

• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

• High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more

(12)

Parameters Affecting Propagation

Atmospheric Refraction

• Deflection of the beam

towards the ground due to different electrical

characteristics of the atmosphere’s is called Dielectric Constant.

• The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &

humidity

in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease

with altitude

• Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the

wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend

downwards, following the curve of earth

15

No Atmosphere

With Atmosphere

Wave in atmosphere

(13)

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Multipath

• Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver

with different amplitude or phase

• Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies

17

Direct beam

Delayed beam

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Duct

• Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:

• Remain within the duct

• Follow the curvature of the Earth

• Experience less attenuationin the ducts than they would if the ducts were not present

18

Duct Layer

Terrain

(14)

Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and

Rain

• Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters

mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)

• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.

•

As a raindrop increases in

•

size, its shape becomes more

•

oblate, with its largest cross-section facing the

•

oncoming airflow.

19

Large rain drops become Increasingly flattened on the Bottom;

very large ones are shaped like parachutes

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Rain Fading

• Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice

• Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz

• Signal quality degrades

• Represented by “dB/km” parameter which is related the rain

density which represented “mm/hr”

• Rain drops falls as flattened droplet



V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

(15)

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Rain Fading

21

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Fresnel Zone

22

Terrain

Duct Layer0

1st 2nd 3rd TX RX

1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer

3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect

beam

(16)

Parameters Affecting Propagation –

Fresnel Zone

•

Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out of phase…in the 2nd_{zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3}rd_zone,

they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on…

•

Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.

•

When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept free of obstructions.

•

In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel zone should be kept free.

23

Example: First condition

(17)

RF Link Basic Components –

Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)

25

RSSI Curve for RFU-C

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

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Proprietary and Confidential • Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is not normally possible due to poor front to back ratio.

• High performance antennas (HP)

• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using frequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.

• High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)

• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.

• Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)

• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems. • Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)

• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.

Main Parabolic Antenna Types

27

Passive Repeaters

Plane

reflector

Back-to-back

antennas

28

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Link Calculation – Basic Example

(in vacuum)

L

fs TSL

_Ga

Lfsl

Ga

Lw

Lb

Lf

RSL

RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga‐Lw‐Lb‐Lf

RSL ‐ Received Signal Level TSL – Transmitted Signal Level Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz) Lf ‐ Filter loss Lb ‐ Branching loss Lw ‐ Waveguide loss Ga – Antenna gain 29

Atmospheric attenuation

]

[

dB

d

A

a





a



Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz

Parameters in 

_a

:

 Frequency  Temperature  Air pressure  Water vapour 30

(20)

Objective examples

•

Typical objectives used in real systems

• 99.999%

• Month: 25.9 sec • Year: 5 min 12 sec

• 99.995 %

• Month: 2 min 10 sec • Year: 26 min

• 99.99%

• Month: 260 sec • Year: 51 min

• Performance requirements generally higher than Availability. • ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability

31

Modulation

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Modulation

Analog

Modulation

Digital

Modulation

AM - Amplitude modulation ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying FM - Frequency modulation FSK – Frequency Shift Keying PM – Phase modulation PSK – Phase Shift Keying

QAM – Quadrature Amplitude modulation

33

Modem 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 Modem 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 F1 F2 F1 F1 F2 F1 F1 Modem 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1800_{phase shift}

ASK modulation changes the amplitude to the analog signale.”1” and “ 0” have different amplitude.

FSKmodulation is a method of represent the two binary states ”1” and ”0” with different

spcific frequencies.

PSKmodulation changes the phase to the transmitted signal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800.

Digital modulation

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QAM Modulation

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation

(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)

• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number

of modulation states used.

• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)

alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique

modulation states

• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128

QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on

4QAM

2bits/symbol

256QAM

8bits/symbol

8QAM

3bits/symbol

512QAM

9bits/symbol

16QAM 4bits/symbol

1024QAM

10bits/symbol

32QAM 5bits/symbol

2048QAM

11bits/symbol

64QAM 6bits/symbol

128QAM 7bits/symbol

35

Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?

• This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points

in the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly

• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are

reduced

• Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol

• Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise

(23)

Constellation diagram

• In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be

selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.

Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of

interference and distortion in a signal.

37

8 QAM Modulation Example

We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110

Bit sequence Amplitude Phase (degrees)

000 1 None 001 2 None 010 1 pi/2 (90°) 011 2 pi/2 (90°) 100 1 pi (180°) 101 2 pi (180°) 110 1 3pi/2 (270°) 111 2 3pi/2 (270°)

How does constellation diagram look?

DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)

(24)

4QAM VS. 16QAM

4QAM

16QAM

39

2048 QAM

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Proprietary and Confidential 2-PSK 4-PSK 8-PSK 16-QAM 64-QAM Bandwidth Decreases Modulation Complixity Increases

Bandwidth vs. Modulation

41

Pow er Noise Signal S/N Pow er Noise S/N Signal Pow er Noise S/N Signal Pow er Noise S/N Signal • Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator

• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors

BER=10-3 BER=10-6 BER<10-13 BER≈0

Signal / Noise

42

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Proprietary and Confidential 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 -75 -72 -69 -66

Receiver input level [dBm ]

BER change ratio vs. Noise is

dependent on Noise Power distribution

and coding

BER Impact on Transmission Quality

BER

43

RSL Vs. Threshold

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000) S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz) BER>10-6 RSL (dBm) -20

-30 Nominal Input Level

-99

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise

-73 Threshold level BER=10-6

Fading Margin K – Boltzmann constant T – Temperature in Kelvin B – Bandwidth Time (s) BER>10-6 44

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Thank you

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Version 4

IP-20N Overview

November 2014

Agenda

2

• IP-20N Product Highlights

• Network topology with IP-20N

• IP-20N Overview

• 1U and 2U chassis • TCC – Traffic Control Card • RMC – Radio Modem Card • ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Card • TDM Line cards

• IVM – Inventory Module • PDC – Power Distribution Card • Fan Module and Air Filter • RFU – Radio Frequency Unit

(30)

Proprietary and Confidential IP-10C IP-10E IP-10G

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Ethernet Only

Compact All-Outdoor Terminal / Single-Carrier Nodal Terminal / Single-Carrier Nodal Aggregation

FibeAir IP-10 Product Line -

2011

Optimized for “Full GE” Multi-Carrier pipes

Ultra-high density

Optimized Solution for Any Network

3

IP-10C IP-10E

IP-10G

Optimized for “Full GE” Multi-Carrier pipes

Ultra-high density

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Optimized Solution for Any Network

Ethernet Only

FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012

(Introducing IP-20N)

Compact All-Outdoor Terminal / Single-Carrier Terminal / Single-Carrier Aggregation Nodal IP-20N Ultra-high density/modularity 4

(31)

FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

5

IP‐20

Platform

IP-20LH IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A

Available only for US & NA market IP-20N 1RU & 2RU

IP-20G

IP-20S

IP-20C IP-20E

Proprietary and Confidential 2RU chassis, Up to 10 RFUs

Full redundancy option (No SPoF) 1RU chassis, Up to 5 RFUs

FibeAir IP-20N Product Overview

6

Unified architecture with

common cards

•

Traffic/Control cards (TCC)

•

Radio interface cards (RMC)

oNon-XPIC

oXPIC

o1024 QAM

•

Line cards (LIC)

oEth – 4 x 1GE oTDM – 16 x E1/DS1 LIC – 1 x STM-1/OC3 LIC - 1 x ch STM-1 o LIC-X-E4-Elec./Opt Ultra-high flexibility/modularity

Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability

(32)

FibeAir IP-20N – Product Highlights

7

• Optimized nodal solution • Multi-Carrier ABC

•1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)

•1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)

•Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0) • Rich packet processing feature-set

• High Availability node

• Support for multi-operator scenarios

• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency • High precision, flexible packet Synchronization solution

• Best-in-class TDM migration solution using PWE3 (Circuit Emulation) • Support Ceragon’ s current and future RFUs

• Purpose built for supporting resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links scaling to GE capacity

• Future-proof with maximal investment protection

FibeAir IP-20N – Carrier Ethernet Transport

Main features

•

Flexible transport

•

Flexible service classification

•

Full E-Line, E-LAN support

•

Hierarchical QoS

•

Superb (hardware based) service level OAM and SLA assurance mechanisms

•

MSTP

•

Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8031/2)

•

Advanced L2-4 security policy (ACL) engine

•

Enhanced Multicast (IGMP-snooping)

•

ACM 4PSK – 1024 QAM

•

LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

•

LIC-STM1/OC3-RST

Future proof architecture for supporting

backhaul evolution to emerging services

(33)

Network Topology Example (Tree)

9

Network Topology Example (Ring)

(34)

IP‐20N

IP‐20G

Network Topology Example (Tree)

11 C C C C C C C 1+1 C RFU-C 2+0 1+1 C IP‐10G C C IP‐20G C C 1+0 1+0 2+0 IP‐10G C C 1+0 C 2+0 C C 1+0 IP‐20N C

IP‐20N IP‐20N Edge Router Edge Router 10GE Fiber Ring IP‐20N IP‐20N

IP‐20G IP‐20G IP‐20N

IP‐20N IP‐10G IP‐20N IP‐20N IP‐20N IP‐10G

Reference Integrated CET solution

12 IP‐20N 1+0 C C C C C C C C 4+0 Microwave Ring 1+0 C E1s Eth E1s Eth E1s Eth E1s Eth E1s Eth C C C E1s Eth E1s Eth C C E1s Eth 2+2 1+1 2+2 C C C C C C C C 1+1 C RFU-C 4+0 4+0 4+0 4+0 4+0 C 1+0 Eth C IP‐20C E1s Eth E1s Eth

(35)

IP-20N Overview

13

IP-20N – 2RU Chassis

14

10 x Universal slots for: - Radio interface cards (RMC) - Ethernet line cards (4 x GE) - TDM line cards Fans tray Filter tray (optional) 2 x Slots for power distribution cards (PDC) 2 x Slots for Main traffic and control cards (TCC)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

(36)

Slots Numbering

15

2

12

6

10

5

9

4

8

3

7

11

1 Slots Numbering starts from bottom left

2

6

5

4

3

1

50

51

51 Card types allowed per slot – 1RU

16

Slot Number

Slot Number

Allowed Card Type Notes

1 TCC 2  RMC

 Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)  Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)  TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)  TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)  3-6  RMC  TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)  TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)  TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST

(37)

Card types per slot – 2RU

17

Slot Number

Allowed Card Type Notes

1 TCC 2,12  RMC

 Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)  Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)  TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)  TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1) 3 - 10  RMC  TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)  TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)  TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST 11 TCC

Recommendations

18

It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows: • Slots 3 and 4

• Slots 5 and 6

• Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only) • Slots 9 and 10 (2RU only)

The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane between these slot pairs

For example 2+2 HSB SD configuration with XPIC: • 1+1 or 2+2 are supported in release 7.9

• When combining HSB SD and XPIC, the HSB SD protection group and the XPIC group cannot be identical. A valid combination would be:

XPIC Group #1: Slot 3 and 4 XPIC Group #2: Slot 5 and 6

Radio Protection Group #1: Slot 3 and 5 Radio Protection Group #2: Slot 4 and 6

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Traffic – Ethernet Matrix

19

Slot 7

Slot 8

Slot 9

Slot 10

Slot 3

Slot 4

Slot 5

Slot 6

TCC Slot 1

Slot 2

Slot 12

TCC Slot 11

SGMII to TCC primary SGMII to TCC backup

Supported Configurations in T7.9

20 Configuration Notes 1+0 1+0 IF Combining Requires RMC‐B and 1500HP 2+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 2+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC. 3+0 Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 4+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 4+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC. 4+0 IF Combining Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and 1500HP. 4+0 IF Combining and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and 1500HP. 5+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 6+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 7+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 8+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG. 1+1 HSB Protection 1+1 HSB Protection with BBS Space Diversity Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Protection Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space Diversity Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Protection with XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space Diversity and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Protection with IF Combining and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and 1500HP

(39)

TCC – Traffic control card

21

Traffic Control Card (TCC)

22

• Main functions:

• TCC-B – doesn’t support Multi-Carrier ABC, HSB support

• TCC-B-MC – required for Multi-Carrier ABC configurations, HSB BBS SD support •1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)

•1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)

•Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)

• Network processor with 16 ports • 10 Gbps switching capacity

• 6,25 Mpps (Mega packet per second) switching capacity • Shelf control and management

• Ethernet traffic management and switching • Clock unit

Industrial SD card 1GB class 6

Ceragon SD cards with Cera OS:

1 11

(40)

Proprietary and Confidential 23

Ethernet Switch

16 ports – 10Gbps

CPU

MNG port 1 MNG port 2

Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb) 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb) 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb) 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb) 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

Radio Card

Ethernet Card

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12

TCC Indicators & Connectors

24

Handle

SYNC

Port

External

Alarms

Port

Serial

Port

Management

Ports

Gigabit

Electrical Ports

Gigabit Optical

Ports

Handle

Activity

LED

1 11 1

(41)

TCC card – Interfaces pin out

25

RMC – Radio Modem Card

(42)

Radio Modem Cards (RMC)

27

•

RMC-A

• Based on Ceragon’s well known SoC modem • Supports up to 256QAM

• FibeAir IP-10 Series support across a link

•

RMC-B

• Based on Ceragon’s new SoC modem • Supports up to 1024QAM

• Supports XPIC and non XPIC (same Hardware) • Supports Header De-Duplication

RMC A RMC B

XPIC No Yes

Multi‐Carrier ABC No Yes

Modem type PVG modem Mars modem

Modulation 256 QAM + ACM 1024 QAM with Premium RFU + ACM

FD and SD Yes Yes

IP20 communication with

IP10 across a link Yes No

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

Radio Modem Cards (RMC) and RFUs combinations

28

Combination Multi – Carrier _ABC _{De‐ Duplication}XPIC & Header Max available _Modulation

IP‐20N communication with IP‐10 across a radio link IP‐20N communication with IP‐20G RMC‐A & RFU

standard No No 256 QAM Yes No

RMC‐A & RFU

premium No No 256 QAM Yes No

RMC‐B & RFU

standard Yes Yes 256 QAM No Yes

RMC‐B & RFU‐

premium Yes Yes 1024 QAM No Yes

2

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Radio Modem Cards (RMC-E)

29

RMC-E is used for IP-20LH with Evolution radio. This card has Radio Interface and STM-1 RST Interface

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

RMC Indicators & Connectors

30 Handle IF Connector ACT LED RFU LED LINK LED Handle

Color ACT LINK RFU

off No power No power No power

green OK, active mode Link OK no alarms RFU is OK yellow OK, standby mode Minor or warning_alarm Minor or warning_alarm

red failure Critical or major _alarm Critical or major _alarm 2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

(44)

ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards

31

Ethernet Line Interface Card

Electrical LIC-XE4-Elec

32

• LIC-XE4-Elec

• Supports 4 GBE ports (one combo)

• Works only on slots 2 and 12

• MDI/MDIX support

• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)

2 12

(45)

LIC-XE4-Elec

Indicators & Connectors

33

Handle Handle

ACT LED

Gigabit Electrical Ports

Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED

off No power Interface is disabled

Interface is disabled or the interface operates at 100BaseT mode Cable not connected, link not ok, interface is disabled green OK, no alarms the interface is enabled and link is OK (Blinking = traffic activity) Interface operates at 1000BaseT mode, Blinking means operates at 10BaseT mode Interface is enabled and link is OK, blinking means traffic activity

red Card failure or_{hardware failure} ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

SFP LED SFP Slot 2 12

Ethernet Line Interface Card

Optical LIC-XE4-Opt

34

• LIC-XE4-Opt

• Supports 4 GBE ports (firs port is combo)

• Total 4x SFP

• Works only on slots 2 and 12

• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)

2 12

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LIC-XE4-Opt

Indicators & Connectors

35

Handle Handle

ACT LED

Gigabit Optical Ports

Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED

off No power Interface is disabled

Interface is disabled or the interface operates at 100BaseT mode Cable not connected, link not ok, interface is disabled green OK, no alarms the interface is enabled and link is OK (Blinking = traffic activity) Interface operates at 1000BaseT mode, Blinking means operates at 10BaseT mode Interface is enabled and link is OK, blinking means traffic activity

red Card failure or_{hardware failure} ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

SFP LED Gigabit Electrical port 2 12

TDM Line cards

36

(47)

LIC-T16 (16xE1/DS1)

Line Interface Card

37

• TDM-LIC

• 16 E1/T1s

• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

LIC-T16 (16xE1)- Indicators & Connectors

38

Handle Handle

ACT LED

16 x E1/ DS1 Connector

E1/DS1LED

Color ACT Sync Left LED for port Sync Right LED for port E1/DS1 LED off No power The interface is disabled or no signal is being received The interface is disabled The interface is disabled green OK, no alarms Indicates whether a valid signal is being received when enabled Indicates whether the interface is configured to export a clock No alarms

red Card failure or_{hardware failure} ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms SYNC Connector

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

(48)

LIC-T16 (16xE1)

Connector and Synchronization Interface

39

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

40

• TDM-LIC

• 1 STM-1/OC3

• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option

• The 1 x ch-STM-1 interface uses an optical SFP connector.

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

(49)

TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

Indicators & Connectors

41 Handle Handle ACT LED STM-1/OC3 SFP STM-1/OC3 LED SYNC Connector

Color ACT Sync Left LED for port Sync Right LED for port STM1/OC3 off No power The interface is disabled or no signal is being received The interface is disabled The interface is disabled green OK, no alarms Indicates whether a valid signal is being received when enabled Indicates whether the interface is configured to export a clock No alarms

red Card failure or_{hardware failure} ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms 2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

TDM LIC-STM-1/OC3-RST

42 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12

(50)

Inventory Module (IVM)

43

Mandatory Cards - IVM

44

• Single card for 1RU and 2RU chassis.

• 2 x E2PROM on single board (function as 2 separated cards).

• Installed at the back of the chassis

• Holds the chassis:

• License.

• Node MAC address (48 MACs per unit).

• Serial number.

(51)

IVM – Inventory Module

45

The IVM contains pre-programmed information that defines the chassis and its slots, including:

• Module types that can be inserted into the chassis, per slot • Product and card names

• Internal MAC addresses • Serial number

• Hardware versions

• Licensed features and capacities

The IVM stores information in a 8 KB (64 kb) EEPROM. A 2RU IP-20N IVM contains two EEPROMs. If a redundant TCC configuration is used, each EEPROM is dedicated to a specific TCC

IVM

EEPROM TCC 2 EEPROM TCC 1

PDC – Power Distribution Card

(52)

Mandatory Cards – PDC

Power Distribution Card

47

• Monitors the inputs signal

• Drives the -48V signal

• Converts the -48V signal to other power levels

• Different card for 1RU chassis and 2RU chassis

• 2U chassis uses two PDC card for redundancy

• 1U chassis uses dual input for redundancy

Power Distribution Card

•

A 2RU IP-20N can use two PDC cards for redundancy. Each PDC provides 48V power to all modules in the chassis via the backplane, on different lines.

•

A diode bridge in the modules prevents power spikes and unstable power from the two power sources.

•

Voltage range: -40,5 VDC to -60 VDC

•

The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 3 Amp per link, while the maximum current rating is 9A for 1RU and 17Amp for 2RU

•

The power source must be grounded

•

If the voltage goes below 38V, the LED displays Red. When the voltage returns to -40V or higher, the Red indication goes off and the Green indication reappears.

48

(53)

Power consumption specification

49

Fans Module & Air Filter

(54)

Mandatory Cards – Fans

51

• Four fans inside the fans module

• Powered up from -48VDC from the backplane

• Different module for 1RU and 2RU chassis

Filter Tray - optional

52

• IP-20N offers a filter as optional equipment. If a filter tray is not ordered, the IP-20N chassis is delivered with a blank filter slot cover.

(55)

IP-20N Block diagram

53

IP-20N –

B

lock Diagram

(56)

Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path

55

Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path

(57)

(58)

This page was intentionally left blank.

(59)

April 2014

Radio Frequency Units

V1

1

Agenda

2

• Radio Frequency units for IP-20N

• RFU Selection Guide

• RFU-C

• 1500HP / RFU – HP

• Split Mount Configuration and Branching

• New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB

• Split Mount Configurations

(60)

Radio Frequency units

3

• Standard Power

• FibeAir RFU-C

• High Power

• FibeAir 1500HP

• FibeAir RFU-HP

•

The following RFUs can be installed in a split-mount configuration: • FibeAir RFU-C (6–42 GHz)

• FibeAir 1500HP RFU-HP (6–11 GHz) • RFU-HP (6–8 GHz)

•

The following RFUs can be installed in an all-indoor configuration: • FibeAir 1500HP/RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)

•

The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft), Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector (male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.

Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-8 GHz

3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth Low Loss Chaining QPSK-1024QAM

Reduced Power Consumption Mode (Green Mode)

Standard Power (Max 24 dbm) 6-38 GHz

3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth QPSK-1024QAM Very Compact

4

FibeAir

®

_{Radio Frequency Units}

FibeAir RFU-C

FibeAir RFU-HP -1RX

High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-11 GHz

3,5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth QPSK-1024QAM Low Loss Chaining

Dual RX with IFC (Single Rx available for 11GHz)

(61)

RFU Selection Guide

5

Character

1500HP/RFU‐HP (6 – 11 GHz) RFU‐C (6 – 42 GHz) RFU‐Ce (6 – 42 GHz) Installation Type Split Mount √ √ √ All‐Indoor √   Configuration 1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √ N+1 √   N+0 ( N>2) √   SD support √ (IFC, BBS) √ (BBS) √ (BBS) Power Saving Mode Adjustable Power _Consumption √  

Modulation QPSK to 256 QAM √ √ √

512 to 1024 QAM √  √

RFU-HP does not support 56 MHz channels.

IFC at 40MHz is supported only for the 11GHz frequency band.

RFU – C

(62)

RFU – C

6-42GHz

• Standard RFU – C

• Support up to 256 QAM modulation • RMC-A or RMC-B

• Premium RFU-Ce

• Support up to 1024 QAM modulation • RMC-B is required

• Main Features of RFU-C:

• Frequency range – Operates in the frequency range 6 – 42 GHz

• More power in a smaller package - Up to 26 dBm for extended distance, enhanced availability, use of smaller antennas

• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM • Configurable Channel Bandwidth – 3.5 MHz – 56MHz

• Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs • Supported configurations: • 1+0 – direct and remote mount • 1+1 – direct and remote mount • 2+0 – direct and remote mount • 2+2 – remote mount • 4+0 – remote mount • Efficient and easy

7

Example of RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct

(63)

Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0

Configuration

9

Switch to the circular adaptor (removing the

existing rectangular transition, swapping the O-ring, and replacing on the circular transition).

OMT Installation Example

10

(64)

1500HP / RFU–HP

11

Main Features of 1500HP/RFU-HP

• Frequency range: • 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz • 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz • RFU-HP: 6-8GHz • Frequency source – Synthesizer

• Installation type – Split mount – remote mount, all indoor (No direct mount)

• Diversity – Optional innovative IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP), as well as BBS Space Diversity (all models)

• High transmit power – Up to 33dBm in all indoor and split mount installations

• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM

• Configurable Channel Bandwidth – • 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz • 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz • 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz • RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz

• System Configurations – Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC, N+0, N+1

• XPIC and CCDP – Built-in XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Canceller) and Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) feature for double transmission capacity, and more bandwidth efficiency

• Power Saving Mode option - Enables the microwave system to automatically detect when link conditions allow it to use less power (for RFU-HP)

• Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) – Up to 20 dB dynamic range

• ATPC (Automatic Tx Power Control)

• RF Channel Selection – Via EMS/NMS

• NEBS – Level 3 NEBS compliance

(65)

1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

13

1500 HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

(66)

RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

15

HP Comparison Table

16

Feature 1500HP 2RX 1500HP 1RX RFU‐HP Notes

Frequency Bands Support 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8GHz

Channel Spacing Support Up to 30 MHz 11 GHz version for Up to 30 MHz 40 MHz

Up to 60 MHz

Split‐Mount √ √ √ All are compatible with OCBs _{from both generations} All‐Indoor √ √ √ All are compatible with ICBs Space Diversity BBS and IFC BBS BBS _{BBS ‐ Base Band Switching}IFC ‐ IF Combining

Frequency Diversity √ √ √ 1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √ N+1 √ √ √ N+0 ( N>2) √ √ √ High Power √ √ √ Remote Mount Antenna √ √ √

Power Saving Mode ‐‐ ‐‐ √ Power consumption changes _{with TX power}

(67)

Split Mount Configuration and Branching

Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

18

• Outdoor Circulator Block OCB – The Tx and the Rx path circulate together to the main OCB port. When chaining multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx signal and so on (uses S-bend section). For more details, refer to 1500HP/RFU-HP OCBs

• Indoor Circulator Block ICB – All the Tx signals are chained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all the Rx signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). The ICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna port.

(68)

19

Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

All- Indoor Vertical Branching Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact

New OCB

(69)

21

New OCB – Outdoor Circulator Block

The OCB has the following main purposes:

1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.

2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )

3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.

4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.

New OCB Components

22

• RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB, and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every configuration.

• DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB is connected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.

• Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)

• Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) • When chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) • 1+1 Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7 dB

• U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.

• S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.

• Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables fast and easy installation.

(70)

1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration

23

N+0/N+1 Configuration

(71)

2+0 XPIC

25

Split mount applications

(72)

Split mount applications 4+0

S-Bend

27

Split mount applications 4+0 SD

S-Bend

U-Bend

DCB DCB

(73)

Green Mode

Significant Power Consumption Reduction

29

•

Minimal power consumption required in 99.9% of the time

•

Green Mode enables:

• Reduction of consumed powerby automatically reducing Tx power • Quick increase in Tx Power in case of fading.

• No traffic impact Power Consumption Level Max. Tx Power (@ 128QAM) Power Consumption High 31dBm 80W Mid 27dBm 56W Low 21dBm 41W

Automatic TX Power control for optimal power

consumption

Green Mode (RFU-HP)

Significant Power Consumption Reduction

30 80W 56W 41W 31dBm 27dBm 21dBm

(74)

Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL

31

Power State

Monitored TX

Power

Consumed

power [W]

HIGH

31dBm

80 Watt

MEDIUM

27dBm

56 Watt

LOW

21dBm

41 Watt

* X<Y<Z

The radio operates in fixed and pre-defined

power-consumption states:

Transition between power states is hitless and

errorless !

Normal ATPC

32

RX: ‐41dBm

Reference level: ‐40dBm

Set “reference level”  Remote TX changes accordingly

0 dB

5 dB

15 dB

10 dB

When fading occurs, both transmitters try to

compensate for the losses by increasing

transmission power while maintaining RSL as

close as possible to the Ref. level

(75)

GREEN MODE

33

RX: ‐37dBm

Green level: ‐50dBm

Set

“Green Mode”

enable

Set

“Green RSL”

limit [dBm]

0 dB

5 dB

15 dB

10 dB

RX: ‐42dBm

Green level: ‐50dBm

RX: ‐47dBm

Green level: ‐50dBm

RX:

‐52dBm

Green level: ‐50dBm

When fading occurs, both transmitters

compare the monitored RSL with the Green

Level (Ref.). As long as RSL> Ref. there is no

need to increase the TSL.

setting the Green RSL to -50dBm doesn’t degrade fade margin, as the mechanism will increase TX power if

necessary.

GREEN MODE

34

15 dB

RX:

‐52dBm

Green level: -50dBm

RX: ‐50dBm

Green level: -50dBm

When RSL drops below the Green Ref. level,

we must increase the TSL to maintain the

fade margin and avoid low sensitivity

Set

“Green Mode”

enable

Set

“Green RSL”

limit [dBm]

setting the Green RSL to -50dBm doesn’t degrade fade margin, as the mechanism will increase TX power if

(76)

(77)

October, 2014 v2

First login

Ceragon Training Services

Agenda

2

• CLI and Web login

• General commands

• Get IP address

• Set IP address

(78)

Connecting to the Unit

3

CLI

Web/Telnet

Default Username/password is admin/admin

Baud rate = 115200

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow Control: None

IP address = 192.168.1.1

General commands

4

Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax

Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands

(79)

Get IP address

5

CLI Command:

“platform management ip show ip-address”

Changing Management IP Address

6

• CLI Command:

“platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP Address> subnet <Mask>

gateway <default gateway>”

• Example

• Web

expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set

accordingly and click Apply button

(80)

Set to default

7

• CLI Command:

“platform management set-to-default”

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!

Other CLI commands

8

• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual

• Open Index html file

(81)

Web Management

9

First Web login

10

Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24

(82)

Set to factory default

11

1

2

3

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!

IP address settings

12

1

2 – select IPv4 or IPv6

(83)

Web configuration manual

13

• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual

• Open Index html file

• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration

(84)

This page was intentionally left blank.

(85)

Version 2

Shelf Management

October 2014

Connecting to the Unit

2

CLI

Web

Default Username/password is admin/admin

IP address = 192.168.1.1

Baud rate = 115200

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow Control: None

(86)

Chassis Configuration Window

3

Navigation Tree

Configuration Area

Selection Area

Configuring the Chassis (1/2)

(87)

Configuring the Chassis (2/2)

5

Questions?

(88)

(89)

Version 3

ACM – Adaptive Coding and Modulation

MSE – Mean Square Error

November 2014

Agenda

2

• Adaptive Coding and Modulation

• Using MSE with ACM

• What is MSE?

• Link Commissioning with MSE

• Triggering ACM with MSE

• ACM Benefits

(90)

3

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

• In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality. • When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust

modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.

• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).

• During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings. • In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation

state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.

3

Hitless and Errorless switching

(91)

Using MSE with ACM

MSE - Definition

6

MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated

(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being

estimated

MSE measures the average of the squared errors:

MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs

from the quantity to be estimated.

The difference occurs because of randomness or because the

receiver does not account for information that could produce a

more accurate estimated RSL

(92)

To simplify….

7

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other

Both devices must perfectly match

Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide

We took a few of parts and measured them to see how

many can fit in….

The Errors Histogram

(Gaussian probability distribution function)

8

To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many

parts differ from the expected value

9 parts were perfectly OK

10mm 12mm 16mm 6mm 7mm

width

Quantity

3

2

3

1

9 Expected value

(93)

The difference from Expected value…

9

To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value

10mm 12mm 16mm 6mm 7mm width Quantity Error = + 6 mm Error = - 3 mm Error = + 2 mm Error = 0 mm Error = - 4 mm

Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences

10

We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,

resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:

16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away

10mm 12mm 16mm 6mm 7mm width Quantity + 6 mm = 36 -3 mm = 9 + 2 mm = 4 Error = 0 mm - 4 mm = 16