January 28

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January 28

Write in your journal:

What makes something living or non-living?

Notes on basics of life

Activity on living vs. Non- living

Notes on biogenesis and spontaneous generation

Lab: spontaneous generation!

(2)

Life’s Structure and Function

Our Journey Together!

(3)

Living vs. Non-living

 What is living? Anything that is composed of cells and carries out the important life functions

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What is Non-Living?

Not composed of cells; never carried out life functions; never alive and never will die.

(5)

What is biogenesis?

Life comes from living things:

Puppies from dogs Tadpoles from frogs

Calves from cows Maggots from flies

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What is Spontaneous Generation?

Theory that life came from non-living things.

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Redi’s Experiment

Francesco Redi (1621-1697) used the scientific method to disprove Spontaneous generation:

*three jars of meat

*Control-uncovered jar

*Variable- covered jar

*No maggots in the covered jar-why?

Conclusion: Spontaneous generation of maggots from meat does not occur; flies are the source of maggots

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Pasteur’s Experiment

(9)

Your turn to disprove Spontaneous

Generation

(10)

Color Gradients

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January 29

Check on the experiment and take observations

Classification notes Classification activity

While listening think about how Phineas’

terrible day might affect the way his brain works. Write two or three good

sentences explaining you hypothesis.

Read Aloud

Time!! Please take your

seat

promptly!

FLASHDRIVE!

Summative Tuesday Feb 4th

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Observations

When taking good observation think about the following

questions:

If there is a change in color, is it drastic like blue to green or is it subtle?

If there is an odor, is it pungent, can you describe it?

If there is something growing,

describe what you see, size, shape color!

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Review

Living

Non-living Biogenesis

Spontaneous Generation

Now lets focus on

LIVING organisms!

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Levels of Organizatio

n

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Life Functions

Provide the life functions that ALL living things have to perform in order to survive:

1. Reproduction 2. Respiration

3. Excretion (What is secretion?) 4. Digestion

5. Movement

6. Food source/Nutrients/Energy 7. Growth

8. Response/React

9.Maintaining a stable environment (homeostasis)

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Vocab

Aerobic Respiration:

requires oxygen to breakdown food,

releasing energy (ATP);

carbon dioxide and water are produced (animal and plant cells).

Anaerobic Respiration:

food is broken down in the absence of oxygen;

lactic acid and alcohol are produced (bacteria and human muscle cells).

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Life Functions

5. Movement

8. Response/React

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Vocab

Excretion: the process by which waste products of metabolism and other non- useful materials are eliminated

Secretion: the process of elaborating, releasing, and oozing chemicals, or a secreted substance from a cell or gland

Just understand there is a difference and we will usually be talking about excretion!

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Life Functions

5. Movement

8. Response/React

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Vocab

Autotroph: Produce their own food or energy.

Example: plants and algae undergo

photosynthesis to produce their own energy

Heterotroph: obtains energy from the foods it consumes, also known as a consumer

Example: Fish, insects, and Amoeba

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Life Functions

5. Movement

8. Response/React

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Vocab

Homeostasis: The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes

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What is Classification?

Categorizing organisms according to similarities, such as:

 DNA

 Endoskeleton/exoskeleton/no skeleton

 Type of reproduction

 Cell type (Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic)

 Unicellular vs. Multicellular

 Movement

 Habitat

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Carolus Linnaeus’

Classification System:

Based on common characteristics:

The heading,

species, is not capitalized!!

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Divisions of the Classification System

Currently Six Kingdoms:

(3 domains: Bacteria Archaea, Eukarya)

Prokaryotes:

1. Archaebacteria ("ancient bacteria") are described as

extremophiles -- they "love" extreme environments where no other life forms can exist.

2. Eubacteria: “true bacteria” a prokaryotic domain of life including all known pathogens.

Eukaryotes:

3. Protista: single cell with a well-defined nucleus.

4. Fungi: yeast, mold, mushrooms.

5. Plantae: multicellular autotrophs/producers.

6. Animalia: multicellular heterotrophs/consumers.

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Vocab

Prokaryote: Primitive cell type; no true

nucleus bound with a membrane. DNA is exposed; not protected with a nuclear

membrane; cell wall (bacteria).

Eukaryote: More advanced cell type;

definite nucleus/DNA material bound by a protective membrane (fungi, protists,

plants, animals).

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Classification System in Action!

Humans: Homo sapien

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primate

Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo

specie: sapien

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Another Example:

Domesticated Cat: Felis domesticus (Lion: Felis leo)

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis

specie: domesticus (leo)

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Yet Again!!!

Family Dog: Canis familaris (Wolf = Canis lupis)

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis

specie: familaris: (lupis)

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Now try to Classify this

Salp

(32)

Is it more closely

related to….?

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Salp

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Subphylum: Tunicata Class: Thaliacea

Order: Salpida Family: Salpidae

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Copepod

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthopoda Subphylum:

Crustacea

Class: Maxillopoda Order: Calanoida Family: Candaciidae

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum:

Tunicata

Class: Thaliacea Order: Salpida Family: Salpidae

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Porpita Porpita

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria Subphylum:

Medusozoa

Class: Hydrozoa Order:

Anthomeducae Family: Porpitidae

Tunicata

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Humans

Vertebrata

Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae

Tunicata

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Why is this so?

Why, in nature, do different species not interbreed, such as a lion and a tiger?