dowell produact

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Drilling Fluids

Product Data Manual

Schlumberger

The information provided in this manual is presented in good faith, but no warranty is given and Dowell assumes no liability for advice or recommendations made concerning results to be obtained from the use of any product or service. Freedom from patents of Dowell or others is not to be inferred.

The data provided in this manual are given in good faith but do not constitute a product specification.

Dowell makes concerted efforts to ensure that the products supplied worldwide meet exacting quality standards. Due to differing raw materials and manufacturing processes, some North American products are different from their European counterparts and separate product data and material safety data sheets are required. These products are identified by a “N” suffix in the chemical code and are used primarily in North America and Latin America.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

FLUID-LOSS CONTROL ADDITIVES

Rev B

June 1998

Section A3

Confidential

DUALFLO Fluid-Loss Additive (C348)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Melting Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Off-white powder - 480 to 640 kg/m3 30 to 40 lbm/ft3 Water soluble - Eyes Dust 10 to 11 (40g/l) + _{Only the principal, immediate hazards are indicated here. Complete information on health hazards, protective equipment, handling}

precautions, environmental hazards and disposal are listed in the current Material Safety Data Sheet.

INTRODUCTION DUALFLO Fluid-Loss Additive is a low viscosifying fluid-loss control polymer that can be used in all water-base systems. It is used to reduce filtrate loss and minimise dynamic filtration rate. When combined with IDVIS* viscosifier, it gives extended low end viscosity and an increase in the yield point of the fluid.

CHEMICAL NATURE An aqueous solution of sodium silicate (water glass).

OTHER PROPERTIES Solubility: Readily soluble in fresh water, sea water and concentrated brines.

Temperature stability: Stable to 150°C (300°F) in 16-hour laboratory tests in the presence of PTS 200* Temperature Stabiliser. Stable to at least 121°C (250°F) without stabilisers.

APPLICATION DUALFLO Fluid-Loss Additive is effective in all water-base systems. It can be used in fluids with a fresh water base through to salt saturated fluids/brines. It is acid soluble, non-damaging and is particularly designed for reservoir drilling. It can be used synergistically with IDVIS* to increase low end rheology and gel strengths.

TREATMENT Normal additions should be in the range of 2 to 6 lbm/bbl (5.7 to 17.1 kg/m3). DUALFLO Fluid-Loss Additive can be added rapidly to the active pit at rates of 5 to 10 minutes per sack.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

SHALE INHIBITORS AND STABILIZERS

Rev B

June 1998

Section A4

Confidential

Sodium Silicate Shale Stabilizer (C307)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Boiling Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Clear liquid, almost colourless 1.5 N/A soluble ~100 [~212]

Alkaline-may burn skin and eyes if prolonged

contact occurs

Avoid storage in galvanised

containers-evolves hydrogen

>12 neat

+ _{Only the principal, immediate hazards are indicated here. Complete information on health hazards, protective equipment, handling} precautions, environmental hazards and disposal are listed in the current Material Safety Data Sheet.

INTRODUCTION Sodium Silicate Shale Stabilizer is a water-soluble inorganic liquid used to stabilize hydratable and dispersible shales. It is designed for use in water-base fluids with a sodium or potassium chloride brine.

CHEMICAL NATURE An aqueous solution of sodium silicate (water glass).

OTHER PROPERTIES Solubility: Miscible with water in all proportions

Pour point: ~ 5°C (C307)

~ -9°C (C307W)

APPLICATION Sodium Silicate Shale Stabilizer preferentially reacts with clay surfaces, minimising shale hydration. It protects hydratable and dispersible shales, minimizing drilling problems and stabilizing the cuttings and the wellbore. Sodium Silicate Shale Stabiliser is suitable for many applications where oil or synthetic base muds are currently used and is the most inhibitive water based alternative available in the industry.

Sodium Silicate Shale Stabilizer (and its reaction products) on discharge is, in offshore locations, environmentally benign. Thus cuttings and waste fluid can be discharged safely to the marine environment.

The product is easily transported in bulk and is readily pumpable even at low temperatures. A winterised version of the product, C307W, with a lowered pour point, is available for use in colder climates.

If sea water is used to prepare a fluid incorporating Sodium Silicate Shale Stabiliser, it must be pre-treated with soda ash and the pH raised to treat out calcium and magnesium. The product should not be utilised for drilling fluid applications greater than 110°C (230°F).

TREATMENT Sodium Silicate Shale Stabilizer is effective at concentrations of 5 to 12% (vol/vol) of the liquid phase.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

CORROSION CONTROL ADDITIVES

AND H

2

S SCAVENGERS

Rev B

June 1998

Section A6

Confidential

IDFILM 220X Corrosion Inhibitor (C200N)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH

Dark liquid 1.10 N/A Soluble in water 152

[305]

None None 12

(neat) + _{Only the principal, immediate hazards are indicated here. Complete information on health hazards, protective equipment, handling}

INTRODUCTION IDFILM* 220X Corrosion Inhibitor (C200N) protects steel from attack by dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide gas. It can be used in all types of water-base drilling fluids and in completion brines. It is stable to temperatures up to 180°C (356°F).

CHEMICAL NATURE Ethoxylated amine

OTHER PROPERTIES Viscosity at 20°C: 40 cSt at 100°F (38°F)

Pour point: -20°C (-4°F)

Solubility: Soluble at 1% concentration in fresh water, sea water and in sodium chloride and calcium chloride brines.

APPLICATION IDFILM 220X Corrosion Inhibitor is recommended for drilling, completion, workover and packer fluids. It is strongly attracted to metal surfaces, forming an impermeable layer that protects the steel from attack by dissolved gases.

Many inhibitors are insoluble in brine or cloud out when the temperature or pH is increased. If the brine is in contact with the production formation, these “clouded-out” inhibitors can produce a messy emulsion block and may also change the wettability of the reservoir rocks. This can produce a permanent reduction in formation permeability. IDFILM 220X Corrosion Inhibitor remains soluble, and hence no adverse effects of formation damage.

TREATMENT IDFILM 220X Corrosion Inhibitor should be added at 0.5 to 1.0% (vol/vol) depending on the severity of corrosion expected.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

CORROSION CONTROL ADDITIVES

AND H

2

S SCAVENGERS

Rev B

June 1998

Section A6

Confidential

IDFILM 820X Corrosion Inhibitor (C203N)

Yellow liquid 1.02 to 1.05 N/A Soluble in

water

29 [85]

Eyes, skin, inhalation

Reactive with strong acids, alkalis and

oxidizing agents

9.5 to 10.5 + _{Only the principal, immediate hazards are indicated here. Complete information on health hazards, protective equipment, handling}

INTRODUCTION IDFILM* 820X Corrosion Inhibitor is a combined corrosion inhibitor and oxygen scavenger that protects steel from attack by dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide gas. IDFILM 820X Corrosion Inhibitor also prevents bacterial growth. The inhibitor is soluble in sodium chloride and calcium chloride brines and will not be clouded out when the temperature is raised.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of amines and quaternary amine with bisulfite scavenger and solvent.

OTHER PROPERTIES Viscosity at 20°C: 10 to 30 cp Pour point: -34°C (-30°F)

Solubility: Completely soluble at 1% concentration in fresh water and sea water, and in sodium chloride and calcium chloride brines.

APPLICATION IDFILM 820X Corrosion Inhibitor is recommended as a useful, one-drum product for completion, workover and packer fluids where complete solubility of the inhibitors is desired.

It contains inhibitors that are strongly attracted to metal surfaces, forming an impermeable layer that protects the steel from attack by dissolved gases.

Many inhibitors are soluble in brine or cloud out when the temperature or pH value is increased. If the brine is in contact with the production formation, these “clouded-out” inhibitors can produce a messy emulsion block and may also change the wettability of the reservoir rocks. This can produce a permanent reduction in formation permeability. IDFILM 820X Corrosion Inhibitor remains soluble, and hence has no adverse effects on formation damage.

TREATMENT IDFILM 820X Corrosion Inhibitor should be added at 0.5 to 2.0% (vol/vol) depending on the brine composition and temperature.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

INTERDRILL DEFLOC Thinner (C263N)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Viscous, amber liquid

1.02 N/A Oil soluble 42

[107]

Fire N/A

INTRODUCTION INTERDRILL* DEFLOC Thinner is an extremely effective viscosity reducing agent for all oil-base drilling fluids. It is effective at low concentrations and does not have any marked effect on stability or filtration properties.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of organic sulfonate in organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Pour point: <10°F (-12°C)

APPLICATION INTERDRILL DEFLOC Thinner is used to reduce viscosity and gels in invert muds. It is particularly effective in highly weighted fluids and fluids with a high degree of solids contamination. Other properties such as fluid loss and electrical stability are not substantially affected.

TREATMENT INTERDRILL DEFLOC Thinner is normally added at 0.5 to 2.0 lbm/bbl (0.06 to 0.24 gal/bbl or 1.4 to 5.6 l/m³). Pilot testing is advised in order that over-treatment is avoided. Additions are recommended prior to logging and casing. The reduction in viscosity achieved will facilitate wireline operations and reduce the pressure surges when running pipe, thus reducing the chances of lost circulation.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

INTERDRILL EMUL Emulsifier (C264N)

Amber liquid 0.93 to 0.95 N/A Dispersible in

oil 191 [375] Eyes, skin, inhalation None N/A

INTRODUCTION INTERDRILL* EMUL Emulsifier is used as a primary emulsifier for the INTERDRILL System in conjunction with INTERDRILL FL. It may also be used as a high temperature thinner.

CHEMICAL NATURE Long-chain fatty acid.

OTHER PROPERTIES Pour point: -12 to -15°C (5 to 10°F)

APPLICATION INTERDRILL EMUL Emulsifier is a concentrated product that is readily dispersible in oil. It is used as a primary emulsifier for the INTERDRILL system in conjunction with INTERDRILL FL EMULSIFIER. This combination forms strong emulsions with high voltage stability and is extremely economic. INTERDRILL EMUL Emulsifier is stable to temperatures of up to 205°C (400°F) in field operations.

INTERDRILL EMUL may also be used to control viscosity in high temperature oil mud systems, where INTERDRILL EMUL HT Emulsifier is used.

TREATMENT As a primary emulsifier

Additions of 3-5 lbm/bbl (0.38 to 0.64 gal/bbl or 9.1 to 15.2 l/m³) are normally used in conjunction with 4-6 lbm/bbl of INTERDRILL FL Emulsifier.

As a high temperature thinner

Additions ranging from 1 to 3 lbm/bbl (0.13 to 0.38 gal/bbl or 3 to 9.1 l/m³) are usually sufficient.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

INTERDRILL FL Emulsifier (C267N)

Dark brown liquid 0.89 N/A Dispersible in

oil 18 [65] Eyes, skin, inhalation Fire N/A

INTRODUCTION INTERDRILL* FL Emulsifier is a secondary emulsion stabilizer and fluid-loss reducer for use in the INTERDRILL system.

CHEMICAL NATURE Formulated blend of polymerized amides in organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Freezing point: -5°C (23°F)

APPLICATION INTERDRILL FL Emulsifier is used as an emulsion stabilizer and fluid-loss reducer in the INTERDRILL system. Together with INTERDRILL EMUL or EMUL HT Emulsifiers, it provides a comprehensive package giving high-voltage stability and low fluid-loss properties.

TREATMENT Additions ranging from 3 to 5 lbm/bbl (0.4 to 0.67 gal/bbl or 9.6 to 16 l/m³) are usually sufficient. Higher concentrations enable the system to be run without a separate colloidal fluid-loss additive, providing the bottomhole temperature remains below 150°C (300°F).

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

INTERDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C275N)

Dark brown, viscous liquid

0.90 to 0.93 N/A Oil soluble 11

[52]

Fire —

INTRODUCTION INTERDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C275N) is used as a wetting agent and rheology stabilizer for the INTERDRILL oil base mud system.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of fatty amide salts in organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Pour point: -28°C (-18°F).

APPLICATION INTERDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C275N) acts as a rheology stabilizer and secondary emulsifier for the INTERDRILL system. It effectively ensures that all solids are properly dispersed in the oil phase. It is used in conjunction with INTERDRILL EMUL HT emulsifier to provide stable emulsions with high stability and tight fluid-loss control. INTERDRILL OW Oil-wetting agent (C275N) does not interfere with the functioning of organophilic clay viscosifiers and is not a thinner.

TREATMENT Typical addition levels are 0.5 to 2.0 lbm/bbl (0.07 to 0.26 gal/bbl or 1.5 to 6.2 l/m³). INTERDRILL OW is used as a standard component of the system and not simply as a treatment chemical. Additions are normally related to mud weight, with the higher concentrations used in the heavier systems. Pretreatment with INTERDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C275N) is recommended before weighting up.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

TRUMUL Emulsifier (C220N)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Dark red/brown liquid 0.92 to 0.95 N/A Dispersible in oil 28 [83] Eyes, skin, inhalation Fire N/A

INTRODUCTION TRUMUL* Emulsifier is used in the TRUDRILL* system. It helps to maintain all solids in an oil-wet state and also protects the system from water contamination.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of modified fatty acids and polyamide derivative with organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Pour point: below -15°C (5°F).

APPLICATION TRUMUL Emulsifier is an integral part of the TRUDRILL system and must be added to ensure that all solids remain properly dispersed in the oil phase and that any contaminating water becomes emulsified. The use of TRUSPERSE Wetting Agent is also required to complete the stabilization package. The TRUDRILL system can be used either as a minimum surfactant reservoir drilling fluid or as an alternative to regular invert emulsion drilling fluids for special applications such as drilling complex salt formations or other formations that are extremely water sensitive and where use of regular invert muds may not be successful.

TREATMENT The TRUDRILL system is run at very high oil/water ratios (normally 95/5 to 100/0) so the amount of emulsifier needed is less than in comparable inverts.

Reservoir drilling fluid application

The normal treatment level is 0.5 to 1.0 lbm/bbl (0.65 to 1.3 gal/bbl or 1.6 to 3.2 l/m³). This should be increased if water contamination occurs. The concentration should be the minimum required for mud stability.

Other drilling applications

The normal treatment level is 1.0 to 3.0 lbm/bbl (1.3 to 3.9 gal/bbl or 3.2 to 9.5 l/m³).

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

TRUSPERSE Wetting Agent (C224N)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Dark brown liquid 0.90 to 0.93 N/A Dispersible in oil 11 [52] Eyes, skin, inhalation Fire N/A

INTRODUCTION TRUSPERSE* Wetting Agent is an emulsifier and oil-wetting agent for the TRUDRILL* system. It ensures that barite and all drilled solids remain properly dispersed in the oil phase.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of fatty amide salts in organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Freezing point: -28°C (-18°F).

APPLICATION TRUSPERSE Wetting Agent effectively displaces water from mineral surfaces and deposits an oil film. This eliminates any water-wet solids present in the TRUDRILL system and helps to emulsify any contaminating water. It also stabilizes viscosity and contributes towards control of fluid loss. The TRUDRILL system can be used either as a minimum surfactant reservoir drilling fluid or as an alternative to regular invert emulsion drilling fluids for special applications such as drilling complex salt formations or other formations that are extremely water sensitive and where use of regular invert muds may not be successful.

TREATMENT Reservoir drilling fluid application

Typical addition is 0.25 to 1.0 lbm/bbl (0.33 to 1.3 gal/bbl or 0.78 to 3.1 l/m³) or as required by mud weight and solids content.

Other drilling applications

Typical addition is 0.5 to 2.0 lbm/bbl (0.65 to 2.6 gal/bbl or 1.55 to 6.2 l/m³) or as required by mud weight and solids content. The higher concentrations may be necessary if low HTHP fluid loss is desired.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section B1

Confidential

TRUDRILL DEFLOC Thinner (C193)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Viscous, amber liquid

1.02 N/A Oil soluble 42

[108]

Fire N/A

INTRODUCTION TRUDRILL* DEFLOC Thinner is an extremely effective viscosity reducing agent for TRUDRILL 100% oil-base drilling fluids. It is effective at low concentrations and does not have any marked effect on stability or filtration properties.

CHEMICAL NATURE Blend of organic sulfonate and amine derivatives in organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Pour point: <100F (-120C)

APPLICATION TRUDRILL DEFLOC Thinner is used to reduce viscosity and gels in TRUDRILL 100% oil-base muds. It is particularly effective in highly weighted fluids, or fluids with a high degree of solids contamination. Other properties such as fluid loss and electrical stability are not substantially affected.

TREATMENT TRUDRILL DEFLOC Thinner is normally added at 0.5 to 2.0 lbm/bbl (0.06 to 0.24 gal/bbl or 1.4 to 5.6 l/m³). Pilot testing is advised in order that over-treatment is avoided. The product is not normally added while driling. Major reductions in rheology are sought when the product is utilised. Additions are recommended prior to logging and casing. The reduction in viscosity achieved will facilitate wireline operations and reduce the pressure surges when running pipe, thus reducing the chances of lost circulation.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

SYNTHETIC-BASE FLUIDS

Rev B

June 1998

Section C1

Confidential

ULTIDRILL E Base Fluid (C500)

Pale yellow liquid 0.85 N/A Insoluble

in water >150 [>302] Eyes, skin, inhalation None N/A

INTRODUCTION ULTIDRILL E Base Fluid is a biodegradable ester and forms the continuous phase of the ULTIDRILL E system.

CHEMICAL NATURE Ester of a naturally occurring fatty acid.

OTHER PROPERTIES Kinematic viscosity: 5.0 cstk at 40°C (104°F) Pour point: Below -15°C (5°F)

APPLICATION ULTIDRILL E Base Fluid forms the continuous phase of the ULTIDRILL E invert emulsion system. The fluid is highly biodegradable under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and exhibits low marine toxicity. It is not suitable for extreme temperature or pressure conditions. The maximum temperature stability is 300°F (149°C).

TREATMENT The normal concentration will be 65 to 95% of the final volume of the mud.

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

SYNTHETIC-BASE FLUIDS

Rev B

June 1998

Section C1

Confidential

ULTIDRILL IOB Base Fluid (B106)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Clear colorless liquid

0.785 N/A Oil soluble >113

[>235]

None N/A

INTRODUCTION ULTIDRILL IOB Base Fluid is a biodegradable olefin blend and forms the continuous phase of the ULTIDRILL IOB system.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of internal and linear olefins.

OTHER PROPERTIES Kinematic viscosity: 2.55 to 2.70 cstk, typical 2.63 cstk at 40°C (104°F). Pour point: Maximum -9°C (16°F), typical <-12°C (<10°F).

APPLICATION ULTIDRILL IOB Base Fluid forms the continuous phase of the ULTIDRILL IOB invert emulsion system. The fluid is readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and exhibits low marine toxicity. ULTIDRILL IOB Base Fluid provides excellent properties for HPHT and deepwater wells and also extreme temperature or pressure conditions. It is stable at temperatures greater than 400°F (204°C).

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

SYNTHETIC-BASE FLUIDS

Rev B

June 1998

Section C1

Confidential

ULTIDRILL P Base Fluid (C600)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Clear colorless liquid

0.76 N/A Oil soluble >96

[>205]

None N/A

INTRODUCTION ULTIDRILL P Base Fluid is a synthetic organic liquid and forms the continuous phase of the ULTIDRILL P system.

CHEMICAL NATURE Synthetic paraffin

OTHER PROPERTIES Kinematic viscosity: 1.5 to 2.5 cstk at 40°C (104°F)

Pour point: Maximum -6°C (21°F), typical <-9°C (16°F)

APPLICATION ULTIDRILL P Base Fluid forms the continuous phase of the ULTIDRILL P invert emulsion system. The fluid is biodegradable under aerobic conditions and exhibits low marine toxicity. It is suitable for deep water, HPHT and extreme temperature or pressure conditions. ULTIDRILL P Base Fluid is stable to at least 400°F (204°C).

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DRILLING FLUIDS PRODUCT DATA

EMULSIFIERS/WETTING AGENTS

Rev B

June 1998

Section C2

Confidential

ULTIDRILL OW Oil Wetting Agent (C384N)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS Form Specific Gravity Bulk Density Solubility Flash Point (°C [°F]) Health Hazard+ Physical Hazard+ pH Dark brown, viscous liquid

0.90 - 0.93 N/A Oil soluble, 12

[54]

Fire —

INTRODUCTION ULTIDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C384N) is used as a wetting agent and rheology stabilizer for the ULTIDRILL oil-base mud system.

CHEMICAL NATURE A blend of polyamide in organic solvents.

OTHER PROPERTIES Freezing point: 0°C (32°F)

APPLICATION ULTIDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C384N) acts as a rheology stabilizer and secondary emulsifier for the ULTIDRILL systems. It effectively ensures that all solids are properly dispersed in the oil phase. It is used in conjunction with ULTIDRILL EMUL HT emulsifier to provide stable emulsions with high stability and tight fluid-loss control. ULTIDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C384N) does not interfere with the functioning of organophilic clay viscosifiers and is not a thinner.

TREATMENT Typical treatment levels are 0.5 to 2.0 lbm/bbl (0.07 to 0.26 gal/bbl or 1.5 to 6.2 l/m³). Typical addition levels are 0.5 to 2.0 lbm/bbl (0.07 to 0.26 gal/bbl or 1.5 to 6.2 l/m³). ULTIDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C384N) is used as a standard component of the system and not simply as a treatment chemical. Additions are normally related to mud weight, with the higher concentrations used in the heavier systems. Pre-treatment with ULTIDRILL OW Oil-Wetting Agent (C384N) is recommended before weighting up.

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