CONTENTS
1. GENERAL 4
1.1. Scope and field of application 4
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 5
3. DEFINITIONS 6
3.1. Stress supports 6
3.2. Non-stress supports 6
3.3. Standard and special supports 6
3.4. Large size supports 6
4. CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SUPPORT SYSTEMS 7
4.1. General criteria 7
4.2. Stress supports design 8
4.3. Non-stress supports design 9
4.4. Positioning the supports 12
4.5. Support shoes and saddles for horizontal pipes 13
4.6. Support saddles for vertical pipes 13
4.7. Supports for Cupro-Nickel piping 14
4.8. Supports for fiberglass piping 14
4.9. Supports for cryogenic piping 14
4.10. Control valve assemblies and by-passes 16 4.11. Supports on steel and reinforced concrete structures 16 4.12. Stubs for attachment of supports on elbows 16 4.13. Attachments for piping supports on pressure vessels 16
4.14. Posts and portals 17
5.6. References 20
APPENDIX A 1
Maximum permissible spans for non-metallic piping 1
APPENDIX B 1
Guide locations 1
APPENDIX C 1
Support requirements for piping at exchangers 1
APPENDIX D 1
Identification of supports on model 1
APPENDIX E 1
Identification of supports on piping arrangement drawings 1
APPENDIX F 1
Identification of supports on isometric drawings 1
APPENDIX G 1
Maximum permissible spans for Cupro-Nickel piping 1
APPENDIX H 1
1. GENERAL
1.1. Scope and field of application
The purpose of this design practice is to define the general criteria for the design of piping supports, identify reference documents and outline the general rules for the numbering and coding of pipe supports.
This practice applies to piping in petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, power stations, marine terminals and off-shore platforms.
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
ASME B 31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
ASME B 31.1 Power Piping (when expressly requested)
BSI BS.5500 Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels
STD.TP.SUP.5920/21 Supports standardisation
STD.TP.SUP.5923 PTFE slide plates for supports requiring a low coefficient of friction
STD.TB.SUP.5069 Vertical & horizontal extensions for pipe support connections
SPC.TP.SUP.0601 General specification for prefabrication of steel supports for piping
SPC.TB.SUP.0602 General specification for spring supports
PRG.TP.SLP.1006 Guide to sleepers layout plot plan preparation and dimensioning criteria
IST.IP.MAP.0561 Instructions for local piping applications
3. DEFINITIONS
3.1. Stress supports
Stress supports are those whose function and positioning are chosen on the basis of the flexibility requirements of the piping.
Spring supports, stops, anchors, supports on PTFE and saddles for large-diameter piping are to be considered as stress supports.
3.2. Non-stress supports
Non-stress supports are those that are positioned and chosen not on the basis of the flexibility requirements, but with the purpose of maintaining the stresses due to the piping’s own weight and any external loads, within the limit sets in the reference standards.
Supports or hangers to limit the sag of the piping, guides to keep the piping in its pipe-way, auxiliary supports for maintenance are considered as non-stress supports.
3.3. Standard and special supports
3.3.1. All supports that can be coded in accordance with STD.TP.SUP.5920 are defined as standard supports.
3.3.2. All supports that cannot be coded in accordance with STD.TP.SUP.5920 either wholly or partially, are defined as special supports.
3.4. Large size supports
Can consist of structures, posts, frames and structure extensions. Can be constructed:
a) as standard parts in accordance with STD.TP.SUP.5920/21; b) as special supports.
When these supports largely consist of other structures or are structures which require more than two foundations or are used repeatedly (e.g. posts for blow down headers in the offsites), it is established for each individual project, whether they are to be considered as steel structures rather than piping supports.
4. CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SUPPORT SYSTEMS
4.1. General criteria
4.1.1. Aim
The detailed design consists of the selection and positioning of simple of compound supports, normally the standard type, with the aim of:
a) creating a system of constraints for each piping system in accordance with the stress requirements;
b) keeping the stresses due to own weight and external loads within the reference standards limits;
c) avoiding excessive distance between the supports that cause excessive stress in the piping or creating pockets which, in some cases, could be hazardous because of localised corrosion or condensate flash that could lead to phenomena such as water hammer;
d) avoid piping subject to vibration being in resonance with the excitant;
e) distribute the loads due to the weight of the piping so as to avoid putting excessive local stress on the structures.
4.1.2. Design loads
The loads to be carried by the supports are calculated taking into account all the applicable components listed below:
4.1.2.1. Fluid mass calculated on the basis of the following densities:
a) gas/steam/air : 0 b) water : 1.0
c) other liquids : density of the liquid.
4.1.2.2. Concentrated loads due to the opening of safety valves.
4.1.2.3. Insulation mass calculated according to the density of each type of insulation.
4.1.2.4. All calculated loads due to thermal expansions.
4.1.2.5. Overloads due to any water hammer phenomena.
4.1.2.6. Overloads due to earthquake, assuming a corrective factor in the piping’s own mass.
4.1.2.8. Overall mass of piping in hydraulic test conditions, i.e. full of water.
In this case, however, the loads due to wind and earthquake should not be considered.
The load due to the hydraulic test is not applied to the supports for lines subject to pneumatic test.
4.2. Stress supports design
The detailed design of the stress supports must be developed giving full consideration to the stress requirements.
These requirements are expressed either on the layout studies or on the plastic and computerised models by means of relevant symbols (see appendix D).
4.2.1. Spring supports
For spring supports, both variable load and constant load type, the design specifications must be entered in forms DAT.TP.SUP.0654 or 0655 respectively, filling in all parts of the forms.
When short delivery times are demanded, these forms must be completed in two successive stages. In the first, which allows the issue of the purchase order, only the information needed to identify the type of and quantity of springs are specified and, in a second stage, all the dimensions for the construction of all the accessories (bolts, tie rods, forks, pins, etc.) are added.
4.2.1.1. The characteristics of each spring supports, such as operating load and the operating range must comply with the stress calculations.
4.2.1.2. Variable load supports, are selected on the basis of the permissible load variation. The load variation, expressed as a percentage, is given by the following formula:
V
=
Cm Ce
−
×
Ce
100
where: Cm = Erection load Ce = Operating load
4.2.1.3. For load variations of max. ± 15% variable load type supports are used. For load variations greater than ± 15% constant load type supports are used.
4.2.1.4. Constant load type supports must be chosen with a total range that is 20÷30% greater then the stress analysis requirement and, in any case, the difference between total range and theoretical range must never be less than 20 mm.
4.2.3. PTFE slide plates for exchangers and horizontal vessels
If, for piping stress analysis reasons, the equipment needs to slide on low fiction support plates, a detailed drawing must be drafted quickly for the correct erection of the equipment and, if necessary, for the modification of the saddle of the equipment itself.
4.2.4. Hydraulic shock absorbers
When the stress analysis require the use of hydraulic shock absorbers, the necessary details for deciding on the type of shock absorber must be provided, these being:
a) erection length;
b) actual range required to allow the free thermal expansion; c) the dynamic load that has to be contained;
d) the frequency range in which the shock absorber has to work effectively.
4.2.5. Anchor sleepers
When fixed points are required for piping on sleepers, anchor sleepers shall be provided and sized in accordance with design practice PRG.TP.SLP.1006.
4.3. Non-stress supports design
Although supports for all lines have to be designed taking account of thermal expansion and external movements, guidelines for typical cases and the most frequently occurring situations are given below.
Also, the requirements of “Notes on the selection of standard supports” (STD.TP.SUP.5920) must be adhered to.
A non-stress-support system must be designed in accordance with the requirements of the individual project.
4.3.1. Horizontal piping on pipe-racks or pipe-ways
The support design must include:
a) guides on straight runs, positioned as per appendix B;
b) maximum distance between supports as per appendix A, G, H;
c) intermediate support, attached to adjacent piping, for single pipes with a permissible span that is less than the distance between two consecutive supports.
The adjacent pipe chosen as a supporting pipe must be of a diameter at least three sizes greater than that of a supported pipe, and never less than 4”.
EXAMPLES:
SUPPORTED PIPE DN 1/2” 2” 3”
SUPPORTING PIPE DN 4” 6” 8”
Exceptions will be allowed only after a stress and deflection check of the supporting pipe; d) reinforcing plates of saddles for non-insulated pipes at the support points for loads greater than
those given in the general notes in standard STD.TP.SUP.5920 table 1.1.1.8.a “Allowable loads for non-reinforced pipes on 20 mm diameter rods”.
4.3.2. Piping on columns or vertical vessels
The stress requirements for supports and guides must be incorporated as follows:
a) The first support must be as close as possible to the nozzle. If there is a horizontal spool immediately adjacent to the nozzle, the support is to be positioned close to the top of the vertical run;
b) the guides along the vertical run are spaced as indicated in table 4.3.2.a;
c) ease of erection is also taken into account when planning the positioning and spacing of the guides, wherever possible grouping the guides for a number of pipes at a common elevation (the same applies to columns with reinforcing rings, with the guides being positioned on the rings to avoid the necessity of welding on the shell);
d) for large diameter piping (= 16”), there are no set standard distances between the guides, as the support system is generally based on stress requirements.
Diameter
2”
3” ÷ 4”
6” ÷ 8”
10” ÷ 14”
Distance between
guides (meters)
3 ÷ 4
4 ÷ 6
6 ÷ 8
8 ÷ 10
Table 4.3.2.a
4.3.3. Piping connected to centrifugal pumps, turbines, axial or centrifugal compressors
The main requirement for support for these lines is to protect the machines from excessive loads due to thermal expansion and piping mass. Support design therefore, must reflect the stress requirements. The following general requirements must also be met:
a) it must be possible to adjust the support system in the setting up operations. The first support before each nozzle must be of adjustable type, with a low friction slide plate (PTFE);
c) the ground supports and foundation plinths must not interfere with the floor drains, with underground cables or piping (if the loads are significant) or with the equipment foundations. If interference does occur each individual case must be resolved with the Civil Engineer;
d) The supports must be positioned in such a way to allow the dismantling of the piping for maintenance or removal, and to allow the installation and dismantling of temporary strainers without having to install extra supports.
4.3.4. Piping connected to reciprocating pumps and compressors
As well as providing support, the support must also limit the stresses on the piping to acceptable levels; not only stresses derived from vibrations transmitted by the machine, but also those derived from the mechanical vibrations induced by the pressure pulses.
Thus, the supporting structures need to be designed for both static and dynamic loads.
The support design must be such that it’s natural frequency is at least 1.5 times that of the highest excitant harmonic, having an internal fluid pressure pulse amplitude of not greater than 1% peak to peak and never less than 2.5 times the natural frequency of the machine.
Although the study of these supports must always be verified with a calculation of the natural frequencies, individual supports must be:
a) as independent as possible and with individual foundations, to avoid the transmission of vibrations to other components in the plant;
b) study and rigid and with foundations of adequate mass (in relation to the loads to which they are subjected);
c) constructed in such a way as to ensure that their components parts are subject to tension and compression stresses only, and not to bending stresses;
d) the guides must be designed with zero clearance. This can be achieved with the use of adjustable devices and/or with the insertion of ductile material such as ARMCO iron between the support and the pipe, in order to allow the necessary movements of the piping due to expansion, and to reduce vibration.
4.3.5. Piping connected to heaters
As well as complying with stress requirements, the following general requirements must be considered:
a) supports adjacent to the nozzles, if an anchor has not been provided by the manufacturer, must not restrict the expansion of the coil, as predicted in the stress calculations;
b) the supports must minimise the piping mass loads on the nozzle in all cases, unless otherwise agreed with the Heater Engineer;
c) where spectacle blinds or isolating joints are inserted, both the upstream and downstream piping spool must be permanently supported;
d) the support must not obstruct walkways and service platforms.
4.3.6. Piping connected to air-coolers
The support design must meet the following requirements:
a) it must conform with the stress requirements in order to avoid loads greater that the permissible levels of each nozzle;
b) it must permit the dismantling of each element of the air-cooler without having to disassemble parts of the supports or to put up temporary supports;
c) when one or more supports uprights need to be placed between the various bundles of the air-cooler, the cooler manufacturer must be notified so that the necessary spaces can be left.
4.3.7. Piping connected to exchangers
The typical sketches given in appendix C show how the first support must be positioned with respect to the nozzle, if the piping is not self-supporting and does not require stress supports. The support must not prevent the disconnection of the line and/or the replacement of the gasket on the flanged joint.
4.4. Positioning the supports
4.4.1. Ground supports
Supports must be positioned so that they do not restrict access to equipment and do not obstruct routine maintenance and plant access. The following must be avoided:
a) the use of posts in the area covered by the pipe-rack;
b) the use of supports which require foundations in the vicinity of underground piping or electric cables;
c) the use of supports standing on the coverings to trenches except for in exceptional circumstances or for limited loads and without blocking access to the interior of the trench.
4.4.2. Supports on walkways
Any support on walkways must not restrict the normal passage on the walkways and must allow a minimum overhead height of 2200 mm.
4.5. Support shoes and saddles for horizontal pipes
4.5.1. Minimum required length
Normally, the support shoes or saddles are mounted in the centre of the support.
The length must be at least twice the axial movement of the piping plus 100 mm, and not less than 300 mm.
4.5.2. Non-aligned mounting of shoes and saddles
If, with reference to the previous paragraph, the length of the shoe or saddle is greater than 500 mm, the shoe or saddle can be mounted out of alignment with the support axis.
This is necessary when the axial movement of the piping is greater than 200 mm.
4.5.3. Shoes not welded to the piping
For metallic piping of diameter up to 24” in material other than carbon steel, shoes fastened with clamps can be used in order to minimise erection costs by avoiding welding. The use of this type of shoe, however must be specified for each project.
4.5.4. Saddle sizing
4.5.4.1. For all piping of diameter greater than 40”, either insulated or not, saddles shall be used that are capable of bearing the mass acting on the support. For these saddles, the local stresses, both in the pipe shell and saddle itself, must be checked. The BSI BS.5500 method or equivalent can be used for the calculations.
The check must be carried out in what are assumed to be the most severe conditions (hydraulic test, if requested, and/or operating conditions with the expected corroded thickness of the pipe).
4.5.4.2. For all insulated piping, of diameter from 20” to 40” inclusive, saddles capable of bearing the load acting on the support are to be used in all cases where the load exceeds the limits in STD.TP.SUP.5920.
The checking method is the same as in the previous point.
4.5.5. Reinforcing plates and saddles for bare piping
For bare piping, reinforcing plates and saddles must be used in all cases listed in STD.TP.SUP.5920. The lengths of the plates and saddles must conform to paragraphs 4.5.1. and 4.5.2. above.
4.6. Support saddles for vertical pipes
For vertical pipes of diameter 30” or more, both insulated or not, saddles and reinforcements capable of bearing the load acting on the saddle are to be used.
4.7. Supports for Cupro-Nickel piping
4.7.1. Galvanic protection
In order to avoid galvanic corrosion, cupro-nickel piping must have bolted supports, with a layer of neoprene or similar material between support clamp and pipe, to prevent direct contact.
4.8. Supports for fiberglass piping
4.8.1. Protection against local damages
The supports used for this piping are normally the bolted type, with a layer of neoprene or similar material between support clamp and pipe, in order to avoid any damage that may be caused to the pipe by tightening the clamp.
4.8.2. Maximum distance between horizontal supports is specified in appendix A.
4.8.3. Supports (usually the type that bolts on to the flange) must be fitted in the vicinity of all valves, so that the mass of the valves is not carried by the piping. If a valve is situated in a horizontal piping, there must be a support at each flange. The support must always be bolted on to the metal flanged and never on to the fiberglass flange.
4.9. Supports for cryogenic piping
4.9.1. General characteristics
Cryogenic piping supports normally consists of a steel load-bearing component and a wooden component for insulation, in order to avoid the collection of condensate, or worse, the formation of ice, around each support, which would restrict the free movement of the piping. Also, under certain thermal conditions, direct contact between the pipe and the structure could produce local brittleness of the structure itself.
4.9.2. Wooden components
4.9.2.1. For wooden components which can either be segments or blocks, the relevant specification must be issued indicating the type of segment or block, quantities and dimensions.
4.9.2.2. The minimum thickness of the wooden components depends on the temperature of the pipe and the environmental conditions. Table 4.9.2.2.a gives the thicknesses normally used.
MINIMUM THICKNESS
PIPE or EQUIPMENT TEMPERATURE
WOOD IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH PIPE
(SEGMENTS)
WOOD NOT IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH PIPE or
EQUIPMENT (BLOCKS) 0 ÷ -30 °C 25 mm 50 mm -31 ÷ -50 °C 50 mm 50 mm -51 ÷ -105 °C 90 mm 70 mm -106 ÷ -195 °C 140 mm 90 mm Table 4.9.2.2.a
4.9.3. Materials for steel components
The materials for the supports in direct contact with the pipe or equipment shell are selected with reference to table 4.9.3.a.
PIPE or EQUIPMENT MATERIAL
UTILISATION RANGE OF SUPPORT
SUPPORT IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH PIPE or EQUIPMENT SHELL
WELDED NON-WELDED
Carbon Steel Down to -29 °C Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel -30 ÷ -45 °C
Carbon Steel
Impact test 0,4 N/mm2 min., Charpy “U” Test sample 10 x 10
Stainless Steel 18/8 Down to -29 °C Stainless Steel 18/8 Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel 18/8 -30 ÷ -45 °C Stainless Steel 18/8
Carbon Steel Impact test 0,4 N/mm2
min., Charpy “U” Test sample 10 x 10 Stainless Steel 18/8 -46 ÷ -195 °C Stainless Steel 18/8
4.10. Control valve assemblies and by-passes
Control valve assemblies and line by-passes located at grade, adjacent to rack columns or other structures, are supported from grade to avoid additional structural loads. Assemblies weighting less than 2500 N may be supported from the structure.
The use of ground-mounted spring supports must be absolutely minimised. The option of relocating the assembly shall be considered.
4.11. Supports on steel and reinforced concrete structures
4.11.1. Loads acting on the structures
All the loads transmitted from the piping to the structures must be specified in sufficient time to be included in the structure design.
The following loads are to be considered:
a) loads due to the mass of the piping system;
b) loads indicated by the stress analysis (stops, guides, wind supports, etc.);
c) loads due to the impact of the opening of safety valves installed on the piping and discharges into the atmosphere.
4.11.2. Plates to be set into reinforced concrete structures
All supports attached to reinforced concrete structures must have hooked attachment plates set into the structure.
The location, sizing and loads on each plate must be specified in sufficient time to be included in the structure design. If, after the construction of the structure, addition to or relocation of supports become necessary, these can be attached to the pillars either with clamps or expansion bolts. The use of these alternative methods, however, should be kept to a minimum.
4.12. Stubs for attachment of supports on elbows
The stubs, to be welded on to the elbows in the piping, must be marked on the isometrics in accordance with STD.TB.SUP.5069.
4.13. Attachments for piping supports on pressure vessels
4.13.1. Issue of specifications
For attachments and reinforcing plates for supports to be welded to vertical or horizontal vessels, specifications listing the various types of attachment and reinforcing plates must be issued.
4.13.2. Selection of plate or attachment
The selection is made on the basis of the type of support to be used for the piping and on the load acting on the support itself. This load must be within the maximum value, calculated as per 4.13.3. below.
4.13.3. Calculation of maximum load
To calculate the vertical load allowable on the bracket or plate, multiply the rated load given in the table for each type in the specification by
t
1 5.R
, in which t and R, expressed in mm, are the corroded thickness and the mean radius of the vessel respectively.The rated loads given in the table are valid for temperatures of up to 150°C; for higher temperatures, multiply the loads data in the table by the relation
Sh S150
, where Sh is the permissible stress at the design temperature and S150 is the permissible stress at 150°C.Example:
− Radius of vessel R = 2000 mm
− Corroded thickness of vessel t = 20 mm
− Rated load in table, for type “1-DN-10” 18 kN
− Temperature 316°C
− Vessel shell material ASTM A 516 Gr.60
− Permissible stress at 150°C S150 = 132.9 MPa
− Permissible stress at 316°C S316 = 111.1 MPa
− Max. permissible load =
18 20
2000
111 1
132 9
30 09
1 5×
,×
.
=
.
.
kN
The bracket or plate must be checked for all conditions, including the hydrostatic test case, where required.
4.14. Posts and portals
4.14.1. Checking and sizing
Posts and portals are selected from the types in STD.TP.SUP.5920 on the basis of the dimensioning and loading.
For non-standard items a full design check is required.
4.14.2. Foundations
4.15. Foundations supports at grade
The loads required for sizing foundations must be indicated in the supports list for the cases listed below:
a) supports in non-paved areas; b) anchor supports in paved areas;
c) all other supports in paved areas with load greater than allowed in STD.TP.SUP.5920.
When calculating loads on pipe support foundations, the mass of the support itself must be added to the support load. When the support is large, its self mass can be the major part of the foundation load.
5. PIPING SUPPORT NUMBERING & CODING
5.1. General notes
5.1.1. The data for each support together with the number required is prepared and inputed in the computer in accordance with IST.IP.MAP.0561.
The data lists must be stored in separated folders organised by area, together with the special support sketches.
5.1.2. The data is checked and verified against the general information and special support file, as per IST.IP.MAP.0561 before each processing operation with the SUPI program.
.
5.1.3. The standard components of the supports, the quantities to be inputed and the type of material are specified in STD.TP.SUP.5920. Those related to the special supports are specified in the material list on each sketch.
5.1.4. See STD.TP.SUP.5920 for notes on the selection of piping supports.
5.2. Supports list
5.2.1. Each position in the supports list generally corresponds to a standard support or to a special support.
5.2.2. Where a single complex support is made up of a number of standard supports, these must be listed in sequence in the supports list with the same number, allocating each a different letter.
5.2.3. For piping on pipe-racks or pipe-ways, all the supports on the same frame or sleeper must be listed in the supports list with the same number, allocating each a different letter.
Exceptionally in case when the alphabet will not be sufficient, it is allow to give a further position number.
E.g.: to list 30 supports on the same frame or sleeper, the support list will read: Pos. 10A, 10B, 10C... 10Z, 6A, 6B...
5.2.4. The supports for each area are numbered independently of the other areas. The support numbering in each area starts with “1”.
5.2.5. A support list must be drawn up for every area. The Unit number to be given in the supports list is the same of the numbering system adopted for the arrangement drawing to which the supports refer. When indicating supports on isometric drawings, the Unit number to be given in the supports list is the same indicated in the line coding and thus of the isometric.
5.3. Special supports
5.3.1. If a special support includes one or more standard supports, the same position number must be given in the supports list for both the special support and the standard ones, allocating different letter indexes.
On the special support sketch, the standard supports must be marked with the position number and the standard support code (e.g.: 10B/ST-01).
5.3.2. The sketch of every support must bear the number of the area in which it is to be installed followed by the position of the support in the supports list.
5.3.3. The type and quantity of material required for the fabrication of one piece shall be specified on each special support sketch. The total number of required pieces shall only be specified in the supports list.
5.3.4. For each Unit all special support sketches of the same format size are identified by a single drawing number (i.e.: a number will be allocated for all sketches on A4 size, another for A3 size, etc.). Blocks of sheet numbers are allocated sequentially to each area, from 1 upwards, the block of lowest sheet numbers being allocated to the lowest area number. Within each area sheet numbers are allocated sequentially to position numbers, the lowest sheet numbers referring to the lowest position number.
5.4. Support indication
5.4.1. For each project, it is established whether the supports are to be indicated on the arrangement drawings, the isometric drawings or both.
5.4.2. Supports are indicated on arrangement drawings in according with appendix E.
The supports are identified by an index number (from 1 upwards) entered in an ellipse corresponding to the position number.
5.4.3. Supports are indicated on isometric drawings in accordance with appendix F.
The supports are identified by a double index number entered in a rectangle that specified area and positions numbers.
5.5. Foundations indication
5.5.1. The location of all support foundations must be marked on the underground systems plot plans (onsite areas) or on sleepers plot plan (offsite areas) complete with the position number.
5.6. References
Where supports are indicated on the arrangement drawings, these drawings must carry the following information:
a) drawing number of support list for site;
Revision Memo
January 1994 Issue January 1995 Rev. 1
Title of section 5, sheets 2 - 19, modified Chapter 1.1. modified
Reference codes and standards, section 2, added
“ANSI” replaced by “ASME” - Reference codes and standards - section 2 Paragraph 4.2.5. added
Points b) and d), paragraph 4.3.1., modified Points 4.5.4.1. and 4.5.4.2. modified
Temperature range modified in Table 4.9.2.2.a
Table 4.9.3.a modified title “Support in direct contact with pipe or shell” Units of measurement changed from Kg to N - Chapter 4.10.
Units of measurement changed from cm to mm and relevant formula in paragraph 4.13.3. -example
Chapter 4.15. modified
Code IST.TB.MAP.0561 changed to IST.IP.MAP.0561 in paragraphs 5.1.1. and 5.1.2. Point b), Chapter 5.6., modified
“Mathematic” replaced by “computerised” - appendix D Table in appendix G modified
“ANSI” replaced by “ASME” in appendix H Point e), note 1, modified in appendix H
APPENDIX A
Maximum permissible spans for non-metallic piping
Reinforced thermosetting resin piping
DN SPAN (mm) Tmax = 50 °C Tmax = 100 °C 1” 2000 1800 1½” 2500 2200 2” 3000 2700 3” 3500 3100 4” 3500 3100 6” 4000 3600 8” 4000 3600 10” 5000 4500 12” 5000 4500 14” 6000 5000 ≥ 16” 6000 6000
NOTES: 1- The calculation of the spans listed in the table is based on the following assumptions:
a) pipe full of water;
b) beam uniformly loaded and fixed at ends; c) permissible stress at 25% of critical stress.
2- The spans under Tmax = 50°C are also valid for temperatures down to - 30°C.
3- For thermoplastic resin piping, the spans vary according to the material used and are generally much shorter.
APPENDIX B Guide locations L2 L b L1 L L2 L L2 L1 L L b b L1 L L L1 L L L2 L2 L2 L L L1 L1 L L L2 L2
L, L1. L2 VALUES (mm) PER GROUP OF DIAMETERS
DN 2” 3” ÷ 4” 6” 8” ÷ 10” 12” ÷ 14” 16”
L 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 20,000 L1 5,000 6,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 15,000 L2 5,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 15,000
APPENDIX C
Support requirements for piping at exchangers
1
2
CASE “A”
1 - Height of attachment on pipe: underside of shell. (TS-04-00-04)
2 - Adjustable support if the piping is not sufficiently flexible to allow the replacement of the gasket (especially for ring-joint flanges).
(TS-17-05-06 or TS-17-05-07)
1 2
APPENDIX D
Identification of supports on model
PLASTIC MODEL SYMBOLS
999 (3) LINE STOP TIE-ROD ANCHOR GUIDE SOLID SUPPORT (1) SPRING (e.g. n 999) 150 BRANCH REINFORCEMENT (see sketch n. 150) 1900 12.73 (2) DO NOT SUPPORT PLATE (eg. φ1900 thickness 12.73) SPECIAL SUPPORT (GREY) COMPUTERISED MODEL SYMBOLS
(WHITE) (BLUE) (GREEN) (RED) (YELLOW) (MAGENTA) (ORANGE) (LIGHT BLUE)
NOTES: 1- When the spring is part of a special support, the symbol for the special support only must be shown on the model, as the number of the spring is indicated on the sketch corresponding to the number of the symbol.
APPENDIX E
Identification of supports on piping arrangement drawings
REST SUPPORT, HANGER OR SPECIAL SUPPORT
LINE STOP FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
GUIDE FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
ANCHOR FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
SUPPORT ON POST FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
SUPPORT ON FRAME FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
FULL GUIDE FOR VERTICAL PIPING
(FROM VESSEL OR STRUCTURE) UNIDIRECTIONAL GUIDE FOR VERTCAL PIPING
(FROM VESSEL OR STRUCTURE)
REST SUPPORT OR HANGER FOR VERTICAL PIPING
SPRING SUPPORT (PEDESTAL OR HANGER) FOR VERTICAL PIPING
SPRING SUPPORT (PEDESTAL OR HANGER) FOR HORIZONTAL PIPING
APPENDIX F
Identification of supports on isometric drawings
REST SUPPORT TIE-ROD HANGER SPECIAL SUPPORT LINE STOP GUIDE ANCHOR SPRING SUPPORT TYPE in accordance with Standard STUB
APPENDIX G
Maximum permissible spans for Cupro-Nickel piping
NOMINAL DIAMETER ACTUAL DIAMETER (mm) THICKNESS (mm) MAXIMUM SPAN (m) ½” 16 1 1.75 3/4” 25 1.5 2 1” 30 1.5 2.25 1¼” 38 1.5 2.5 1½” 44.5 1.5 2.5 2” 57 1.5 2.75 3” 76 2 3 3½” 89 2.5 3.25 4” 108 2.5 3.75 6” 159 2.5 4.5 8” 219 3.5 5.25 10” 267 4 6 12” 324 5 6 14” 368 5.5 6 16” 419 6 6
The maximum distance given in the table for each diameter is based on the smaller of the distances calculated on the basis of the maximum stress of 25 MPa and the maximum deflection of 6.35 mm, considering the pipe full of water.
APPENDIX H
Maximum permissible spans for steel piping
L L
L1
L
L
Notes: 1) The spans given in the tables in this appendix have been established in accordance with ASME B 31.3, using the following criteria:
a) continuous beam, uniformly loaded;
b) stress assumed as maximum permissible percentage of the permissible stress at the design temperature as per ASME B 31.3 (Sh):
− for bare or insulated pipes containing water (or fluids of specific gravity = 1): 33% Sh;
− for bare pipes containing gas or steam: 30% Sh (to limit the span and reduce the wind effect);
− for insulated pipes containing gas or steam: 25% Sh
(to further reduce wind effect, as insulated pipes have a greater external surface than bare pipes);
c) max. deflection of beam: 8 mm per DN < 2” 15 mm per DN = 2”
d) mass of pipe calculated on nominal thickness;
e) calculation of moment of inertia and section modulus based on a thickness reduced by 12.5% of the nominal to account for manufacturing tolerance and corrosion;
APPENDIX H
2) For all sloping lines, the max. span must be such that the maximum deflection is less than the difference in level between two adjacent supports, so as to avoid pocketing.
3) To calculate the maximum span for other diameters, thicknesses, materials and temperatures, use the following formulae:
L
Sh W
e
q
=
×
×
125
×
where: L - span (m)Sh - permissible stress per ASME B 31.3 (N/mm2)
W - section modulus (mm3)
q - unit weight (N/m)
e - reduction coefficient:
3 for pipes containing water or fluids of specific gravity = 1
3.3 for bare pipes containing gas or steam 4 for insulated pipes containing gas or steam
f
q
L
E
I
=
×
× × ×
4 3185
10
where: f - deflection (mm) q - unit weight (N/m) L - span (mm) E - modulus of elasticity (N/mm2) I - moment of inertia (mm4)4) Any concentrated loads, such as valves or supports for adjacent piping, must be considered when checking spans.
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 3” 3.96 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 4” 4.78 7 8 7.5 7.5 8 8 6” 5.56 8.5 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5 8” 6.35 9 10.5 10 9.5 10.5 10.5 10” 6.35 9.5 11 10.5 10 11 11 12” 6.35 10 11.5 10.5 10.5 11.5 11.5 14” 6.35 10 11.5 11 11 11.5 11.5 16” 6.35 10.5 12 11 11 12 12 18” 6.35 10.5 12 11.5 11.5 12 12 20” 6.35 11 12.5 11.5 11.5 12.5 12.5 22” 6.35 11 12.5 12 11.5 12.5 12.5 24” 6.35 11 12.5 12 11.5 12.5 12.5
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 3” 3.96 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 4” 4.78 7 8 7.5 7.5 8 8 6” 5.56 8.5 9.5 9 8.5 9 9 8” 6.35 9 10.5 9.5 9.5 10 10 10” 6.35 9.5 11 10 10 10.5 10.5 12” 6.35 10 11 10.5 10.5 11 11 14” 6.35 10 11.5 11 10.5 11 11 16” 6.35 10.5 11.5 11 11 11.5 11.5 18” 6.35 10.5 12 11 11 11.5 11.5 20” 6.35 11 12 11.5 11.5 11.5 12 22” 6.35 11 12 11.5 11.5 12 12 24” 6.35 11 12.5 11.5 11.5 12 12
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. H. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 3” 3.96 6.5 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 4” 4.78 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 6” 5.56 8 9 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8” 6.35 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 10” 6.35 9.5 10 10 10 10 10 12” 6.35 10 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 14” 6.35 10 11 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 16” 6.35 10 11 11 11 10.5 11 18” 6.35 10.5 11 11 11 11 11 20” 6.35 10.5 11.5 11 11 11 11.5 22” 6.35 10.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 24” 6.35 11 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 3.5 3.5 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 2” 3.91 4.5 4.5 5.5 5 5.5 5.5 3” 3.96 5 5.5 6.5 6 6.5 6.5 4” 4.78 5.5 6 7 6.5 7 7.5 6” 5.56 6.5 7 8 7.5 8 8.5 8” 6.35 7 7.5 9 8.5 9 9.5 10” 6.35 7.5 8 9.5 9 9.5 10 12” 6.35 8 8.5 10 9 10 10 14” 6.35 8 8.5 10 9.5 10 10.5 16” 6.35 8 8.5 10.5 9.5 10.5 10.5 18” 6.35 8 9 10.5 9.5 10.5 11 20” 6.35 8.5 9 10.5 10 10.5 11 22” 6.35 8.5 9 11 10 11 11 24” 6.35 8.5 9 11 10 11 11
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 6.5 7 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 3” 3.96 8 8.5 8.5 8 8.5 8.5 4” 4.78 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 6” 5.56 11 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 8” 6.35 12.5 13.5 13.5 13 13 13 10” 6.35 14 15 15 14.5 15 15 12” 6.35 15.5 16.5 16.5 16 16.5 16.5 14” 6.35 16 17.5 17 16.5 17 17 16” 6.35 17 18.5 18.5 18 18.5 18.5 18” 6.35 18.5 19.5 19.5 19 19.5 19.5 20” 6.35 19.5 21 20.5 20 20.5 20.5 22” 6.35 20.5 21.5 21.5 21 21.5 21.5 24” 6.35 21 22.5 22.5 22 22.5 22.5
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 6.5 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 3” 3.96 8 8.5 8 8 8.5 8.5 4” 4.78 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 6” 5.56 11 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 12 8” 6.35 12.5 13.5 13 13 13.5 13.5 10” 6.35 14 15 14.5 14.5 15 15 12” 6.35 15.5 16.5 16 16 16.5 16.5 14” 6.35 16 17 17 16.5 17 17 16” 6.35 17 18.5 18 18 18.5 18.5 18” 6.35 18.5 19.5 19 19 19.5 19.5 20” 6.35 19.5 20.5 20 20 20.5 20.5 22” 6.35 20.5 21.5 21 21 21.5 21.5 24” 6.35 21 22.5 22 22 22.5 22.5
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 3” 3.96 7.5 8 8 8 8 8 4” 4.78 8.5 9.5 9 9 9 9 6” 5.56 10.5 11.5 11 11 11 11.5 8” 6.35 12 13 13 13 12.5 13 10” 6.35 13.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14 14.5 12” 6.35 15 16 15.5 15.5 15.5 16 14” 6.35 15.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16” 6.35 16.5 18 17 17.5 17.5 18 18” 6.35 17.5 19 18.5 19 18.5 19 20” 6.35 18.5 20 20 20 19.5 20 22” 6.35 19.5 21 20.5 21 20.5 21 24” 6.35 20.5 22 21.5 22 21.5 22
APPENDIX H
BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C O H M I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 5 5 6 5.5 6 6.5 3” 3.96 6 6.5 7.5 7 7.5 8 4” 4.78 7 7.5 8.5 8 8.5 9 6” 5.56 8.5 9 10.5 10 10.5 11 8” 6.35 9.5 10,5 12 11 12 12.5 10” 6.35 10.5 11,5 13.5 12.5 13.5 14 12” 6.35 11.5 12,5 15 13.5 15 15.5 14” 6.35 12.5 13 15.5 14.5 15.5 16 16” 6.35 13 14 16.5 15.5 17 17 18” 6.35 14 15 17.5 16.5 18 18.5 20” 6.35 15 16 18.5 17.5 19 19.5 22” 6.35 15.5 16.5 19.5 18 20 20 24” 6.35 16 17.5 20.5 19 20.5 21
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 25 3 3.5 3.5 3 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 25 3.5 4 3.5 3.5 4 4 1½” 3.68 25 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 2” 3.91 25 4.5 5 5 5 5.5 5.5 3” 3.96 30 5.5 6 5.5 5.5 6 6 4” 4.78 30 6 7 6.5 6.5 7 7 6” 5.56 40 7 8 7.5 7.5 8 8 8” 6.35 40 8 9 8.5 8 9 9 10” 6.35 40 8.5 9.5 9 8.5 9.5 9.5 12” 6.35 40 8.5 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5 14” 6.35 50 9 10 9.5 9 10 10 16” 6.35 50 9 10 9.5 9.5 10 10 18” 6.35 50 9 10.5 9.5 9.5 10.5 10.5 20” 6.35 50 9.5 10.5 10 9.5 10.5 10.5 22” 6.35 50 9.5 10.5 10 10 10.5 10.5 24” 6.35 50 9.5 10.5 10 10 10.5 10.5
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 25 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 25 3 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 25 3.5 4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1½” 3.68 30 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 2” 3.91 40 4.5 5 4.5 4.5 5 5 3” 3.96 40 5.5 6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4” 4.78 50 6 6.5 6 6 6.5 6.5 6” 5.56 50 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 8” 6.35 60 7.5 8.5 8 8 8 8.5 10” 6.35 60 8 9 8.5 8.5 8.5 9 12” 6.35 60 8.5 9.5 9 9 9 9 14” 6.35 60 8.5 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5 16” 6.35 60 9 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 18” 6.35 70 9 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 10 20” 6.35 70 9.5 10 9.5 9.5 10 10 22” 6.35 70 9.5 10.5 10 10 10 10 24” 6.35 70 9.5 10.5 10 10 10 10.5
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 30 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ¾” 2.87 30 3 3 3 3 3 3 1” 3.38 30 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1½” 3.68 40 4 4 4 4 4 4 2” 3.91 50 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 3” 3.96 50 5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4” 4.78 60 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 6” 5.56 60 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 8” 6.35 70 7.5 8 8 8 8 8 10” 6.35 70 8 8.5 8.5 8.5 8 8.5 12” 6.35 80 8 9 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 14” 6.35 80 8.5 9 9 9 8.5 9 16” 6.35 80 8.5 9 9 9 9 9 18” 6.35 80 8.5 9.5 9 9.5 9 9.5 20” 6.35 80 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 22” 6.35 90 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 24” 6.35 90 9 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 40 2 2 2.5 2 2.5 2.5 ¾” 2.87 40 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 1” 3.38 40 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3.5 1½” 3.68 50 3 3 4 3.5 4 4 2” 3.91 50 3.5 3.5 4 4 4.5 4.5 3” 3.96 60 4 4 5 4.5 5 5 4” 4.78 70 4.5 4.5 5.5 5 5.5 5.5 6” 5.56 80 5 5.5 6.5 6 6.5 6.5 8” 6.35 80 6 6 7.5 7 7.5 7.5 10” 6.35 90 6 6.5 8 7 8 8 12” 6.35 90 6.5 7 8 7.5 8 8.5 14” 6.35 100 6.5 7 8 7.5 8.5 8.5 16” 6.35 100 6.5 7 8.5 8 8.5 8.5 18” 6.35 100 7 7.5 8.5 8 8.5 9 20” 6.35 110 7 7.5 9 8 9 9 22” 6.35 110 7 7.5 9 8.5 9 9 24” 6.35 110 7 7.5 9 8.5 9 9.5
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 25 3.5 3.5 3.5 3 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 25 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 25 5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 25 5.5 6 6 6 6 6 3” 3.96 30 6.5 7.5 7 7 7.5 7.5 4” 4.78 30 7.5 8.5 8 8 8.5 8.5 6” 5.56 40 9.5 10.5 10 10 10.5 10.5 8” 6.35 40 11 12 11.5 11.5 12 12 10” 6.35 40 12 13.5 13 12.5 13.5 13.5 12” 6.35 40 13.5 15 14 14 15 15 14” 6.35 50 14 15.5 14.5 14.5 15.5 15.5 16” 6.35 50 15 16.5 15.5 15.5 16.5 16.5 18” 6.35 50 15.5 17.5 16.5 16.5 17.5 17.5 20” 6.35 50 16.5 18.5 17.5 17.5 18.5 18.5 22” 6.35 50 17.5 19.5 18.5 18 19.5 19.5 24” 6.35 50 18.5 20.5 19.5 19 20.5 20.5
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 25 3 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 25 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 25 4 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 30 4.5 5 5 5 5 5 2” 3.91 40 5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 3” 3.96 40 6.5 7 7 7 7 7 4” 4.78 50 7.5 8 7.5 7.5 8 8 6” 5.56 50 9 10 9.5 9.5 10 10 8” 6.35 60 10.5 11.5 11 11 11 11.5 10” 6.35 60 12 13 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12” 6.35 60 13 14.5 13.5 13.5 14 14 14” 6.35 60 13.5 15 14 14 14.5 14.5 16” 6.35 60 14.5 16 15 15 15.5 16 18” 6.35 70 15.5 17 16 16 16.5 16.5 20” 6.35 70 16 18 17 17 17 17.5 22” 6.35 70 17 19 17.5 17.5 18 18.5 24” 6.35 70 18 19.5 18.5 18.5 19 19
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 30 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 ¾” 2.87 30 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1” 3.38 30 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 1½” 3.68 40 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 2” 3.91 50 5 5 5 5 5 5 3” 3.96 50 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 4” 4.78 60 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 6” 5.56 60 8.5 9.5 9 9 9 9.5 8” 6.35 70 10 11 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10” 6.35 70 11 12 12 12 12 12 12” 6.35 80 12 13 13 13 13 13 14” 6.35 80 13 14 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 16” 6.35 80 13.5 15 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 18” 6.35 80 14.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 20” 6.35 80 15.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16 16.5 22” 6.35 90 16 17.5 17 17 17 17 24” 6.35 90 16.5 18 18 18 17.5 18
APPENDIX H
INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3 N T I T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C O H M I N H S I Carbon Steel ASTM A-53 Alloy Steel ASTM A-335 Stainless Steel ASTM A-312 DN PIPE I C N. K. U C L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 11 P 21 P 22 P 5 P 7 P 9 Tp.304 Tp.316 (mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) ½” 2.77 40 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ¾” 2.87 40 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 3 3 1” 3.38 40 2.5 3 3.5 3 3.5 3.5 1½” 3.68 50 3.5 3.5 4 4 4 4 2” 3.91 50 4 4 5 4.5 5 5 3” 3.96 60 4.5 5 6 5.5 6 6 4” 4.78 70 5.5 6 7 6.5 7 7 6” 5.56 80 6.5 7 8.5 8 8.5 8.5 8” 6.35 80 8 8.5 10 9 10 10 10” 6.35 90 8.5 9.5 11 10 11 11.5 12” 6.35 90 9.5 10 12 11 12 12.5 14” 6.35 100 10 10.5 12.5 11.5 12.5 13 16” 6.35 100 10.5 11.5 13.5 12.5 13.5 14 18” 6.35 100 11.5 12 14.5 13 14.5 14.5 20” 6.35 110 12 12.5 15 14 15 15.5 22” 6.35 110 12.5 13.5 15.5 14.5 15.5 16 24” 6.35 110 13 14 16.5 15 16.5 17
