WORK-LIFE BALANCE : A STUDY OF SELECTED NATIONALIZED
BANKS IN MOHALI DISTRICT (PUNJAB)
1Ms.Simarpreet kaur 2Dr.Kavita Aggarwal
1Research Scholar, USMS, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, Punjab, India
2Associate Professor, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Changes in the social, political and economic system of societies have influenced and continue to influence both the nature of employment and its relationship to the personal life. Work life balance has emerged as a hot topic in recent years– fuelled in part by changing trends in social roles. Work life balance is a very important phenomenon that is of great concern to various employees in both private and public sector. It goes beyond prioritizing the work role and one’s personal life. It also affects the social, psychological, economical and mental well- being of the individual. All these is been reflected in the output of the individual, which affects his or her performance in the work place on the long run. Work-life and personal life are the two sides of the coin. Traditionally reading and managing a balance between the work-life was considered to be a women’s issue. But increasing work pressures ,globalization and technological advancement have made it an issue with both gender ,all professionals working across all levels and all industries throughout the world. Achieving “work-life balance” is not a simple as it sound. In India, it is taken for granted that economic activities are exclusively the prerogative of male with while domestic work, children and child rearing are the sole occupation of women .Historically, women in India have not enjoyed a good status in workplace setting whether in managerial or operative roles .since times immemorial, women have been burdened with work of all sorts all through their lives. From reproduction to all household chores and outside, their role as worker is significant unique and burdensome. With the changing societal trend, such as increase in the number of women entering the workforce combined with an economy that requires dual income support an average standard of living, contribute to work –life conflicts .but while spending more time in office, dealing with clients and the pressures of job can affect the personal life, sometimes making it impossible to even complete the household chores. On the other hand, personal life can also be demanding if you have a kid or aging parents, financial problem or even problems in the life of a dear relative. It can lead to absenteeism from work, creating stress and lack of concentration at work .Thus, work-life balance can be understood as the balance can be understood as the balancing point on the seesaw, one side of which is working people irrespective of their gender.
1.1 FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK – LIFE BALANCE
In the global competitive world the term Work – Life Balance is gaining importance and it s time for companies to start thinking strategically and come up with innovative solutions which provides better balance between work and life for its employees.
Family Support system- the support from the employee family contributes to the work-life balance. The need to take care of the children while away from home is a vital factor which disturbs their mind and diverts their attention from their office work.
Childcare– Women, especially Indian women, pay more attention to the family than their career. The need to take care of the children while away from home is a vital factor which disturbs their mind and diverts their attention from their office work.
Abstract: Due to the aggregate work pressures,, globalization and technological advancement have made it an issue with both gender ,all professionals working across all levels and all industries throughout the world
Achieving “work-life balance “ is not a simple as it sound. Work life balance has emerged as a hot topic in recent years– fuelled in part by changing trends in social roles. Work –life balance can be defined as the perfect integration between work and life both not interfering with each other. There are number of variables that effect
positive and negative impact on Work life balance. So the present study examine the, “Work-life balance - A study of selected nationalized banks in Mohali District (Punjab).The primary data should be collected through the questioner in Mohali District. The study revealed that the most employees satisfied with Work- life balance policy offered by banks.
Fringe Benefits– Fringe benefits are those which are being paid to employees in addition to their salary .It includes paid holidays ,subsidized food, maternity and paternity leave ,health insurance ,educational facilities for children ,etc.
Working hours- Excessively long working hours force employees to escape many of their family responsibilities, which imbalances their work and family lives. Since these negative emotional regulation decrease job satisfaction and increase turnover, employers are now becoming more conscious about implementing such policies as streamline the work and family of their employees.
Relocation–When an employee climbs up the ladder of the career in the job leads to the dislocation of the family which badly affect their work life balance.
Work-life programmers-The indent of various work life programmers aims freeing the employees from hectic work schedule, so that he or she can spend more time with the family.
Working environment–While determining the work life balance of an employee the presence of comfortable environment inside the organization encourages the employee and motivates them to complete the task assigned in the specific time. The ability to complete the job in time itself is a strong factor to achieve work life balance.
Training programmers-Training programmers for employees help to built skills, and to encourage employees to use technology more efficiently. This will built the confidence in the employees which will help in increasing the performance and the productivity of the organizations and useful training programs should be provided to have better work-life balance.
Work-overloaded– There are many dimensions to work demands ,such as time pressure tight deadline, high speed of work ,and the quantity of work (work-load).work overload is likely to have a dual effect on work-life conflict high workload is likely to increase work hours and also to contribute to feelings of strain and exhaustion.
1.2 INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Nationalization of banks in two spells in 1969 and 1980 was a watershed in the annals of banking sector in India .Banks were required to saunter along a new path . Instead of remaining as mere mobilizes of deposits and purveyors or credit, they began to be used as catalysts for bringing about socioeconomic transformation of our country– a goal considered hitherto to be outside the banking arena class banking yielded place to mass banking.
Thus, the jobs of service sector are turning more stressful on account of intense competition, unleashed by globalization. It is the fear of transfer in the minds of employees specially the women folk to continue to languish in lower Cades. Along with this the gender gap is decreasing day by day in almost all the sectors thus moving on the path of raising equal roles and responsibly for the both males and females .Thus the polices regarding balancing work and personal life have become the necessity rather than luxury for all the organizations.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Kshirsagar R. Sonali (2018) examined on Women Employee Work-Life Balance of service sector namely Academics, Banks and Health care sector of Aurangabad Region. An attempt was done to study the existence of Work-Life Balance problem among the working women in the specified area. It was tried to examine how the factor affecting work-life balance influence quality of life of married working women. The study revealed that they may be under substantial stress due to lack of work-life balance 10% of the employee were moderate depicts that they are not entirely happy work-life balance, but in a good position not to let the situation get out of control and 6.6% were in Best state that they have a balanced work-life and able to effectively manage their families.
Dr Raj Lekh, Bansal kumar Ashok (2017) investigated the relationship between Work Life Balance and its various variables (which are working hours, management policy, working conditions etc) among women employees working in Indian Oil Corporation Limited Mathura(U.P).This study was conducted among 34 women employees. In this study two hypothesis were framed out the revel the meaningful information that there is no association between organizational variables and work life balance of women employees. The study revealed that there was no association between personal variable and work life balance of women employees, on the other hand, there was no statistically significant relationship between organizational variables and work life balance of women employees to achieve the position of work-life balance. This report emphasis that women employees are not fully satisfied with IOCL policies of Work life balance. Doss, C. A. V, Rachel, J. J, AbuMadini, M. S, & Sakthivel, M. (2018) determined and compared in their study, the occupational stress level and professional burnout between 220 teachers. The result was derived by applying chi square test, student independent t test and ANOVA and it revealed that Stress level and burnout level varies significantly between male and female teachers. Poor working conditions, time pressures, pupil misbehavior and poor working conditions predicted burnout among the teachers.
Correlation and MANOVA were applied to test the results. Good working conditions, social support at work, and promotion and development opportunities were rated as significantly better by the Finnish sample. Male university teachers from Pakistan found higher levels of workplace bullying. No significant difference was found between stress symptoms in two countries.
3. OBJECTIVES:
To study the work life balance of selected nationalized banks in Mohali District.
To study the Occupational stress of selected nationalized banks in Mohali District.
To investigate the relationship between occupational stress with employees Work-life Balance in selected banks of Mohali District.
To study the HR policies and practices being adopted by the selected Nationalized banks to promoting healthy work-life balance
4. SCOPE OF STUDY:
Study will be conducted at all the three levels i.e. top, middle and lower levels of the employees will be present the comprehensive picture of Work –life Balance in the respected selected banks. The following banks will be selected-:
Nationalized Banks - :
Oriental Bank of Commerce
Allahabhad Bank
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :
In present study both Primary and Secondary data is considered. Primary data is collected through questionnaire and distributed to the 50 selected nationalized and private sector bank employees in the Mohali District using five point Likert Scale. In addition to this, the secondary data was collected from various newspapers, magazines, books, websites, and research journals etc.
5.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design of the present study comprises of one independent variables (Occupational stress) and One dependent variable (Work –life Balance).Besides it demographic variables such as , Age Education ,Gender, and Marital status were taken to check the relationship Work-life Balance and Occupational stress.
5.2 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Occupational Stress
Stress is the anticipated and unavoidable elements of life due to ever increase complexities and competitiveness in living standards .The speed of change in humankind today is certainly overwhelming and breathtaking. It has been defined as the state of affair involving demand on physical or mental energy.
5.3 DEPENDENT VARIABLE Work-life Balance
Work –life balance can be defined as the perfect integration between work and life both not interfering with each other. In the current business world, people and the organization are working round the clock to meet the ever growing demands. A slight delay in meeting the schedule or expectation is considered to be an organizational failure Work/life balance, in its broadest sense, is defined as a satisfactory level of involvement or ‘fit between the multiple roles in a person’s life.
6. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:
Table-1
Demographic characteristic (based on questionnaire in the area of Mohali District)
Variables Categories No of Respondents Percentage
Gender Male
Female
32 18
64 36
Age 20-25
26-30 31-35 36-40 Above 50
4 9 18 11 8
8 18 36 22 16
Higher Secondary Graduate
Post Graduate others
5 21 20 4
10 42 40 8 Marital status Married
Unmarried
31 19
62 38
On the basis of Gender: Among the respondents,64% are male whereas 36% are female.
Graph.1
On the basis of the Age the respondents: Among the respondents 36% belong to the age category of 31-35 years followed by 22% in 36-40 years,18% in age group of 26-30 years,14% age group belong to the above 50 years and 8% belong to 20-25 age group.
Graph.2
On the basis of Marital Status: Among the respondent is 62% were married and 38% are unmarried.
Graph.3
Male 64% Female
36%
Male Female
20-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 Above 50
62% 38%
Married
On the basis of Educational qualification of the respondents:42&40% are graduates and post-graduates and 10&8% are Higher secondary and others. There is no respondents belong the matric qualification.
Graph.4
TABLE-2
Responses of Bank employees regarding the Work life balance in the nationalized bank situated in Mohali District.
1 I leave on time on most of the days from work/office
2 Long working hours are taken for granted by employers
3 I often take my office work at home
4 Management can be trusted to do things that employee want to do in their own way
5 My performance targets set by management are reasonable
6 I can devote sufficient time for household responsibilities
7 Employees are treated with equal fairness
8 I am satisfied with the balance between my work and personal life
It can be seen from the table-2 that most of the respondents was satisfied by the work life balances policy offered by the nationalized banks in Mohali. They offered policy like -leave office at time, management trusted employees and equal fairness to all employees and they can give proper time to household responsibility. In bar graph responses of eight question has been mentioned in Percentage.
Matric Higher Secondary Graduate Post Graduate others
0
44 40
6 4 4 6 6
6
10 18
10 14 14 6 0
14
6
20
2 0 0 12 0
60
28
12
28
68 68
30
80
20 12 10
54
14 14
46
14
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chart 1.
RESPONSES OF BANK EMPLOYEES ABOUT WLBTable -3
Responses of Bank employees regarding the Occupational Stress in the nationalized bank situated in Mohali District.
1 I am paid a low salary as compared to my labor and work
2 I find it difficult to establish an equilibrium between political/group pressures and formal rules and instructions.
3 When new work is assigned to me, neither clear instruction are given nor are adequate means provided.
4 Some of work is risky and complicated.
5 The limits of my work and powers are uncertain and ambiguous.
6 Some of my colleagues and subordinates try to defame me
7 I have experienced that because of the job my life has become a burden.
8 I have to do some work unwillingly due to mass political pressure.
According to the table-3 it can be concluded that Occupational stress had a negative related to the employees work-life balance in the selected banks in Mohali District. Most of the employees disagree to have occupational stress in their organization. In bar graph responses of eight question has been mentioned in Percentage.
The Relationship between Work life Balance and Occupational stress among Nationalized bank.
40 34 60 30 14 48 20 34 18 20 0 34 30 10 44 40
10 20 4 18
20
20 12
0
20 8 36 0 22 12 10 10
14 18 0 18 14 10 14 16
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chart.2 Response of Bank Employees about OS
Strongly Disagree% Disagree% Neither agree Nor Disagree% Agree% Strongly agree%
0 44 40 6 4 4 6 6 6 10 18 10 14 14 6 0 14 6 20 2 0 0 12 0 60 28 12 28 68 68 30 80 20 12 10 54 14 14 46 14
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Chart.3
RESPONSES OF BANK EMPLOYEES ABOUT WLBIn chart-1 represent the Work life balance and Chart-2 depict the Occupational stress in the nationalized banks in Mohali. The Occupational stress was independent variable and Work life balance was dependent. It was cleared showed that Work life balance depend on the Occupational stress. In this study it was found that that Occupational stress had a negative relation to the employees work-life balance in the selected banks in Mohali District. Through the study it was analyzed that the employees are satisfied with Work-life balance policy offered by the selected banks.
HR policies and practices being adopted by the selected nationalized banks to promoting healthy work-life balance were- providing flexible leave arrangements to suit employee’s personal needs and Safety and healthy environment was provided to the employees. Non-financial reward was agreed to the employees.
7. CONCLUSION:
The goal of this study was to augment the knowledge of work life balance existing in the selected banks of Mohali. The study focused on what types Work life balance policy offered by nationalized banks in Mohali District. One independent (occupational stress) and one dependent variable(WLB) was taken to know the exact condition of Work life balance policy followed by the banks. Through the study it was analyzed was the employees were gratified with the WLB policy offered by the selected banks. They are satisfied with working hours, salary, and cooperation of employer, healthy work environment. It was found that that Occupational stress had a negative relation to the employees work-life balance in the selected banks in Mohali District. Limitation faced during research process were Many Bank branches were visited after their normal working hours because during the working hours, it was difficult to get complete information due to public dealing and some respondents showed the little interest in filling the questions.
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34
60 30
14
48 20
34
18 20 0
34 30 10
44 40
10
20 4
18 20 20 12
0
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36 0
22 12
10 10
14 18 0
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Chart.4 Response of Bank Employees about OS
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