Teacher s Resource Book

Teacher’s Resource Book

Chapter 1 - EARLIEST OKLAHOMANS

I. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

The following questions may be used for classroom oral discussion, independent practice, or essay tests. Each question should be discussed fully, orally or in writing.

1. Explain the most commonly accepted theory of Indian origin in North America.

2. How did living conditions differ between eastern and western tribes during the early prehistoric era? 3. How did Thor Heyerdahl prove the possibilty of Egyptian origin of American Indians?

4. Describe the oldest archeological find in the area that would become the state of Oklahoma.

5. Discuss the advanced state of civilization reached by the Spiro people as evidenced by artifacts found in the Spiro Mound.

II. ACTIVITIES

1. Plan three dinner menus consisting of wild game which might have been available to Spiro people composed of the American Vegetable Triad prepared only in ways which can be achieved on open fires or in clay ovens.

1 2

3

4

5 2. CROSSWORD PUZZLE

Using the key below the crossword puzzle, fill in the squares with the appropriate letters to complete the puzzle.

ACROSS:

1. A mound found in eastern Oklahoma that contained artworks and artifacts 4. A stick-like spear-thrower

5. Hunters who are believed to have lived in the Oklahoma area 12,000 years ago

DOWN:

1. The oldest archeological find in Oklahoma known as the Domebo mammoth kill 2. A time when huge glaciers covered much of the Northern Hemisphere (2 words) 3. The second known inhabitants of the area believed to have lived in the area 10,000

Chapter 2 - THE FIRST WHITE VISITORS

I. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

The following questions may be used for classroom discussion, reading checks, independent practice,

or essay tests. Each question should be discussed fully whether in oral presentation or in writing.

1. Explain the purpose of the Coronado expedition and describe the results of the expedition.

2. What advantages did the Conquistadors have over the Indians and how did they use their

advantage?

3. How did European and American Indian cultures learn from one another?

4. What are two theories of Scandinavian expeditions into the area that is now eastern Oklahoma?

5. How did the attitude of the Conquistadors, toward themselves and toward strangers, affect the

outcome of the Spanish expedition?

6. Briefly describe Padilla’s expedition.

7. How did the things left behind by the Spanish affect the lifestyles of the Indians?

8. How did the French hope to succeed in their explorations and trade?

9. How did the Spanish and French explorers differ in their purposes and actions as explorers?

10. How did the explorers and the Indians make cultural contributions to one another’s lifestyles?

II. MAP ACTIVITY

The map below represents the possible route of Francisco Vasquez Coronado in his search for gold and other valuables during his explorations for Spain. Using library resources, including a world atlas,

• Identify the modern-day cities or towns on the map below.

1. Denver, Colorado 2. Little Rock, Arkansas 3. Dallas, Texas

4. Santa Fe, New Mexico 5. Dodge City, Kansas 6. Springfield, Missouri

CORONADO’S JOURNEY

Chapter 3 - AMERICAN EXPLORERS

1. Explain how the United States came to own the Louisiana Territory.

For oral discussion or work outside class, tell about each expedition below: its purpose, any important facts, its success or its failure.

2. Zebulon Pike Expedition 3. James B. Wilkinson Expedition 4. Richard Sparks Expedition 5. George C. Sibley’s Expedition 6. Stephen H. Long’s Expedition 7. Hugh Glenn’s Expedition

II. ACTIVITY

You are traveling with Major Long’s second expedition. You are an assistant to Dr. Edwin James, a botanist. Using reference materials in the library, make a list of 25 plants that you and Dr. James saw along the present boundary of western Oklahoma.

1. _______________________ 9. ________________________ 17. ________________________ 2. _______________________ 10. ________________________ 18. ________________________ 3. _______________________ 11. ________________________ 19. ________________________ 4. _______________________ 12. ________________________ 20. ________________________ 5. _______________________ 13. ________________________ 21. ________________________ 6. _______________________ 14. ________________________ 22. ________________________ 7. _______________________ 15. ________________________ 23. ________________________ 8. _______________________ 16. ________________________ 24. ________________________ 25. ________________________

CROSSWORD PUZZLE: American Explorers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2

CLUES FOR THE “AMERICAN EXPLORERS” CROSSWORD PUZZLE

DOWN

1. People who live in a region are its ______ . 2. Americans worried that the French might close this

port.

3. The Wilkinson party spent Christmas with these people.

5. This was a valued item on the prairie.

6. An unusual, observable fact, such as the Great Raft. 7. Fort Smith was located near the mouth of this river. 8. This major selected the site for Fort Smith. 9. These were kept by the Spaniards when they released

Pike and his men.

12. This was the first fort in the West.

14. The site selected for the first fort was Belle __________ .

15. American minister to France in 1801.

18. This unit of government handled all transactions with the Indians, at first.

19. Wilkinson and Pike escorted them home from Wash-ington.

21. His expedition was instrumental in opening trade with Western tribes.

22. Moveable property: some looked upon Indians as this.

24. Becknell’s expedition crossed Oklahoma in this part of the state.

25. Colonel Glenn’s trading post was here. 28. He discovered the Great Salt Plains. 29. This was lost to England by Spain.

32. George Sibley’s was the __________ expedition sent into the Far West.

34. The men who first occupied Fort Smith carried these. 37. On the frontier, people traded here.

40. Spanish word for “river,” as in the “Big River” that separates Mexico from Texas.

ACROSS

1. France acquired Louisiana from Spain by the Treaty of San __________ .

4. Western tribes exchanged these with the Explorers for various items of interest.

10 . Frontier forts created a __________ of defense. 11. This tangled mass clogged the Red River for miles. 13. The ruler of France who sold Louisiana to the United

States.

16. The Pike-Wilkinson Expedition was to follow this river to its source.

17. The French-Indian War lasted _______ years. 18. People believed the tribes who lived here were hostile. 20. He led an expedition to the edge of Oklahoma when

he was turned back by Spanish soldiers.

21. Some believed this to be an accurate description of the Indian tribes in the North.

22. To give up something, as the Indians did with their land.

23. Outer coverings of corn used for many things by Indian tribes.

26. Long’s second expedition arrived back at the fort (before, after) Bell’s party.

27. They began to move west as soon as Lewis and Clark returned.

30. The place where a river begins.

31. On his second expedition, Major Long sent this man to explore the Arkansas River.

33. Another word for purpose. Major Long’s was to complete Captain Sparks’ mission.

35. Land which is owned by the government but is not yet a state.

36. Meriweather was William’s partner.

38. Major Long missed it and explored the Canadian instead.

39. The Chief Minister of France under Napoleon Bonaparte.

41. Sparks and his men returned here without complet-ing their mission.

Chapter 4 - EARLY GOVERNMENT

1. Give four important facts about the Adams-Onis Treaty.

2. Discuss the establishment of forts in the area (give names) and explain the effects the forts had upon completing the exploration of Oklahoma.

3. Describe the ceremonies that took place when Louisiana Territory was transferred from France to the United States. 4. Name the son of an early family of traders and tell how he succeeded in establishing a trading post in Oklahoma. 5. Why was Glenn’s trade with Santa Fe important?

6. Describe the Osage Indians as a tribe (culture, reputation, general appearance, etc.) 7. Describe the typical Osage Warrior.

II. ACTIVITIES

1. Using library resources, gather information about the status of the following: The Three Forks Area

Fort Gibson Osage Tribe

2. On the map of Oklahoma below, draw in and locate the following: Fort Gibson, Illinois River, Verdigris River, Arkansas River, Grand River, Fort Towson.

3. PUZZLE: THE TIME OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE

The answers to the 20 questions below the puzzle are hidden in the letter-jumble. Some are horizontal, some vertical, and some diagonal; but all run from left to right or top to bottom. Circle

the words in the puzzle and then fill in the blanks below.

C L A I B O R N E X H I K L M U C T P O S P R Y N R I E O S A G E I P H H A N M A M E I C A N W I C H I T A O X B G I W T H S P A I N O F T H U M U E A R T N M E R I D I A N R B R A M T G N E H G T A S D O F R J F L A G S E L D S W I L H L I A U M V C B E A N A E O S G I B S O N T O X S I R H A Y U N N I N D I A N A F Y R T P N B I N U N E L O U I S I A N A N E Q P G Z V S R D

(1) He became governor of Louisiana on December 20, 1803. ___________________________________ (2) They passed an act creating two territories in the west. ______________________________________ (3) The largest territory the United States ever owned: _________________________________________ (4) This territory became the state of Louisiana: ______________________________________________ (5) They waved side by side, symbolizing brotherhood: ________________________________________ (6) The District of Louisiana was attached to this territory: ______________________________________ (7) William Henry Harrison became the _______________ President of the United States.

(8) The Adams- ________________ Treaty set the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase. (9) _______________ ceded Florida to the United States.

(10) Part of that boundary, the 100th _______________ became an Oklahoma boundary.

(11) He was one of the founders of St. Louis: _________________________________________________ (12) He owned a salt works business in Indian country: _________________________________________ (13) He was a writer who was entertained at Three Forks: ________________________________________ (14) He opened trade with Santa Fe: _______________________________________________________ (15) One of the tribes indigenous to Oklahoma: _______________________________________________ (16) The Quapaws were relatives of this northern warlike tribe: ___________________________________ (17) This powerful nation was also related to the same tribe: ______________________________________ (18) This was the first fort established in the west (1817): _______________________________________ (19) This fort was built between the Arkansas and Grand Rivers: __________________________________ (20) Fort Smith was ________________________ twice before the Civil War.

Student Activity Book

Chapter 1 - EARLIEST OKLAHOMANS

I. VOCABULARY STUDY. Give a short definition for each of the following words, according to how the word is used in Chapter 1.

1. papyrus ___________________________ 5. obsidian___________________________ 2. migration _________________________ 6. atlatl___________________________ 3. phenomenon ______________________ 7. velocity___________________________ 4. archeologist_________________________ 8. artifact___________________________ II. MATCHING. Match the correct date to the event.

A. 1930s B. 1970 C. 8000 B.C. D. 1300 E. 1961 F.1540

_____ 1. Folsom man lived in Western Oklahoma.

_____ 2. Spiro mound culture existed in Eastern Oklahoma.

_____ 3. Thor Heyerdahl sailed from Africa to North America in a papyrus boat. _____ 4. Sculpted pieces were found in Mexico and identified as Roman on this date. _____ 5. Spiro Mounds unearthed.

_____ 6. Recorded history began in Oklahoma

III. COMPLETION. Fill in each blank with a word that best completes each statement.

1. Indian legends about Indian origins were stories about ____________________________. 2. The land bridge thought to exist between Siberia and Alaska was called

_________________________.

3. Scholars of Indian history have divided Indians into classifications according to differences in ______ _____________________, ____________________, and ______________________.

4. The land area now called Oklahoma measures some _________________________ square miles. 5. The land area is divided geographically by the ____________________________.

6. The three main crops planted by Indians were, _________________, ___________________, and _____________________ and were called the ____________________________.

7. The most important item for trade was _________________________.

8. The only records of the early dwellers are the ______________________________ and _________________________________ uncovered in archeological digs.

IV. On the following chart, compare the lifestyles of the Folsom people, the Clovis people, and the Spiro people according to the column headings.

FOLSOM CLOVIS SPIRO

Housing Food

Communities Commerce Social Programs

V. Fill in each blank with the word that would complete the sentence correctly. 1. A Norwegian explorer named ____________________sailed from Africa to North America in a papyrus boat.

2. He may have proved that ancient people could have come to North America from _________________.

3. Life was much more difficult for people who lived in the ______________half of the state. 4. A purple stone traded by ancient merchants in eastern Oklahoma was the __________________. 5. Most scientists believe that the first Indians came during the _________________________age. 6. The ____________________________economic system was advanced for the time.

7. People who lived in Oklahoma 12,000 years ago were the ________________________people. 8. An early archeological discovery in Oklahoma is the _________________mammoth kill site. 9. Along with the mammoth, a small horse, the ground sloth, and the large bison, an ancient animal once used for food here but no longer found to roam in Oklahoma, is the ____camel_________. 10. Items used by ancient societies which tell archeologists about these people are called _________. 11. People who lived in Oklahoma 10,000 years ago were the _______________________people. 12. Evidence of an advanced ancient tribe was found at _____________________Mound.

13. The mass of forest and thickets dividing the state was the ___________________________. 14. _________________________was the most valuable trade item in ancient Oklahoma.

Chapter 2 - THE FIRST WHITE VISITORS

I. VOCABULARY STUDY. Give short definitions according to use in Chapter 2.

1. runes_________________________ 5. artillery ___________________________ 2. viceroy____________________________ 6. mission ____________________________ 3. gypsum __________________________ 7. Teutonic ________________________ 4. memoirs _________________________ 8. invincible _________________________ II. MATCHING. Match the identification to the correct name.

______ 1. Padilla A. first white explorer to cross Oklahoma ______ 2. LaHarpe B. explorer sent to conquer Florida

______ 3. Onate C. the good viceroy

______ 4. Quivira D. captured Montezuma

______ 5. LaSalle E. leader of the last major Spanish expedition into Oklahoma

______ 6. Ranjel F. a Spanish chaplain who wanted to establish a mission for the tattooed people ______ 7. Coronado G. DeSoto’s private secretary

______ 8. Mendoza H. the tattooed people

______ 9. DeSoto I. a French trader who traded along the Arkansas and Red Rivers ______ 10. Cortez J. never saw Oklahoma but claimed the area for France

III. MATCHING. Match the correct date to the event.

______ 1. Oklahoma was claimed for France. A. 1012 ________

______ 2. Swedish leader of a German colony may have made the Runestones. B. 1540 ________

______ 3. Last Spanish expedition crossed Oklahoma. C. 1541________

______ 4. Vikings may have made the Runestones. D. 1601________

______ 5. A French trader traded along the Red and the Arkansas rivers. E. 1682________ ______ 6. Conquistadors crossed Oklahoma for the first time. F. 1700’s________ ______ 7. A French explorer may have come into Eastern Oklahoma. G. 1718________

IV. COMPLETION. Write the word or words in the blanks that would best complete the statement. 1. The most important contribution by and influence of the Spaniards to the Indians was _____________. 2. DeSoto’s expedition originated in _______________________________.

3. The French expeditions were primarily interested in ___________________and ___________________. 4. The Indians could not advance in technology because they had no knowledge of the ________________. 5. (TRUE or FALSE): It is __________that the Spaniards found that each tribe had its own government. V . PROBLEM SOLVING. In working this activity, use problem solving skills to make your decisions: identify the problem, gather information, analyze the problem, identify alternative solutions, select a solution, and reach tentative decisions.

You are a conquistador who will accompany Coronado on his exploration of the area that is now the southwestern United States. It is your responsibility to chart the way and to keep the expedition from getting lost. You will march through a rough, arid country for much of your journey and cannot take all of your possessions with you. You must decide what you will take. After you have listed your possessions, you must rank them to determine what is most important to take. Below is the list you have compiled; write a number “1” beside the article you think is most important. Continue t rank the items until you have written the number “20” in front of the item of least importance. Be prepared to defend your choices.

_____compass _____trinkets for trade _____animal traps

_____guns _____lumber _____horse

_____star chart _____gold and silver _____blanket

_____water _____cooking utensils _____flag

_____spices _____food _____rope

_____canteen _____sexton _____ammunition

_____knife _____pieces of flint

Chapter 3 - AMERICAN EXPLORERS

I. VOCABULARY STUDY. Give a short definition of each word below as is is used in the textbook. 1. chattel ________________________ 6. geologist ________________________ 2. remuneration _____________________ 7. stockade ________________________ 3. compensation _____________________ 8. tributary ________________________ 4. imperialism ________________________ 9. pelt ________________________ 5. expedition ________________________ 10. thwart ________________________

II. MATCHING. Match the correct date for each event described below.

______1. The Glenn-Fowler Expedition opened trade with the Western Tribes. A. 1682 ________

______2. Louisiana came under Spanish rule. B. 1763 ________

______3. George Sibley discovered the Great Salt Plains. C. 1800 ________ ______4. Louisiana was purchased by the United States. D. 1803 ________ _____ 5. The Treaty of San Ildefonso gave Louisiana to France. E. 1806 ________

______6. LaSalle claimed Oklahoma for France. F. 1811________

______7. Wilkinson and Pike Expedition set out to explore Louisiana, G. 1817________ including Oklahoma.

______8. Major Stephen H. Long established Fort Smith. H. 1821________

III. MAP ACTIVITY. On the blank map of Oklahoma below, use colored pencils to color-code your map work. Trace the expeditions of the American explorers in the state.

IV. COMPLETION. Write the word or words in the blanks that would best complete each statement. 1. France acquired Louisiana from Spain by the Treaty of _______________________. 2. Western tribes exchanged _____________________ with explorers for various other items. 3. Frontier forts created a ________________________of defense.

4. The ruler of France who sold Louisiana to the United States was ______________________. 5. The Pike-Wilkinson Expedition was to follow the ______________________River to its source. 6. The French and Indian Wars lasted for ___________ years.

7. ___________________led an expedition to the edge of Oklahoma where he was turned back by Spanish soldiers.

8. On his second expedition, Major Long sent ________________________to explore the Arkansas River.

9. A ________________________ is land owned by the government that is not yet a state. 10. Americans worried that the French would close the port of ________________________. 11. Ft. Smith was located near the mouth of the _______________________ River.

12. The first fort in the West was Fort _______________.

13. _______________________ was the American minister to France in 1801. 14. ____________________was the Chief Minister of France under Napoleon.

15. _______________________’s expedition was instrumental in opening trade with Western tribes. 16. Colonel Glenn’s trading post was located at __________________________.

17. ______________________discovered the Great Salt Plains. 18. __________________________is the Spanish word for “river.”

19. __________________Lewis and ___________________Clark explored the Louisiana Territory. 20. _______________were kept by the Spaniards when Pike and his men were released from captivity. V. THINKING ACTIVITY. Imagine that you are the first Spanish explorer to see one of the early inhabitants of the Oklahoma Plains. Describe the person.

Chapter 4 - EARLY GOVERNMENT

1. VOCABULARY STUDY. Give short definitions to the following words. Define them as they are used in the textbook. 1. vigorous _________________________ 6. subsistence _________________________ 2. parallel __________________________ 7. ammunition_______________________ 3. meridian _________________________ 8. interim ____________________________ 4. relinquish _________________________ 9. luxurious___________________________ 5. hospitality _________________________ 10. established _________________________ II. COMPLETION. Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best complete each statement.

1. _______________________protested the sale of Louisiana to the United States.

2. The first American governor of the Louisiana Territory was_________________________. 3. The governor over the territory who later became the 9th President of the United States was _________________________________.

4. The territory of New Orleans was admitted to the Union as the state of ___________________. 5. As the territories divided and changed, the area now known as Oklahoma was included in the territories of _________________, _________________, and _________________.

6. Spain gave up all claims to Florida and Oregon as a result of the ____________________Treaty. 7. As a result of that treaty, the United States gave up claims to __________________________. 8. A favorite tourist spot in the Oklahoma region was the ____________________________. 9. The two tribes of Indians considered to be indigenous to Oklahoma are the __________________ and the ___________________________.

10. Bean’s Salt Works was established on the ____________________________River.

11. The_______________________and the __________________were relative tribes to the Sioux. 12. Kiowas and Comanches came from the ____________________________and moved into the western part of the state.

15. The first roads were constructed to connect the _____________________________. Give four important facts about the Adams-Onis Treaty.

1. _______________________________ 3. _______________________________ 2. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________ IV. MATCHING. Match the date to the event; dates may be used more than once.

A. 1817 1. The Adams-Onis Treaty was signed. 1. ________

B. 1819 2. Territory of New Orleans was admitted to the Union as a state. 2. ________

C. 1824 3. A trading post was established near Salina. 3. ________

D. 1820 4. Arkansas Territory created. 4. ________

E. 1812 5. Missouri Territory created. 5. ________

6. Ft. Gibson was built. 6. ________

7. Ft. Towson was built. 7. ________

8. Bean’s Salt Works established. 8. ________

V . MATCHING. Match the name to the description.

A. Washington Irving 1. First settlers in Oklahoma 1. ____

B. William Henry Harrison 2. Member of a famous trading family 2. ____

C. William Clark 3. Man from Indiana Territory who was governor of Upper Louisiana 3. ____

D. Western Cherokees 4. A co-founder of St. Louis 4. ____

E. Auguste Chouteau 5. A famous literary visitor to the “log palace” 5. ____

F. traders 6. People who removed themselves from the East 6. ____

G. Pierre Laclede Liguest 7. A famous explorer who became governor of Missouri Territory 7. ____

VI. MAP. On the map of the United States below, using colored pencils and color-coding, outline the Louisiana Purchase and the area effected by the Adams-Onis boundary.