SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

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SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

MARKS: 150 TIME: 2½ hours

This question paper consists of 8 pages and a 12-page addendum.

HISTORY P1

STANDARD GRADE

2014

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before deciding on which questions to answer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

This question paper consists of TWO sections, namely SECTION A and SECTION B.

SECTION A consists of SIX essay questions.

SECTION B consists of THREE source-based questions. Source material to be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.

You are allowed to answer ONE essay question and ONE source-based question on the same theme.

Do NOT answer TWO essay questions on the same theme. Answer THREE questions:

6.1

6.2

At least ONE must be an essay question and at least ONE must be a source-based question.

YOU MUST ANSWER AT LEAST ONE QUESTION ON THE COMPULSORY THEME: SOUTH AFRICA – THE PERIOD 1948

TO 1976 (EITHER AN ESSAY QUESTION OR A

SOURCE-BASED QUESTION). 7. 8. 9. 10.

Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.

Time allocated for this question paper should be utilised wisely in the answering of questions, preferably about 50 minutes per question.

The mere rewriting of sources in the answering of questions will disadvantage candidates.

Write neatly and legibly.

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SECTION A: ESSAY QUESTIONS

Answer at least ONE question and not more than TWO questions from this section.

QUESTION 1: THE PERIOD 1924 TO 1948

Answer either QUESTION 1A or QUESTION 1B. Do NOT answer both questions.

QUESTION 1A

Discuss the various factors which contributed to the formation and split of the United Party in 1939.

[50] OR

QUESTION 1B

Describe how the question of participation of South Africa in the Second World War led

to the downfall of General JC Smuts in the 1948 elections. [50]

QUESTION 2A

Explain the role played by the various Prime Ministers of South Africa from 1948 to the

attainment of republican status in 1961. [50]

OR

QUESTION 2B

Discuss how extra-parliamentary resistance against the apartheid regime intensified

between 1960 and 1976. [50]

QUESTION 3A

Discuss the role played by the trade union movement in resisting the apartheid regime in the 1980s.

[50] OR

QUESTION 3B

Explain how the process of negotiations among the various political stakeholders led to

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SECTION B: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

Answer at least ONE question from this section. Source material to be used to answer these questions is contained in the ADDENDUM.

4.1 WHAT CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES DID THE PACT GOVERNMENT BRING ABOUT TO THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA BETWEEN 1924 AND 1934?

Use Sources 4A, 4B and 4C to answer the following questions.

4.1.1 Use Source 4A.

(a)

(b)

(c)

What impact did the following have on South Africa?

(i) Colonial Laws Validity Act (1865) (1 x 2)

(ii) Balfour Declaration (1926) (1 x 2)

Explain the significance that the Statute of Westminster had

on Hertzog's pact government. (2 x 2)

Comment to what extent Hertzog was successful in achieving

the aims of the Pact government. (2 x 2)

(2) (2) (4) (4) 4.1.2 Study Source 4B. (a) (b) (c) (d)

How does the cartoonist depict the relationship between

General JC Smuts and General JBM Hertzog? (1 x 2)

Why did the cartoonist portray General JC Smuts as a woman? Use evidence from the source to support your

answer. (2 x 2)

Explain why the Die Burger newspaper decided to publish this

particular cartoon. (2 x 2)

Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, what motivated Hertzog and Smuts to work together in the

1930s? (2 x 2) (2) (4) (4) (4) 4.1.3 Refer to Source 4C. (a) (b) (c)

Why do you think Colonel Stallard and Dr Malan are depicted

as walking away from Hertzog and Smuts? (2 x 2)

What message is conveyed by the flag carried by Colonel

Stallard? (1 x 2)

How useful is the information in this source to a historian

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4.1.4 Compare Sources 4B and 4C. Explain how the political landscape

in South Africa changed after 1934. (2 x 2)

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4.1.5 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own

knowledge, write a paragraph of about 10 lines (about 100 words) explaining the impact of the constitutional changes on South Africa in the 1930s.

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QUESTION 5: THE PERIOD 1948 TO 1976 5.1 WHAT ROLE DID EXTRA-PARLIAMENTARY ORGANISATIONS PLAY IN

INTENSIFYING THE RESISTANCE AGAINST THE APARTHEID REGIME AFTER 1949?

Use Sources 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D to answer the following questions.

5.1.1 Study Source 5A.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Why was the 1950s referred to as a decade of 'petty

apartheid'? (1 x 2)

Explain the effects of the Reservation of Separate Amenities

Act on black South Africans. (2 x 2)

Explain the impact of the State of Emergency on black South

Africans. (1 x 2) (2) (4) (2) 5.1.2 Refer to Source 5B. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Why was the Programme of Action important for the ANC? (1 x 2) What factors prompted the ANC to participate in May Day

celebrations with the Communist Party in 1950? (2 x 2)

How did the National Executive Committee of the ANC

respond to the killing of unarmed protesters? (1 x 2)

Explain why you think there was a need for black South Africans to embark on a joint campaign of resistance against

the apartheid regime. (2 x 2)

What are the limitations of this source to a historian studying

the defiance campaign? (2 x 2)

(2) (4) (2) (4) (4) 5.1.3 Use Source 5C. (a) (b) (c)

What significance does this photograph have for the role of

women in the struggle? (1 x 2)

What does the photograph tell you about the workers' unity in

the 1950s? (1 x 2)

Explain how the South African Police would have responded

to protest meetings as shown in this photograph. (1 x 2)

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5.1.4 Refer to Source 5D. What important lessons did the following learn from the 1950s defiance campaign?

(a) (b) (c) Employers (1 x 2) Traders (1 x 2)

The masses of black South Africans (1 x 2)

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5.1.5 Compare Sources 5B and 5D. Explain how the information in these

sources is similar regarding the defiance campaign. (2 x 2)

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knowledge, write a paragraph of about 10 lines (about 100 words) describing the role played by extra-parliamentary organisations in intensifying the resistance against the apartheid regime.

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QUESTION 6: THE PERIOD 1976 TO 1994 6.1 WHY DID PW BOTHA DECIDE TO RELEASE NELSON MANDELA FROM

PRISON IN THE 1980s?

Use Sources 6A, 6B and 6C to answer the following questions.

6.1.1 Refer to Source 6A.

(a) (b)

(c)

Explain the messages being conveyed in this cartoon. (2 x 2) Why do you think the Eminent Persons Group wanted

PW Botha to hold talks with Nelson Mandela? (1 x 2)

Explain why PW Botha was not willing to talk to Nelson

Mandela. (2 x 2) (4) (2) (4) 6.1.2 Study Source 6B. (a) (b) (c) (d)

What factors do you think prompted PW Botha to deliver this

speech? (2 x 2)

Explain why the Natal Congress of the National Party was

regarded as significant. (2 x 3)

Comment on Botha's statement: 'I am not prepared to lead white South Africa and other minority groups on a road to

abdication and suicide'. (2 x 2)

Explain why you think Botha's manifesto revealed that he was

not ready to negotiate with Nelson Mandela. (2 x 2)

(4) (6) (4) (4) 6.1.3 Consult Source 6C. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Quote a statement from the source which illustrates that Mandela was a loyal and disciplined member of the ANC.

(1 x 2)

Why did Mandela reject the conditions put to him by

PW Botha? (2 x 2)

'I cherish my freedom but I care even more for your freedom.'

Comment on the significance of this statement. (2 x 2)

Nelson Mandela referred to freedoms that he was offered. Quote any TWO of these freedoms mentioned by Nelson

Mandela in the source. (2 x 1)

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knowledge, write a paragraph of about 10 lines (about 100 words) explaining why PW Botha considered releasing Nelson Mandela in the 1980s.

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