INSTRUCTOR- LED COURSEWARE. Mac OS X Lion Level 1. Evaluation Only

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I N S T R U C T O R - L E D C O U R S E W A R E

Mac OS X Lion – Level 1

 PCM Courseware, LLC 6960 N. Ardara Ave., Glendale, WI 53209

Phone 800-545-2729 www.pcmcourseware.com

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I N S T R U C T O R - L E D C O U R S E W A R E

Mac OS X Lion – Level 1

 PCM Courseware, LLC 2007 6960 N. Ardara Ave., Glendale, WI 53209

Phone: 800-545-2729 http://www.pcmcourseware.com

COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND LICENSE AGREEMENT

 PCM Courseware, LLC. 2010

Courseware, LLC. When you purchase this product, you are entitled unlimited use of purchased product in perpetuity.

This product may be used by instructors only at a single physical location unless licenses were purchased for more than one location. The number of locations eligible for use of the course materials will equal the number of site licenses purchased. You may copy and distribute the manual files, lesson files and lab files only within the confines of the specific site(s) of the license agreement. You may not under any

circumstances, distribute, rent, or lease the manual, its documentation, the training files, or any copies thereof, to third parties. If the purchaser has more than one training location and wishes to use the courseware at these locations, then a licensed must be purchased for each additional location. Courseware may be customized and modified as the purchaser sees fit as long as the copyright

information is clearly displayed within all documents. The purchaser may add their own name and logo to the printed manuals as long as the copyright information is present on all printed versions of the

courseware.

This courseware license may not be transferred, assigned, given, rented, leased or resold to any third party in any form.

Only printed copies of the courseware may be made available to students. Under no circumstances may the source Microsoft Word courseware files be made available on a network, internet or intranet, or any other removable or non-removable media.

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It is the responsibility of the Purchaser to print out copies of the courseware. PCM Courseware, LLC will in no way be held responsible for inadequate printing facilities at the Purchaser’s site, resulting in the inability to print out the courseware. In such cases that the original source courseware files or training files are corrupted, PCM Courseware, LLC will replace any corrupted training files.

Passwords necessary to access the courseware or download courseware from the PCM Courseware, LLC Web site must not be disclosed to any third party in any form.

The purchaser may not make available any courseware to those who have not attended a training class at the purchaser’s licensed site.

Any student who has attended a training class in which PCM Courseware training materials were used may keep one copy of the printed training manual and any accompanying exercise and lab files for personal use only.

PCM Courseware, LLC. reserves the right to revise this manual and its files and make changes from time to time in their content without notice.

This license entitles the purchaser of the Entire Courseware Library to receive any new courseware or any updates to existing courseware produced within one (1) year of the purchase date via the PCM

Courseware, LLC Web site. PCM Courseware, LLC will not be held responsible for an inadequate Internet Connection at the purchaser’s location resulting in an inability of download any new courseware. The purchaser’s remedy for problems or inconveniences encountered from the use of the training manual or its related training files shall be limited to the refund of the price paid for this courseware. PCM Courseware, LLC. shall not be liable to the purchaser or any other person with respect to any liability, loss or damage caused, directly or indirectly, by use of this courseware or the related training files. Please inform PCM Courseware, LLC of any errors or omissions in any of the courseware materials.

While every genuine effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material, PCM Courseware, LLC. makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the correctness, reliability and freedom from error of the manual or the related training files. Data used in this manual and its training files are fictitious. Any reference to actual persons or companies is entirely coincidental.

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3.2 OPENING FOLDERS AND DISKS ... 99

3.3 USING THE GO MENU ... 101

3.4 THE FINDER TOOLBAR ... 104

3.5 USING THE SIDEBAR ... 109

3.6 RECENT FOLDERS ... 113

3.7 ARRANGING THE CONTENTS OF A FOLDER ... 115

3.8 SORTING THE CONTENTS OF A FOLDER ... 118

3.9 BROWSING THE CONTENTS OF FOLDERS ... 122

3.10 NAVIGATING FOLDER HIERARCHY ... 125

LESSON SUMMARY –WORKING WITH FOLDERS AND DISKS ... 129

LESSON 3QUIZ ... 130

LESSON 4 - WORKING WITH FILES AND FOLDERS ... 133

4.1 CREATING A NEW FOLDER ... 134

4.2 RENAMING A FILE OR FOLDER ... 136

4.3 COPYING FILES AND FOLDERS ... 139

4.4 MOVING FILES AND FOLDERS ... 141

4.5 DELETING FILES AND FOLDERS ... 144

4.6 RESTORING A DELETED FILE ... 146

4.7 EMPTYING THE TRASH ... 148

4.8 USING THE INFO WINDOW ... 151

4.9 FINDING FILES USING SPOTLIGHT ... 155

4.10 FINDING FILES FROM THE FINDER WINDOW ... 159

4.11 USING SMART FOLDERS ... 164

4.12 SELECTING MULTIPLE FILES AND FOLDERS ... 169

4.13 CREATING AN ALIAS ... 172

4.14 COLOR CODING FINDER ITEMS ... 174

4.15 COMPRESSING FILES AND FOLDERS ... 179

4.16 WORKING WITH BURN FOLDERS ... 181

LESSON SUMMARY –WORKING WITH FILES AND FOLDERS ... 185

LESSON 5 - CUSTOMIZING YOUR MAC ... 190

5.1 ARRANGING FINDER WINDOW ICONS ... 191

5.2 SETTING DOCK PROPERTIES ... 194

5.3 ADDING ITEMS TO THE DOCK ... 198

5.4 REMOVING ITEMS FROM THE DOCK ... 201

5.5 SETTING SYSTEM PREFERENCES ... 202

5.6 MODIFYING APPEARANCE PREFERENCES ... 208

5.7 CHANGING THE DESKTOP BACKGROUND ... 211

5.8 ADDING A SCREEN SAVER ... 215

5.9 CDS &DVDS ... 218

5.10 SETTING SPOTLIGHT PREFERENCES ... 220

5.11 SETTING MISSION CONTROL PREFERENCES ... 224

5.12 SETTING VIEW OPTIONS ... 229

5.13 SETTING FINDER PREFERENCES ... 232

5.14 APPLYING AND REMOVING A CUSTOM ICON ... 237

5.15 ADMINISTRATOR ACCESS TOOLS ... 241

LESSON SUMMARY –CUSTOMIZING YOUR MAC ... 248

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LESSON 6 - WORKING WITH APPLICATIONS ... 253

6.1 OPENING APPLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS ... 254

6.2 OPENING ITEMS AT LOGIN ... 258

6.3 USING TEXTEDIT ... 261

6.4 CUTTING,COPYING AND PASTING TEXT ... 266

6.5 FORMATTING TEXT ... 270

6.6 SAVING A FILE ... 275

6.7 DUPLICATING A DOCUMENT ... 279

6.8 QUITTING AN APPLICATION ... 283

6.9 FORCING AN APPLICATION TO QUIT ... 285

6.10 INSTALLING &REMOVING APPLICATIONS ... 287

6.11 PREVIEWING FONTS WITH FONT BOOK ... 290

6.12 USING AUTOMATOR ... 293

6.13 USING DASHBOARD ... 298

6.14 ORGANIZING CONTACTS WITH ADDRESS BOOK ... 302

6.15 ORGANIZING YOUR SCHEDULE WITH ICAL ... 308

6.16 MANAGING APPLICATIONS WITH LAUNCHPAD ... 312

6.17 BACKING UP WITH TIME MACHINE ... 317

6.18 MAC UTILITIES ... 320

LESSON SUMMARY –WORKING WITH APPLICATIONS ... 324

LESSON 7 - GOING ON THE INTERNET ... 330

7.1 SETTING UP AN INTERNET CONNECTION ... 331

7.2 STARTING SAFARI ... 334

7.3 BROWSING A WEB PAGE ... 336

7.4 ADDING BOOKMARKS ... 341

7.5 MANAGING BOOKMARKS ... 344

7.6 SAFARI RSS ... 348

7.7 SETTING INTERNET OPTIONS ... 351

7.8 SEARCHING THE INTERNET ... 354

7.9 INTRODUCTION TO MAIL ... 356

7.10 COMPOSING &SENDING E-MAIL ... 358

7.11 SENDING ATTACHMENTS ... 361

7.12 RECEIVING ELECTRONIC MAIL ... 363

LESSON SUMMARY –GOING ON THE INTERNET ... 367

CLASS PROJECT ... 373

INDEX ... 374

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Mac OS X Lion – Level 1

Welcome to PCM Courseware! PCM Course is a distinctive, flexible system for an instructor-led environment that facilitates learning via auditory, visual and hands-on experiences by each student. The manual is broken down into several lessons with each lesson subdivided into several sections. Each section covers a particular skill or concept related to the main lesson topic. In each section you will find:

1. A brief introduction to the section concept 2. Step-by-step “how to” instructions

3. A hands-on “Let’s Try It” exercise which the students performs with the instructor

4. Chapter summary, summarizing the main topics covered in the chapter 5. Chapter quiz

6. An independent “On Your Own” activity at the end of each lesson to identify any problem areas and to ensure that learning has taken place. Rather than having to sift through blocks of paragraphs of written text, the

introductions are brief and easy to understand, illustrated with diagrams, lists, tables and screen shots to aid in comprehension and retention. The step-by-step format of the manual enables for quick scanning by the instructor during teaching time and the ability to pull out the main points quickly without having to filter the desired

information from chunks of text.

Course Requirements

This course assumes no previous experienced with personal computers, using a mouse or the Macintosh operating system. These concepts will be covered during this course.

A full installation of Macintosh OS X should be available on each desktop, with a fresh installation strongly encouraged. In order to complete some of the lessons in the “Using Internet Tools” chapter, an active Internet connection is required. Each student will need a blank CD in order to complete the Burn Folder lesson.

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Components of the Manual

The Macintosh OS X manual contains the following components:

A Table of Contents - to allow the students to quickly find desired concepts

Introduction – discussion of manual components, course requirements, courseware philosophy and training lab setup.

Lessons – The lessons are the manual chapters, each of which is composed of several sections relating to the lesson topic or skill.

Sections – Each section begins with a brief introduction to the section topic and is

followed by step-by-step instructions on how the student is to accomplish a

particular task. The students then perform the task with the instructor in a “Let’s Do

It!” exercise. Each step in the Let’s Do It exercise provides the How (step-by-step)

and Why (the reason for performing the step) of each phase necessary to accomplish the task.

Labs – Each section concludes with an independent “On Your Own” exercise called a Lab. The lab gives the opportunity for the student to practice what he/she has learned and to discover any problem areas with the topic in the section. Each lab covers skills in each section of the lesson.

Chapter Summary – Each section concludes with a “Chapter Summary” which briefly reviews all of the topics and concepts discussed in the section.

Chapter Quiz – Each section concludes with an independent “Chapter Quiz” to test the level of learning that has taken place. The quiz is in multiple choice and short answer format and can be done in class together or as an end of chapter test.

Class Project – The course concludes with an independent “Class Project” to test the level of learning that has taken place. In this project, the student utilizes skills learned throughout the class.

Index - to allow the students to quickly find desired concepts

Training Files

Each PCM Courseware course comes with a set of lesson files and lab files designed to employ real-world situations and examples. The lesson files are designed to be used in the Let’s Do It! exercises that the student performs with the instructor. The lab files are to be used for the On Your Own exercises at the end of each Lesson. Both the lesson files and lab files should be stored in a folder on the student’s Desktop

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named Lesson Files. The Pending folder should also be located on the student’s desktop.

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What’s New in Lion?

What’s New

Description of Feature

Address Book New look resembles its iOS counterpart, as well as many other new features.

AirDrop You can now send files wirelessly to anyone around you who is also using AirDrop without needing a Wi-Fi network.

AutoSave Lion now automatically saves your regularly.

Duplicate The new Duplicate feature in many applications replaces the Save As command.

FaceTime FaceTime allows you to make video calls to other Intel-based Macs and iOS devices.

Finder Enhancements to the Finder include: All My Files window, Sorting by Category, Gesture Navigation in Icon view, Search Suggestions in the Search Box, Merge Folders option, and more.

Full-Screen Apps New Full-Screen button on the title bar allows you to expand the application window and take advantage of the entire screen.

iCal New look resembles the iOS counterpart. Also now includes new Day View and Quick Add feature.

iCloud iCloud stores your documents, music, photos, calendar data and more “in the cloud” and wirelessly pushes them to your Mac and your iOS devices.

LaunchPad Launchpad provides instant access to all of the applications on your Mac in a iOS-like format.

Lion Recovery No more need for a physical external boot disk – Lion Recovery, a new feature, allows you to boot into a Recovery HD. Hold down the Command-R key during boot-up.

Mac App Store The Mac App Store is now included with Lion.

Mail Mail enhancements include: Full-Screen option, Favorites Bar, Conversations, Wide-Screen Layout, Custom Labels, Microsoft Exchange 2010 support, Search Attachments and more.

Mission Control Mission Control combines your open windows, full-screen apps, spaces and Dashboard into one view.

Multi-Touch

Gestures You can navigate OS X Lion by swiping, tapping, scrolling and pinching on a Trackpad or Magic Mouse with Lion’s new gestures.

Preview You can now add your signature to PDF files. Auto-Save and Versions support as well as improved copy & paste.

Privacy Security preferences include a new Privacy pane.

Resume When you open an application, it now appears exactly as you left it – all previously opened documents, windows, palettes, cursor

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What’s New

Description of Feature

position and highlighted text display exactly as they were when you last closed the application.

Safari Enhancements include: Full-Screen support, Tap to Zoom, Pinch to zoom, Swipe to Navigate, Downloads list, Reading List and much more.

Spotlight Spotlight now displays Quick Look previews for search results as well as other new features.

Trackpad & Magic

Mouse New Trackpad and Magic Mouse preferences in the System Preferences application.

Versions Takes snapshots of your documents with each save, allowing you to return to a previous copy.

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Lesson 1 - The Fundamentals

Lesson Topics:

1.1 Operating System Basics

1.2 Logging onto your Mac

1.3 Understanding the Mac Interface

1.4 Using the Mouse

1.5 Using the Keyboard

1.6 Investigating Menus

1.7 Using Shortcut Menus

1.8 Using Gestures with a Trackpad

1.9 Using the Dock

1.10 Using Trash

1.11 Getting Help

1.12 Shutting Down Your Computer

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1.1 Operating System Basics

In this lesson, we will learn the basics of an Operating System

elcome to Apple’s latest operating system, Mac OS 10.7 Lion! Before we begin to work with the Macintosh, it is helpful to understand what exactly Mac OS X is and what it does. Mac OS X marks the beginning of the next generation of Macintosh operating system, incorporating an innovative new look and feel. It represents one of the most significant upgrades Apple has made to the Macintosh Operating System.

First it is important to understand what an Operating System does. An Operating System is a software program that controls just about everything your computer does, such as:

• Controls the application programs that run on your computer • Controls the computer’s hardware

• Implements user management utilities and features such as the Finder and the Dock

• Organizes the files and folders on your computer

Mac OS X is actually made up of two operating systems, which provide for maximum power and flexibility. These are:

• Unix – A powerful and complex command-line interface • Aqua – The graphical overlay of Mac OS X

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Previous versions of OS X included Mac OS 9 Classic support, allowing you to your run your pre-OS X computer applications on OX 10. The classic environment is no longer supported on newer Intel-based Macintosh computers or under the Lion operating system. Additionally, those applications that need Rosetta to run are also no longer supported.

If you are new to computers or to the Mac, you are about to embark on an exciting new journey – the discovery of Mac OS X.

So let’s get started!

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1.2 Logging On to Your Mac

In this lesson, we will learn how to start and log on to your Mac.

he most basic task you will need to do with your computer is turning it on and logging on to your Mac. To turn on your computer, find your computer’s On/Off switch. Assuming your computer is plugged in correctly, Mac OS X should launch.

Depending on how your computer is set up, you may be presented by a list of users who have been added to the computer’s account list. Click your user name, type your assigned password in the text box and then press the Return key.

If you are about to turn on a brand new out-of–the-box Mac, you will need to configure your computer first. After you turn on your computer, your Mac will prompt you for some information: your name, the language you prefer, keyboard layout (US Or Canada), short name (the name you want to give to your home folder), and the password you want to use to log on to your Mac. You may be prompted to set up your iCloud account (more on iCloud later). If you already have a wireless network available, your Mac should identify it. If your network is security enabled, you will need to provide your WiFi password or key. We will discuss setting up a new network in a later lesson.

You are now ready to begin working with your Macintosh!

To Log On to Your Mac

1. Find the computer’s On/Off switch. 2. Press the On/Off switch.

3. Move your cursor over the icon that corresponds to your user name and then click with your mouse button.

4. Type your password in the password box. 5. Click Log in.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. If your Macintosh is not turned

on, press the On/Off switch. Powers on the computer.

2. When the Mac OS X screen appears, move your mouse cursor over your username in the list and click with your mouse.

Opens the password box.

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What Why

3. Type your name in the password box and then click Log In with your mouse.

Logs into the computer.

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1.3 Understanding the Mac

Interface

In this lesson, we will take a look at the Macintosh Interface.

his lesson will help you become familiar with the Mac OS X screen, also known as the Desktop. The Desktop is the first screen you will see after logging in to the computer. The table below summarizes the major elements of the Mac OS X screen.

Don’t worry if the Mac screen appears mystifying or confusing at first. Each of these elements will be covered in detail in subsequent lessons. This lesson is just to introduce to you to major parts of the Desktop.

The Dock The Desktop Apple Menu Menu Bar Trash Menulets Spotlight

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Major Elements of the Mac OS X Screen

Element Description

Apple Menu The Apple Menu is used for a variety of Mac system commands such as opening System Preferences, modifying the Dock properties, logging out, restarting your computer, selecting a network location and jumping to recent items.

Desktop This is the large background area of the Mac OS X screen. The desktop is where you may find shortcuts to your favorite folders, documents and applications.

Menu Bar Displays the Macintosh menus used to execute commands. Clicking on a menu displays a list of commands for that menu.

Menulets Icons that display in the menu bar, such as date and time or Airport connection status.

Spotlight Introduced in OS 10.4 Tiger, Spotlight is Mac OS X’s search engine, which helps you to instantly find anything on your computer.

The Dock The Dock is a band of icons that launches programs, files or folders that you use often. When you open another application or minimize a document window, its icons will then appear in the Dock. The Dock also includes the Trash. To delete a file, drag it to the Trash.

Trash Files and folders that you delete are moved to this folder.

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1.4 Using the Mouse

In this lesson, we will work with the Mouse.

he Mouse, a small device that is connected to your computer, allows you to

select and move objects on the screen. The mouse is associated with the

MousePointer on your screen. The mouse pointer is used to point to and select objects on your screen. When you move the mouse on your desk, the pointer moves on your screen. To move the pointer left, move your mouse to the left on your desk. Likewise, to move your pointer up, down or to the right, move your mouse upwards, downwards or to the right, respectively.

The mouse pointer normally takes one of three forms: Standard Pointer, Insertion Point and Rotating Beach Ball.

The Standard Pointer is the most common appearance of the pointer. When the Standard Pointer appears, it looks like an arrow pointing to the upper left, at about a 30-degree angle. In Standard Pointer mode, you can move the mouse and single click to highlight an icon, double-click (click twice in rapid succession) to open an item, and click and drag to do a number of different actions, such as highlight more than one items at the same time, or move an item.

The next common pointer is the Insertion Point. This pointer appears when you move the mouse and place the cursor over an area in a text-based program, such as a word processor or the Terminal. When the pointer is in this mode, you can usually perform text-based actions, such as clicking once to place the cursor (commonly called setting the insertion point), or clicking and dragging to select a section of text.

The third type of pointer is the Rotating Beach Ball (oftentimes referred to as the “Beach Ball of Death”). This pointer appears when the application concerned is busy processing a task and cannot do anything else at the current time. You are unable to do anything with that application while the beach ball is spinning except wait.

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Mouse Actions

Selecting is the process of choosing an object in order to perform some action. For instance, you may wish to open an application or move a file from one location to another. There are five basic MouseActions that you will work with to select objects:

• Single-Click – Press and release the mouse button once. This action is used to select an icon or to click a button in a dialog box.

• Double-Click –Quickly press and release the mouse button twice in rapid succession. This action is used to open an application, a document or a folder.

• Right-Click (also known as Control-Click) – Press and release the right mouse button once. This action is used with two-button mice and usually produces a pop-up menu. To produce this same result with a one-button mouse, hold down the Ctrl key and then press the mouse button.

• Click-and-Drag – Press the mouse button and, with the mouse button still pressed down, move the mouse. This action is used to select text in a document or to select more than one sequential item at a time.

• Drag-and-Drop – Used to move items from one location to another. Move

your mouse pointer over the item you wish to move and then press and hold down the mouse button. With the mouse button still held down, move or

drag your mouse until the mouse pointer is in the location where you want to place the item. Release the mouse button to drop the item.

If you are using a two-button mouse, pressing the right-mouse button will often produce a contextual shortcut menu. This is the equivalent of pressing down the Control key and clicking with a one-button mouse. You can use either a one-button or two-button mouse with your Mac.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Rest your hand on top of the mouse, and then move the mouse until the pointer is over the

Lesson Files icon as shown.

Positions the mouse pointer over the Macintosh HD icon. The icon represents the Lesson Files folder.

2. Quickly press and release the mouse button.

Selects the Lesson Files folder.

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What Why

3. Move your mouse pointer over the Lesson Files icon. Click and hold down the mouse button.

Enters drag mode.

4. With your mouse button still held down, move your mouse

downward about two inches as shown below. Release the mouse button.

Moves the Lesson Files folder downwards two inches.

Click and hold down the mouse button.

Drag downwards

5. Move your mouse until the pointer is over the Lesson Files folder.

Positions the pointer over the Lesson Files folder.

6. Quickly press and release the mouse button twice in rapid succession (double-click).

Opens the Lesson Files folder and displays its contents.

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1.5 Using the Keyboard

In this lesson, we will learn how to use the keyboard.

Numeric Keypad Function Keys (F keys)

Control (ctrl) key

Option (or Alt) key

Command (⌘) key

he Keyboard is another device that is connected to your computer. You may

already be familiar with the keyboard. However, there are several special keys on the Macintosh keyboard that allow you to use keyboard shortcuts instead of using the mouse. One key that you will only find on a Macintosh keyboard and that is often used in combination with one or more other keys is the Command () key. Holding down a combination of keys will execute a particular command associated with that keystroke combination. For example, holding down the key combination of  + W (The Command key and the W key) will close the active

window.

It is important to note that the Control key, which is often labeled Ctrl, is not the equivalent of the Control key on a non-Mac keyboard. One of the main purposes of the Control key is for control-clicking to display shortcut menus. The Option key is often used to display hidden menus or to add special characters.

At the end of this lesson is a list of common keyboard shortcuts. Keep in mind that not all shortcuts will work in all applications.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Press and hold the Command () and then press the W key.

Closes the open window. 2. Press the keystroke combination

 + Shift + A (the Command key, the Shift key and the A key).

Opens the Applications window

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What Why

3. Press the  + F keystroke combination.

Opens the New Search window. 4. Press the  + W keystroke

combination.

Closes the New Search window.

Tip: The symbol represents the Shift key. The ⌥ symbol represents the Option

key. The ⏏ key on your keyboard is used to eject CDs, DVDs and External Disks.

Common Keyboard Shortcuts

Cut  + X Copy  + C Paste  + V Select All  + A Undo  + Z Redo  +  + Z

Page Top  + Up Arrow Page Bottom  + Down Arrow Line Begin  + Left Arrow Line End  + Right Arrow

Previous Word  + Option + Left Arrow Next Word  + Option + Right Arrow

Save  + S

Save As  +  + S Force Quit  + ⌥+ Escape Switch Window  + ` Screen Shot  +  + 3,  +  + 4 Font Panel  + T Color Panel  +  + C Close Window  + W Quit Program  + Q Hide Program  + H New Window  + N New Folder  +  + N Open Spotlight Box  + Space

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1.6 Investigating Menus

In this lesson, you will learn how to use menus.

n the last lesson, we learned how to give commands to your Macintosh by using keystroke combinations. Another common way to issue a command is by use of menus. A menu is a categorized list of commands relevant to a particular application and is located near the top of window. The menu titles are displayed on the Menu Bar. To display the commands for a menu title, position your mouse pointer over the title and click with your mouse button.

Common menu items are File, Edit, View and Help. A disclosure triangle to the right of the menu name indicates that the menu contains a submenu. You can trace to the submenu with your mouse pointer to execute the submenu’s command.

Menu Bar The “Go” _Menu

Equivalent Keyboard Command

Submenu

The Apple menu () located on the top left of the screen contains many Mac system commands such as Sleep, Restart and Shut Down. From here, you can also access System Preferences, display recently opened applications and documents or browse applications in the App Store.

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To Use Menu Commands

1. Move your mouse pointer over the desired menu title on the Menu Bar. 2. Click with your mouse to display the menu.

3. Move your mouse pointer downwards to the desired command to highlight it. 4. Click the mouse button.

5. To display a submenu, move your mouse pointer over the disclosure triangle and trace to the submenu with your mouse pointer.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Move your mouse until the

pointer is over the Go menu title. Positions the pointer over the Go menu. 2. Click the mouse button. Displays the menu commands for the

Go menu. 3. Move your mouse pointer

downwards until Applications is highlighted as shown below.

Selects the menu command we wish to execute.

4. Click with your mouse button. Opens the Applications window. 5. Move your mouse until the

pointer is over the File menu on the menu bar.

Positions the pointer over the File menu.

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What Why

6. Click the mouse button. Displays the menu commands for the File menu.

7. Move your mouse downwards until Close Window is

highlighted and then click your mouse button.

Closes the Applications Window.

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1.7 Using Shortcut Menus

In this lesson, you will learn how to use shortcut menus.

hortcut menus appear when you Right-Click an item (or Ctrl-Click an item if you are using a two-button mouse). A shortcut menu is a pop-up menu that contains many useful commands. For example, to view the properties of an icon, you would press and hold the Ctrl key, click the icon, and then select

Get info from the shortcut menu.

Shortcut menu for the Lesson Files

folder

To Use Shortcut Menus

1. Press and hold down the Ctrl key.

2. Click the item whose shortcut menu you want to display. 3. Click the desired menu command in the shortcut menu. 4. Click anywhere on your screen to close the shortcut menu.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Press and hold the Ctrl key and then click the Lesson Files

folder.

Displays the shortcut menu for the Lesson Files folder.

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What Why

2. Click Open on the Shortcut

menu. Opens the Lesson Files folder.

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1.7 Using Gestures with a Trackpad

In this lesson, you will learn how to use Gestures.

f you are using a Mac notebook such as a Macbook, Macbook Pro, Macbook Air or are using an external Trackpad instead of a mouse, then you can take advantage of Gestures. Gestures allow the use of a trackpad, which converts certain finger movements into equivalent mouse movements. For example, double-tapping the trackpad is the equivalent of double-clicking with your mouse. Tapping a trackpad with two fingers is the equivalent of right-clicking your mouse. Apple’s Magic Mouse contains a multi-touch surface enabling the use of gestures as well.

Mac OS X Lion provides a new preference pane, which can be accessed by clicking the Trackpad icon in the System Preferences pane, which can help you become more familiar with gesture options.

We will not be doing any practice exercises using gestures as not every student may have access to a multi-touch device. We will take a brief look at the Trackpad area of the System Preferences, which you may wish to explore more on you own.

To View the Trackpad Pane

1. Click  on the menu.

2. Select System Preferences from the menu.

3. Under the Hardware area, click the Trackpad icon.

4. Click the Point & Click, Scroll & Zoom or More Gestures tab.

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5. On the left side of your screen, click the gesture that you would like to learn more about.

6. View the example in the video window.

7. Set any desired gesture options by clicking the appropriate checkbox.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Click  on the menu as shown below.

Displays the Apple menu.

Click the  on the menu

2. Click System Preferences from the menu as show below.

Displays the System Preferences pane. We will more in depth with the System Preferences pane in a later lesson.

Select System Preferences from the

Apple menu

3. Click Trackpad under the

Hardware area as shown below.

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What Why

4. Click the Point & Click tab as

shown below. Displays settings for Point & Click gestures.

Click the “Point & Click” tab

5. Move your mouse pointer over

Secondary click as shown below and then observe an example of the gesture in the video window.

Shows an example of the Secondary click gesture.

6. Click System Preferences on the menu and then click Quit System Preferences as shown below.

Closes the System Preferences pane.

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What Why

1. Click System Preferences

2. Click Quit System Preferences

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1.9 Using the Dock

In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Dock.

he Dock is a 3-D almost translucent ribbon that gives you quick access to the applications, folders and documents that you use most often. To open an item on the Dock, click on the icon for the item you wish to launch. Hovering your mouse pointer over any icon on the Dock will display the item’s name above the icon.

The Dock is divided into two sections divided by a vertical line. The items to the left of the line are applications. The items to the right of the line are everything except for applications (shortcuts to documents, folders, minimized windows, etc.) When you launch an application, its icon will display in the Dock until you exit the application. A small blue dot appears on the bottom of the Dock icon to indicate that the program is currently running. To add new items to the Dock, click the item you wish to add and then drag it to the Dock.

The Dock contains an initial set of icons, which are pictured below. The default icons are, from left to right:

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Currently running application

Divider

Trash

• Finder – An application used for accessing and managing files and folders. It is always located on the far left side of the Dock.

• Launchpad – Displays all of your applications in a grid, very similar to the iPad or iPhone display of applications.

• Mission Control – Displays all of your windows, applications and spaces. • App Store – The place from where you can buy applications for your Mac. • Dashboard –Dashboard is home to an application called widgets. These

applications display various information, much of it from the Internet. • Mail – Apple’s email application.

• Safari – Apple’s Web browser.

• FaceTime – Video chatting program using your computer’s camera.

• Address Book – A list of contacts that is integrated with the Mail program and other aspects of the Operating System.

• iCal – Apple’s calendar program

• Preview – An application for viewing Adobe PDF files and graphics.

• iTunes – An application for playing, importing, and organizing music and videos.

• Time Machine – Application that allows you to perform automatic backups.

• Photo Booth – Allows you to take photo snapshots and video clips with your Mac’s camera.

• iPhoto – An application for transferring and storing photos from a digital camera.

• System Preferences – An application for customizing your computer.

• Documents – Folder that contains all of your personal files and folders. The Documents folder is located under your Home folder.

• Downloads – Folder that contains files that you download from your Web browser. Can also store e-mail attachments here.

• Trash – A container for discarding files and folders that are to be removed from your computer.

Folders that you add to the Dock are called Stacks. This can be a folder of documents, aliases, or a group of applications that you need to access frequently. When you click a stack, the contents of the folder appear in a handy arc menu. If the

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folder contains more items than can display in the arc, they are then displayed in grid format. When Lion is installed, two stacks are already included: The Downloads

folder where files you download from the Internet are stored, and the Documents

folder, the default folder under your Home folder where new documents are stored. You can add additional stacks by dragging any desired folders to the Dock.

To Use the Dock

1. Click on the icon in the Dock for the item you wish to open. If the item is an application it will launch. If it is a folder (a Stack), the items will appear in an Arc or a Grid, depending on the number of items in the folder.

2. To add an item to the Dock, click the icon for the item and then drag it to the Dock.

3. To remove an item from the Dock, click the icon and drag it upwards off of the Dock.

Tip: To always display your stacks in arc (fan), grid, or list format, Ctrl-click (or right-click) the icon that you wish to modify on the Dock, and then click

Fan, Grid or List.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Click the Address Book icon on the Dock as shown.

Opens the Address Book application.

2.. Click on the Address Book menu title, and then click Quit Address Book on the menu as shown below.

Closes the Address Book application.

Select Address Book > Quit Address Book

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What Why

3. Press the  + W keystroke combination.

Closes the Lesson Files window.

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1.10 Using Trash

In this lesson, you will learn how to use the Trash container.

n the opposite end of the Dock is an icon resembling a wastepaper basket. This is the Trash. The Trash is the container into which you place files

and folders that you no longer need. To place an item in the Trash, click and drag the item to the Trash icon on the Dock. If you prefer to use a keyboard shortcut, hold down the  key and then press the Delete key on your keyboard.

Anything you place into Trash will stay there until you empty the Trash by selecting

Finder > Empty Trash from the Desktop menu. Once you empty the Trash, any items that you had placed there are deleted from your system.

Even after emptying the Trash, deleted files may still be recovered by using special data-recovery software. To delete files so that they cannot be recovered, choose

Finder > Secure Empty Trash. Files deleted in this manner are completely overwritten by meaningless data. This may take some time, depending on the size and number of the files in your Trash bin. You may want to use Secure Empty Trash if you plan on selling or giving away your computer.

Select Finder > Empty Trash to remove files and

folders from the Trash

Use Secure Empty Trash to ensure that deleted items

cannot be recovered Trash icon

To Use Trash

1. Click and drag any files or folders that you no longer need to the Trash icon

on the right end of the Dock

Or

Hold down the  key and then press the Delete key on your keyboard.

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2. To empty the Trash, select Finder > Empty Trash icon from the Finder menu

Or

Control-click (or right-click, if using a two-button mouse) the Trash icon and select Empty Trash from the menu.

3. To empty the Trash so that deleted items cannot be recovered, select Finder > Secure Empty Trash from the Finder menu.

Tip: You can also move a file to the trash by control-clicking (or right-clicking) the file and select Move to Trash from the pop-up menu.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Double-click the Lesson Files icon on the Desktop as shown.

Opens the Lesson Files folder and displays all of the documents within the folder.

Double-click the Lesson Files Folder

! 2. Move your mouse pointer

over the file named

TextDocument. Click and hold down the mouse button.

Selects the item we wish to drag to the Trash.

3. With the mouse button still held down, move your mouse until the TextDocument file is over the Trash icon on the Dock as shown. Release the mouse button.

Places the TextDocument file in the Trash container.

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What Why

Click “TextDocument” and drag to the Trash

icon

4. Click the Trash icon on the

Dock. Opens the Trash container and displays any items in the Trash. 5. Click the Finder menu title

on the Desktop menu bar as shown.

Displays the Finder menu.

6. Click the Empty Trash

menu command as shown above.

Displays a message box asking you if you are sure you want to empty the trash.

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What Why

7. Move your mouse pointer over the Empty Trash

button and then click with your mouse button as shown below.

Removes the TextDocument file from the Trash and closes the Trash folder.

Click the Empty Trash button

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1.11 Getting Help

In this lesson, you will learn how to use get on-screen help.

f you have a question about how to do accomplish a particular task on your Mac or about something displayed on your screen, the Macintosh Operating System may be able to provide on-screen help.

There are two main types of help available in Mac OS X:

1. Help Tags – Some objects contain Help Tags, which are small yellow boxes that contain descriptive text about the objects. To display a help tag, hover your mouse pointer over an object. If the object has a help tag, it will display in a few seconds.

2. Help Center – The On-screen Help Center is available under the Help menu on the Finder menu bar. Type a question in the Search box and press the Return key. A list of topics related to your search term will be displayed. Click the link for the topic you wish to view or choose Show All Help Topics to open the Help Center with a list of all topics related to your search term. The Search box is also a quick way to find and jump to a menu item. This can be especially helpful in applications with a large amount of menu items.

You can access the Mac Help System by clicking Help on the Finder menu and then clicking Help Center. The Help Center menu appears from where you can browse topics by index or quickly help troubleshoot difficulties.

Note that the Help Center window will stay on top of all other open windows. If you wish the Help Center window to remain open but want to work in other windows, click the yellow minimize button on the top left corner of the window or press the ⌘ + M keystroke combination.

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Return to main Help Center window

Enter keywords for which to

search

Help Center window

To Get Help

1. Select Help from the Finder window

Or

Press the  + Shift + ? keystroke combination..

2. Type in a word or a phrase in the Search box. Related topics will automatically display in the menu.

3. Click the topic that you wish to view.

4. To display a Help Tag (if available) for an object, hover your mouse pointer over the object for a few seconds until a Help Tag appears.

5. To display the Help Center, click Help on the Finder menu and then click

Help Center.

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Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Move your mouse pointer over the Help menu on the Finder menu bar and then click your mouse button.

Displays the Help menu commands.

2. Click in the Search box and type:

Symbols as shown below.

Opens the Mac Help Viewer application.

3. Click Enter Special characters

and symbols as shown below. Displays related topics in the Help Center.

4. Click the Enter Special

Characters and Symbols from the Character Viewer link as shown below.

Displays the Help topic.

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What Why

5. Press the  + W keystroke combination.

Closes the Help Center window.

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1.12 Shutting Down your Computer

In this lesson, you will learn how to shut down your Mac.

n order to ensure that your Mac continues to run smoothly, it is important to shut it down properly. That is to say, you should NOT just turn off the power to shut it down as doing this can damage your hard drive as well as your file system.

To turn off your computer, it is important to always use the Shut Down command on the  menu. Now there may be times when it is impossible to shut down your computer properly, such as if your screen completely freezes up. Hopefully, these instances should be few and far in between.

To Power Down your Mac

1. Click the  on the menu. 2. Click Shut Down on the menu.

3. When the message box displays asking you if you really wish to shut down your computer, click the Shut Down button.

Tip: If you wish to simply reboot your machine, choose Restart from the  menu.

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Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Click the  on the menu. Displays the Apple menu commands. 2. Click Shut Down from the menu. Displays a dialog box asking you if you

really want to shut down your computer.

3. Click Cancel. Closes the dialog box and aborts the process of shutting down.

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Lesson Summary – The Fundamentals

 In this lesson, you learned about the basics of the Macintosh operating system. You learned how to log on to your Mac using your username and password.

 Next, you learned about the Macintosh interface and about the various parts that make up the Desktop.

 Then, you learned how to maneuver the mouse using various mouse actions. You also learned about the three types of mouse pointer: Standard Pointer, Insertion Point and Rotating Beach Ball.

 Then, you worked with the keyboard and learned about keystroke shortcuts.  Then, you learned that you can access menus from the Menu Bar. In this

lesson, you worked with various Finder menus.

 Then, you learned that you can access a shortcut menu pressing down the Ctrl key and then clicking the item whose shortcut menu you wish to view or by right-clicking the item if you have a two button mouse.

 Then, you learned how to use Gestures on a trackpad. You learned that there are several finger movements that you can execute on a trackpad or Magic Mouse that perform the same function as an equivalent mouse movement.

 Then, you learned how to use the Dock. You learned how to add items to and remove items from the Dock. You also learned about the default Dock icons that are included with a Lion installation.

 Then, you learned how to delete files and folders by dragging items to the Trash icon, located on the Dock. You learned how to securely empty the Trash so that any deleted items cannot be restored.

 Then, you learned how to obtain help from the Finder menu using the Help Search box as well as the Help Center.

 Lastly, you learned how to properly turn off your computer.

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Lesson 1 Quiz

1. Macintosh OS X Lion is: A. A Spreadsheet program. B. A DVD burning program. C. An Operating System. D. A database.

2. Name three parts of the Macintosh interface. 3. To open a document or folder, you would:

A. Single-click. B. Double-Click. C. Triple-click.

D. Drag the item to Trash. 4. A keystroke combination is:

A. Double-clicking an item.

B. Holding down two or more keys at the same time. C. Used to log on to your Mac.

D. Clicking and dragging an item on your desktop. 5. To close a Finder window:

A. Select File > Close Window from the menu. B. Select Close > Window from the menu. C. Select Help > Close Window from the menu. D. Triple-click the window.

6. To remove an item from the Dock:

A. Click the icon and drag it upwards off the Dock. B. Select File > Delete Dock Item from the menu. C. Press the  + Wkeystroke combination.

D. Double-click the Dock item while holding down the Shift key. 7. How do you empty the Trash?

A. Select File > Empty Trash from the menu. B. Drag the Trash icon upwards off of the Dock. C. Select Finder > Empty Trash from the menu. D. Press the  + Tkeystroke combination.

8. What is the command to save a file in most Mac OS X applications?

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9. A two-button mouse will not work on a Macintosh. A. True

B. False

10. To get help on a Mac:

A. Select File > Help from the menu and then type in your question in the Search box.

B. Press the F1 key.

C. Select Finder > Help from the menu and then type in your question in the Search box.

D. Select Help from the menu and then type in your question in the Search box.

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LAB 1 – ON YOUR OWN

1. Select the Lesson Files folder. 2. Open the Lesson Files folder.

3. Drag the file named Jimmy to the Trash.

4. Close the Lesson Files folder using the keyboard shortcut. 5. Open the Address Book application.

6. Close the Address Book application using the menu bar.

7. Display the Shortcut menu for the Lesson Files folder. Press the Esc key to close the Shortcut menu.

8. Using Help, search for the topic: Opening applications.

9. Display the Help Article Open applications and documents. Close the Finder window when you are finished viewing the article.

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L E S S O N 2 – I N T E R A C T I N G W I T H W I N D O W S

Lesson 2 - Interacting with

Windows

Lesson Topics:

2.1 The Parts of a Window

2.2 Navigating a Window

2.3 Minimizing, Zooming and Closing a Window

2.4 Moving a Window

2.5 Changing the Size of a Window

2.6 Displaying the Status Bar

2.7 Switching Between Windows

2.8 Hiding the Finder Toolbar

2.9 Using Mission Control

2.10 Changing Window Views

2.11 Using Quick Look

2

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2.1 The Parts of a Window

In this lesson, you will learn how to recognize the parts of a window.

hen working with the OS X operating system, you will quickly discover that each application or folder resides in its own window. A window is a box that that allows you to view and interact with the content of files, folders and applications. Windows are either square or rectangular and contain buttons, menus and controls that you can use to manage them. Windows that display your Home folder, the Applications folder or any folder containing files or other folders (or any folder that is not part of an application) are referred to as

Finder Windows. The Finder is an application that lets you manage your files and folders. View buttons Item Arrangement button Quick Look/ Slideshow Action Menu Dropbox button Quick Search Box Close Button, Minimize button, Zoom button Back and Forward buttons

Sidebar Change _width Scrollbars column

Toolbar

The Finder Window

You will mostly likely find yourself working with several open windows at once. The

active window is the window that appears on top of any other of the windows that you have open. You can also tell which window is active by looking at the Title Bar, the small thin bar on top of a window that contains the folder or application name. When a window is active, the title in the Title Bar appears darker than the Title Bar of an inactive window.

Let’s take a look at the Window controls in more detail:

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Control Description

Action Button The Action Button allows you to apply various file and folder options, such as New Folder, Get Info, Move to Trash, or Make Alias. You can also label a file or folder by clicking the action button.

Back and Forward

Buttons Takes you to the next or previous folder that you have already viewed.

Change Column

Width Border Click and drag the border on the column divider to change the width of the preceding column. To resize all columns at once, hold down the Option key as you drag.

Close Button Closes the window. This button is normally red. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, an X

appears.

Item Arrangement

button Allows you to arrange your window by Name, Kind, Application, Date Last Opened, Date Added, Date Modified, Date Created, Size, or Label.

Labels Labels allow you to categorize your files and folders by color. Using Labels, you can create a customizable sort order by assigning a priority to each label color.

Minimize Button Hides the window from your screen and places a miniature copy of the window in the Dock. The Minimize button is normally yellow. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, a minus sign (-)

appears.

Quick

Look/Slideshow Allows you view the contents of a selected item. Quick Search Lion searches as you type, narrowing the search as you

type more letters. Additionally, a drop-down list in the Search box allows you to specify search locations, such as Everywhere, Home or Local Disks.

Resize Control Drag to alter the size of a window

Scroll Bar (Scroller) Click and drag the Scroll Bar to bring the contents of another part of the window into view.

Scroll Track Click the Scroll Track to move the contents of a window in larger increments.

Sidebar The Sidebar displays mounted disks, file servers, and favorite folders. You can add files or folders to it by dragging the desired item to the left column. To quickly add an item to the sidebar, select the desired item and press  + T

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Control Description

Title Bar Displays the name of the folder you are currently viewing. Click and drag the Title Bar to move the window.

Double-click the Title Bar to minimize the window. To see the complete path to the active folder,  + click on the window title.

View Buttons These buttons allow you to view your windows in Icon view, List view, Column view, or Cover Flow view.

Zoom Button This button sizes the window (up to the size of your screen) just large enough to display all of the items in the window. Click again to restore the window’s previous size and location. When you move your mouse pointer near this button, a plus sign (+) appears.

In the rest of this lesson, you will be working with all of these window controls.

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2.2 Navigating a Window

In this lesson, you will learn how to navigate a window using Scroll Bars and Scroll

Arrows.

n previous versions of OS X, scroll Bars and Scroll Arrows appeared automatically in any window that is not sizeable enough to show all of its contents. With OS X Lion however, scroll bars do not appear as often as they used to, especially if you have a Trackpad or a Magic Mouse installed. Don’t worry though – if you prefer scroll bars to other navigation methods, you can bring them back: Click the Apple Menu, click System Preferences and then click the General icon. In the section entitled Show Scroll Bars, click the radio button next to

Always. The scroll bars will now always be visible. Other options include displaying them based upon the input device and only when scrolling.

To always display scroll bars

So what exactly are scroll bars? A scroll bar is a slider that appears at the edge of a window that allows you to jump to a different area of your window. Depending on the contents of your window, you may see both horizontal and vertical scroll bars. To move to a different position in a window, click the scroll bar with your left mouse button and, with the mouse button still held down, drag the scroll bar by moving your mouse until the desired portion of the window is in view.

Scroll Buttons allow you to move the contents of a window a little at a time. Click on the Scroll Up button to move upwards and the Scroll Down button to move downwards. Depending on the windows settings, the scroll buttons will be either right next to each other near the resize control or at opposite ends of the scroll track.

The Scroll Track allows you to move the contents of a window in larger increments. Click in the scroll track to move the window in chunks.

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Vertical Scroll Bar Horizontal Scroll Bar Scroll Track

There are several others ways to navigate a window:

Keyboard - Use the Page Up or Page Down keys on your keyboard to scroll a window, one screen at a time. In many documents, the Home key moves you to the beginning of a document and the End key moves you to the end of a document.

Mouse – If your mouse has a scroll wheel, you can scroll upwards or downwards in a window without needing to use the keyboard.

Trackpad – If you have a trackpad attached to your Mac, you can scroll upwards or downwards in a window by pushing two fingers upwards or downwards on the trackpad.

Magic Mouse – If you are using a Magic Mouse, you can scroll upwards or downwards in a window by pushing one finger upwards or downwards on the mouse.

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To Navigate a Window

1. Use the Page Up or Page Down keys on your keyboard to scroll a window, one screen at a time.

2. Use the Home key to move to the beginning of a document and the End key to move to the end of a document.

3. If displayed, click and drag the Scroll Bar to quickly jump to another portion of a window.

4. Click in the Scroll Track to navigate the contents of a window in larger chunks.

5. Push two fingers upwards or downwards on the trackpad (or one finger on a Magic Mouse) to move upwards or downwards in a window.

6. Use the scroll wheel on your mouse to scroll upwards or downwards in a window.

Let’s Try It!

What Why

1. Move your mouse pointer over the Go menu title on the Finder menu bar, and then click with your mouse button.

Displays the Go menu items.

2. Move your mouse pointer

downwards until Applications is highlighted.

Selects the menu command we want to execute. In this case, clicking the Applications command will open the Applications folder. Most applications are located in the Applications folder. 3. Click with your mouse button as

shown below. Opens the Applications folder.

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What Why

Select Go > Applications from the Finder window to

open the Applications window

4. Click the Page Down key on your keyboard once and notice the scroll bar on the right side and bottom of your screen

Scrolls downward a screen at a time. The scroll bars temporarily appear whenever you are scrolling.

Scroll bars temporarily appear when you press the Page Up or Page

Down key

5. Click the Scroll Bar on the Applications window with your mouse button and, with the mouse button still held down, drag downwards until the

TextEdit application is visible as shown below.

Moves to the bottom position of the Applications window.

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What Why

Click and drag the scroll bar downwards until the TextEdit application is visible TextEdit Application