02 Standing Waves.pptx

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predict wave reflection behavior when end of the medium is fixed or free.

calculate possible wavelengths of standing waves using medium characteristics.

relate standing waves to

harmonics and overtones.

I can . . .

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Reflection of Waves

(FREE End Reflection)

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Reflection of Waves

(FIXED End Reflection)

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If you continue to make

waves, the

returning

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If you generate waves of the

“CORRECT” wavelength,

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The returning wave will

arrive at a

crest

the

moment you are making

the

crest

of the next wave.

“In Step” for FREE End

Constructive Interference will occur,

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Close your eyes and make a standing wave.

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The returning wave will

arrive at a

trough

the

moment you are making

the

crest

of the next wave.

Destructive Interference will occur, and

the end of the medium will

not

move.

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Possible Standing Waves on a Fixed String

12 ft

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12 ft

Possible λ’s for a 12 ft medium 24 ft , 12 ft

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12 ft

Possible λ’s for a 12 ft medium 24 ft , 12 ft , 8 ft

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12 ft

Possible λ’s for a 12 ft medium 24 ft , 12 ft , 8 ft , 6 ft

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12 ft

Possible λ’s for a 12 ft medium 24 ft , 12 ft , 8 ft , 6 ft , 4.8 ft

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Possible λ’s for a 12 ft medium 24 ft , 12 ft , 8 ft , 6 ft , 4.8 ft

12 ft

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12 ft

Possible λ’s for any length, L

24 ft , 12 ft , 8 ft , 6 ft , 4.8 ft

2.4 ft 2.4 ft 2.4 ft 2.4 ft 2.4 ft

2 · L n

=

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Because each of these waves are

POSSIBLE,

each one of these waves will be

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POSSIBLE,

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(2nd Harmonic)

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(3rd Harmonic)

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(4

th

Harmonic)

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(5

th

Harmonic)

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http://mrchris.typepad.com/road_to_bora_bora/guitar.jpg

v = f · λ

64 cm 32 cm 21.3 cm 16 cm 21.3 cm 16 cm

Fundamental λ = 128 cm

2nd Harmonic λ = 64 cm

3rd Harmonic λ = 42.7 cm

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http://mrchris.typepad.com/road_to_bora_bora/guitar.jpg

v = f · λ

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http://tradepianos.co.uk/

http://www.kuczala.com/pages/p05_violin.html

http://www.freefoto.co.uk/preview.jsp?id=05-24-3 http://www.sammamishsublimationband.org/bandinstruments/flute.jpg

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The oscillator is just adding a little energy to make up for energy lost due to air resistance.

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Possible Standing Waves

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POSSIBLE,

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http://www.mymodelships.com/product_images/pid_3423_10.jpg

Wind

Chim

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C D E F G A B 130.81 Hz 146.83 Hz 164.81 Hz 174.61 Hz 196.00 Hz 220.00 Hz 246.94 Hz C D E F G A B 261.6 Hz 293.66 Hz 329.63 Hz 349.23 Hz 392.00 Hz 440.00 Hz 493.88 Hz C D E F G A B 523.25 Hz 587.33 Hz 659.26 Hz 698.46 Hz 783.99 Hz 880.00 Hz 987.77 Hz 1 1 1/

8

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predict wave reflection behavior when end of the medium is fixed or free.

calculate possible wavelengths of standing waves using medium characteristics.

relate standing waves to

harmonics and overtones.