554 B othalia 15, 3 & 4 (1985) N E W C O M B IN A T IO N S IN H E R S C H E L IA N T H E
T h e discovery that the genus Herschelia is illegiti m ate (R au sch ert, 1983) has necessitated the follow ing additional new com binations:
H erschelianthe forficaria (H. Bol.) N. C. A n thony, com b. nov.
Disa forficaria H . B o l., leones O rch . A u stro -A fr. 1: t. 87 (1896), T y p e: C ap e Province, D u T o it's K loof, Drege 2211b (K , h o le.).
H erschelianthe new digateae (L . Bol.) N. C. A n thony, com b. nov.
Disa newdigateae L . Bol. in Flow er. PI. A fr. 11: t. 415 (1931). T ype: C a p e Province, K nysna, Forest H all, Newdigate sub Bolus
6327 (B O L , holo.).
H erschelianthe schlechteriana (H. Bol.) N. C. Anthony, com b, nov.
Disa schlechteriana H . Bol. in T ra n s S. A fr. phil. Soc. 16: 149 (1907). T yp e: C a p e Province, R iversdale, G arcias P a ss, L u yi sub B O L 10571 (B O L . h o lo .; B M ; B R ; K; W).
H erschelianthe b a rb a ta (L. f .) N. C. A nthony, com b. nov.
Orchis barbata L . f ., Suppl. 399 (1781). T ype: C ape o f G o o d H o p e , Sparrman s .n . (L IN N , h o lo .; S).
Herschelianthe sp ath u lata (L . f.) Rauschert
subsp. trip a rtita ILindl.) N. C. Anthony, com b. nov.
Disa tripartita L in d l., G en . Sp. O rc h . 353 (1838). T y p e: C ap e Province, A lb an y , G eelh o u tb o o m , Drege 3577a (K , h o lo .; P ; S).
Herschelianthe lugens (H. Bol.) Rauschert war.
nigreseens (Linder) N. C. Anthony, com b, nov,
Herschelia lugens v ar. nigreseens L inder in B othalia 13: 379 (1981). T yp e: C a p e P rovince, H u m a n sd o rp , n ear O y s te r Bay,
Muller s .n . (N B G , holo.).
R E F E R E N C E
R A U S C H E R T , S ., 1983. B eitra g z u r N o m e n k latu r d e r O rchida-ceae. Feddes Repen. 94: 433-471.
N IC O L A C . A N T H O N Y *
* B olus H e rb ariu m , U niversity o f C ap e T o w n , R ondebosch 7700.
P T E R ID O P H Y T A
T W O N E W T A X A A N D A N E W C O M B IN A T IO N IN S O U T H E R N A F R IC A N P T E R ID O P H Y T A
A S P ID IA C E A E
In so u th ern A frica the nam e Polystichum lucidum
(B urm . f.) B echerer has traditionally been applied to th e few-scaled, forest-dwelling species o f Polysti chum cen tred in C ape Province, while sim ilarly the nam e Polystichum pungens (K au lf.) Presl has been used to d e n o te th e high altitude rocky h ab itat, ferru- gineous-scaled species. R ecent exam inations o f the type specim ens o f b o th taxa necessitate several changes:
T h e type o f Asplenium lucidum B urm . f. in G e n eva has been in terp reted by M orton (P hotog rap hs of F ern Specim ens distributed by th e U .S. N ational M useum no. 3865) as Asplenium adiantum-nigrum:
‘T h ere are tw o specim ens in G e n ev a, both collected by B urm an and both labelled A . lucidum. T his one . . . ’ (a photograph o f Asplenium adiantum-nigrum)
. . agrees with th e description best . .
T h e type o f Aspidium pungens in Leningrad has been found to b e th e forest-dw elling species o f Poly stichum.
T he result o f these discoveries is th ere fo re a change in the application o f th e ep ith et ‘p u ng ens' to th e forest species a n d , since th e re is no subsequent ep ith et, a new nam e fo r th e m ontane species: P. monticola. P hotographs o f all th e revelant type specim ens are lodged in th e Bolus H erbarium .
Polystichum m onticola N. C. A nthony & Schelpe sp. nov.
Rhizom a rep ens, c. 15 m m d iam etro , basibus per- sistentibus stipitum e t paleis lanceolatis ferrugineis breviter laciniatis concoloris castaneo-fasciatisve c. 10 mm longis onustum . Frondes caespitosae a d
api-cem rhizom ae, arcu atae; stipes pallido-brunneae, den se paleis brunneis vel p ierum que ferrugineis latis et angustis vestitus, d eniqu e subglaber p ra e te r base caespitem paleum ; lamina h erb acea ad te n u ite r car- noso-coriacea, o v ato -tru n cata, c, 350 x 140 m m, bi- pinnata ad tripinnatifida, pinn ae basales aegre re- du cta; pinnae angustissim e o v atae , a tte n u a ta e ; pin- nulae prim um visum lu n atae, aristae non prom inens, supra g lab rae, infra paleis capillaceis conspersis ves- titae; venatio subm anifesta; rhachis rhachides secun- dariaeque paleis ferrugineis laciniatis p raed itae. Sori
c. 1 - 1 , 5 mm diam etro ; indusium m em branaceum , ero su m , c. 1 mm diam etro.
T Y P E . — C ape Province, C ape P eninsula, Devil’s Peak, D ark G o rg e, Esterhuysen 26685 (B O L , h o lo .; B; C ; CHR^ G ; G H ; K ; M ; M O ; N B G ; N U ; P; PR ; P R E ; S; STE).
Polystichum pungens sen su S im , F ern s S. A fr. ed n 2: 1 1 6 ,!. 27 (1915).
R hizom e creeping, c. 15 mm in d iam eter, with persistent stipe bases an d set w ith lanceolate ferrugi- neous shortly laciniate concolorous o r castaneous- striped rhizom e-scales c. 10 mm long. Fronds tufted a t th e front o f the rhizom e, arching: stipe pale- brown , thickly set w ith brow n o r m ore usually ferru- gineous broad an d narrow scales, becom ing subgla- brous with age except fo r a tu ft o f scales basally;
lamina h erb aceo us to thinly coriaceous, ov ate-tru n ca te . c. 350 x 140 m m , 2-pinnate to 3-pinnatifid, the basal pinn ae only slightly red uced ; pinnae very n a r rowly o v a te , atte n u a te ; pinnules ap p earin g lu nate, th e aristae n o t prom inent, glabrous ventrally, set with occasional hair-like scales dorsally; venation
B othalia 15, 3 & 4 (1985) 555 set with num erous laciniate-based ferrugineous
scales. Sori c. 1-1.5 m m in d iam eter; indusium m em b ranous, ero se, c. 1 mm in diam eter.
P. monticola is found o n rocky m ountain slopes in shaded habitats, betw een c. 1 000-2 000 m altitude in th e C ape Province, T ran sk ei, L esotho, N atal and O range F ree State.
Vouchers
Dieierlen 695 (P R E ; S A M ; S T E ); Esterhuysen
26698 (B ; B O L ; C ; G ; G H ; K; M; M O; N B G ; N U ; PR ; P R E ; S T E ); Esterhuysen 35645 (B ; B O L; C; G; G H ; K; M; M O ; N B G ; N U ; P; P R E ; S; STE); Hill iard & Buru 11795 (N U ; P R E ); Schlechter 6932 (N B G ; P R E ).
B L E C H N A C E A E
Blechnum australe L. var. ab erran s N. C. A n thony & Schelpe var. nov.; a varietato typico Blech num australe L. lamina fertili non reducti et lam ina sterili sim ili, et soris discretis, ad angulum costae portatis haud aegre distinguitur.
T Y P E . — C ape Province, S tutterheim , A m a- bele, Hardcastle 297 (N B G , holo.).
Easily distinguished from th e typical variety of
Blechnum australe L. by the fertile lam ina being sim ilar to the sterile lam ina, and the sori being discrete and set at an angle to th e costa.
T his taxon is therefore sim ilar to Blechnum punc- tulatum var. krebsii (Kunze) Sim which is also found in the ea ste rn C ape Province, and fu rth e r eastw ards into th e T ranskei and N atal. T he lack o f both pointed apices to the pinnae an d m inute marginal teeth distinguish it from B. australe var. aberrans.
IS O E T A C E A E
Isoetes capensis Duthie var. stephansenii (Du- thie) Schelpe & N, C. Anthony com b, e t stat. nov.
Isoetes stephansenii D uihic in T ran s. R. Soc. S . A fr, 17: 330 (1929).
N . C . A N T H O N Y * an d E. A . SC H EL PE *
* B olus H erb ariu m . U niversity o f C a p e T o w n . R ondebosch 7700.
x PLEO PO D IU M — A P U T A T IV E IN T E R G E N E R IC F E R N H Y B R ID F R O M A F R IC A
Sim (1892) described a new variety o f the com m on epiphytic fern now known as Pleopeltis macrocarpa
(B ory ex W illd.) K aulf., nam ing it var. sinuatum d u e to the d ep artu res o f the frond shape from th e norm al subentire form . T he extrem e irregularity o f th e lam i n ar outline in th e know n collections, even on a single plant, has prom pted a reinvestigation o f this w ide spread form . It now seem s most probable that this taxon is no t a simple variety but an intergeneric hy brid,
A study was m ade o f the available herbarium m a terial o f Polypodium polypodioides subsp. ecklonii
(K unze) Schelpe, Pleopeltis macrocarpa and the p u tative hybrid. In addition, live colonies o f all th ree taxa w ere available for study at th e N ational B otanic G ardens, Kirstenbosch.
T h e venation p attern s w ere obtained by soaking herbarium m aterial in a com m ercial solution o f so dium hypochlorite (3 ,5 % ) for 2 to 3 days and the venation th en draw n with th e aid of a dissecting m icroscope an d drawing tube.
Frond shape
T h e gross m orphologies o f th e putative parents
Pleopeltis macrocarpa and Polypodium polypo dioides subsp. ecklonii are depicted in Fig. 5A & C respectively. A range o f frond shapes o f the putative hybrid is depicted as Fig. 5B - B '; th e ir m ost obvious feature is the extrem e variation and irregularity of th e lobing. T h e entire lanceolate outline o f P. macrocarpa an d th e deeply pinnatifid one o f P. poly podioides subsp. ecklonii are com bined very irregu larly, resulting in ran dom sinuations, closely ju x ta posed deltate segm ents and broadly ad nate, elong ate lobes. T h ese are usually confined to th e lower portion o f the frond, which is in tu rn o ften sterile.
Scales
A com parison o f the scale m orphology o f b o th rhi- zom e-scales and lam ina-scales yielded th e following results, depicted in Fig. 6:
P. macrocarpa has relatively short an d bro ad rhi- zom e-scales, with the thickened cen tral area d ark brow n, fading tow ards th e ap ex , an d quite narrow relative to th e pale marginal a re a . T he m argin itself is irregularly laciniate-erose. P. polypodioides
subsp. ecklonii has long, narrow rhizom e-scales with an alm ost black central stripe extending uniform ly alm ost to th e apex, and very narrow pale margins. T he m argin itself is erose and lacks th e d ee p irregu lar lacerations o f P. macrocarpa. T o th e naked eye, the rhizom e of the Polypodium is effectively darker and relatively sm ooth, w hereas that of th e Pleopeltis
is p aler and has a scurfy appearance. T h e rhizome- scales o f x Pleopodium simiana are interm ediate in having the elongate shape o f th e scales o f th e Poly podium and the margin and central thickening of the scales of th e Pleopeltis.
T h e lam ina-scales follow th e sam e p a tte rn in characteristics o f the margin an d central thickening (scales o f a sim ilar sh ape w ere chosen fo r illustra tion). T hose of P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii
556 B o th aiia 15, 3 & 4 (1985)
F IG . 5. — A , Pleopehis macrocarpa, N a ta!, L io n s R iv er, 'B ra c o ', K ark lo o f, Schelpe 5129 (B O L ). B 1' 3 x Pleopodium simiana: B 1,
Schelpe 6039 (B O L ).; B2, Esterhuysen 13265 (B O L ); B3, Pope 152 (B O L ). B4, Pleopehis macrocarpa m u ta n t, K enya, S outh K inangop, Isaac 3004 (B O L ). C . Polypodium polypodioides su b sp . ecklonii, C a p e P rovince, G riq u a la n d E a s t, Z u u rb e rg ,
Ty-F1G . 6 . — R hizom e-scale a n d tw o iam ina-scales. A , Pleopehis macrocarpa, N a ta l, L io n s
R iv e r, B ra c o ', K a rk lo o f,
Schelpe 5129 (B O L ); B , x
Pleopodium simiana, Schelpe
6039 (B O L ); C , Poly podium polypodioides subsp. ecklonii,
B othalia 15, 3 & 4 (1985) 557
Venation
In P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii the venation is free (see Fig 7 ), w hereas in P. macrocarpa th e veins anastom ose along th e whole length o f th e lam ina. In x Pleopodium simiana the veins anastom ose within the lobes, bu t no t betw een th e m , in th e m ore deeply sinuate portions o f the lam ina.
Sori
T h e positioning o f th e sori in th e putative hybrid follows th e p a tte rn o f P. macrocarpa when th e lob- ing is shallow, being placed in th e upper unlobed p o rtio n o f the frond. W hen th e lobes are well-devel- o p ed they o ften b e a r sori close to th e m argin, as in
P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii. T he sori them selves are interm ediate in size an d are usually com pletely surrounded by th e peltate lam ina-scales w hen young, as in P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii.
T h e young sori o f P. macrocarpa are covered by p eltate paraphyses, som e o f which often persist to m aturity, w hereas th e sori o f P. polypodioides
subsp. ecklonii do not have paraphyses. T he sori of th e specim ens o f th e putative hybrid exam ined d o not have peltate paraphyses an d th e spores are ab o r tive.
A n o te o f interest here is the existence o f th ree collections of P. macrocarpa with irregularly-shaped fronds from localities outside th e distribution range o f P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii. F u rth er exam i nation o f these specim ens revealed th e presence o f p eltate paraphyses in th e sori an d norm al spores in all th re e . It is postulated th a t these are m utants o f the norm al form — specim ens with irregularly shaped fronds th a t d o occasionally occur in n a tu re , e .g . th e abnorm al fronds o f species o f Blechnum atx- tenuatum an d B. punctulatum illustrated by Sim (1915, plates 76 and 78). C om parable m utants of
Phyllitis scolopendrium with lobed instead o f entire fronds are well know n in h orticulture (see Scolopen drium vulgare in Lowe, 1872). Fig. 5 B‘ is an illustra tion o f a frond tak en from just such a m utant speci m en from K enya ( Isaac 3004). T he o th e r know n sports w ere collected above Kirstenbosch o n the C ape Peninsula (Schelpe sub B O L 32597) an d in U ganda (Stauffer 679). T h e th re e are sim ilar in that th e random sinuations are superim posed o n the
basic P. macrocarpa frond outline an d a re consid ered to be sim ple enations.
T h e distribution ranges o f th e th re e tax a are show n in Figs 8-10.
W agner & W agner (1975) describe a very sim ilar polypodiaceous hybrid from Jam aica, Polypodium
x leucosporum Kiotz. Its putative p aren ts are Poly podium lanceolatum L. (synonym ous with Pleopeltis macrocarpa) and Polypodium thyssanolepis A . Br. (a ‘divided-leaved’ taxon w ith anastom osing vena tion ). In th e case o f P. x leucosporum, cytology re vealed th e presence o f both 4x a n d 5x form s. The auth o rs n o te th at th e spores are abortive an d con clude th a t ‘in Jam aica, P. x leucosporum arose a s a sterile cross o f tetrap lo id form s o f th e paren tal species’. N o cytological w ork was c a rried o u t on the th ree so u th ern African taxa.
x Pleopodium Schelpe & N. C. Anthony. Pleopeltis H . B . K. ex W illd. x Polypodium L.
x Pleopodium sim ianum Schelpe <£ N. C. A n thony hybr. nov.; filix inter Pleopeltis macrocarpa
(B ory ex W illd.) Kaulf. et Polypodium polypo dioides subsp. ecklonii (K unze) Schelpe quasi in ter m edia et verisim iliter ex h y b ratio ne harum taxorum o rta , ab am bobus irregulariter fo rm o pinnatifido frondium et sporis abortivis differt; a P. macrocarpa
paraphysum p eltatorum in indusio ab se n to e t a P. polypodioides subsp. ecklonii sem per lobis subdelta- tis et angulatioribus etiam recedit.
T Y P E . — N atal, Lions R iver D istrict, E ver glades, Moll 1263 (B O L , h olo .; P R E , iso.).
Polypodium lanceolatum var, sinuatum S im , F e m s S. A fr. e d n 1; 202, t . 118 (1892), F e m s S. A fr. e d n 2; 2 7 9 ,1. 143 (1915). Syn- types: S ou th A frica. C a p e P rovince, T sitsik am m a, A shentone s.n, (? K ), F ordyce T r e e , Holland s.n . (N B G 80444!), B oschberg, Mac-Owan s .n ., above P erie M ission S ta tio n , Sim s .n ., above Evelyn V alley, Sim s .n .; N a tal, Seven M ile B ush, U p p e r U m k o m aas, o n th e heights n e a r Y o rk , Buchanan s.n.
Pleopeltis macrocarpa form a sinuata (S im ) Schelpe in C o n tr, B olus H e rb . 1: 96 (1969).
A fern alm ost interm ediate betw een Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Bory ex W illd.) Kaulf. and Polypo dium polypodioides subsp. ecklonii (K unze) Schelpe a n d probably arising from th e hybridization o f these taxa, it differs from both by th e irregularly pinnatifid
1 0 r
F IG . 7 . — V en atio n . A , Pleopeltis m acrocarpa. N a ta l, L io n s R iv e r, ‘B ra c o ’, K a rk lo o f,
Schelpe 5129 (B O L ); B , x
Pleopodium simiana, Schelpe
6039 (B O L ); C , Polypodium polypodioides su b sp . ecklonii,
C a p e P ro v in ce, H ogsback,
558 B othalia 15, 3 & 4 (1985)
F IG . 8 . — D istribution range o f
P leo p eh is m acrocarpa in A frica,
F IG . 9 . — D istribution range o f x
B othalia 15, 3 & 4 (1985) 559
F IG . 10. — D istribution range of
P olypodium polypodioides
subsp. ecklonii.
lam ina shape and abortive spores; from P. macro carpa it differs also in th e lack o f peltate paraphyses in th e indusium , an d from P. polypodioides subsp.
ecklonii by the lobes being m ost often subdeltate and m ore steeply angled.
R hizom e creeping, c. 2-3 m m in diam eter, set w ith p e lta te , laciniate-lacerate, ovate-lanceolate, pale rhizom e-scales c. 3 x 0,7 mm with a cen tral, d ark brow n stripe, Fronds spaced 20-25 mm ap a rt;
stipe set w ith p eltate, rounded to ovate-lanceolate scales, becom ing subglabrous with age; lamina thinly carnose-coriaceous, c. 140 x 20 mm , sinuate to deeply pinnatifid, o ften only in th e low er half, ir regular, th e segm ents unequally d eb a te o r th e elo n gate segm ents ad n a te , set at an angle to th e costa, u p p er half o ften subentire to very shallowly sinuate around the sori, set w ith p eltate, erose-lacerate, rou nded, dark-centred scales less than 1 mm in di am ete r dorsally, ovate-lanceolate tow ards the costa, and very occasional sim ilar scales ventrally; veins
anastom osing in groups within the segm ents o r throu ghou t th e non-pinnatifid portions. Sori bo rn e in tw o rows, o n e on either side o f th e costa, in the u p p er p arts o f the lam ina, o r borne in th e lobes, close to th e m argins o f th e longer lobes, oval, non- paraphysate; spores abortive.
Known localities o f the putative hybrid:
Z IM B A B W E . — 1831 (M arandellas): W edza M ountain (-D C )
Burrows 2924 (B O L ). 2030 (F o rt V ictoria): Belingw e. M t Buhwa ( -C B ) Pope 955 (B O L ; P R E ; S R G H ). 2031 (B ikita): M t H orzi ( - B A ) Pope 152 (B O L ; PR E ; S R G H ).
T R A N S V A A L . — 2329 (P ietersburg): H outboschberg (~ D D )
Schlechier 163 (P R E ), Schlechter 4452 (B O L ). 2330 (T zaneen): W ood b u sh ( -C C ) Schelpe 6039 (B O L ). 2430 (Pilgrim s R est): M ariep sk o p , B edford F o o tp a th ( - D B ) V.d. Schijff 4958, 5580
(P R E ); G ra sk o p a re a , E rasm us K o p ( - D B ) Hardcasile 51 (P R E ).
2530 (L ydenburg): Lydenburg, C orom andel F arm (-A B ) Bur rows 3076 (B O L ); L ong T o m Pass ( - C A ) Balsinhas & Kersberg 2126 ( P R E ); L o n g T o m S tate F o re st, S abie ( - C A ) Burrows 3242
(B O L ): Stella M ine ( - D B ) V. Jaarsveld 311 (N B G , P R E ). N A T A L . — 2830 (D u n d ee): Um singa ( - D A ) Buchanan s.n.
2929 (U n d e rb erg ): H latikulu F orest ( - B A ) Killick 1955 (P R E ); Im pendhle, Seven M ile B ush ( -D B ) Sim: Im p en d h le ( - D B ) Ran dles 80 (N U ). 2930 (P ieterm aritzburg): E verglades ( - A C ) Moll 1263 (B O L ; P R E ); U m gcni above M idm ar (-A C ) M olt 1240
(B O L ; N U ; P R E ); Z w artkop ( -C B ) Hilt 161 (P R E ), Sim sub CH 4231 (P R E ), Lawson 204 (N U ).
C A P E . — 3225 (S om erset E ast): B oschbcrg ( - D A ) MacOwan s.n. 3226 (F o rt B eaufort): F ordyce T re e ( -C B ) Holland s.n.
(N B G 80444); H o g s b a c k (-D B ) Esterhuysen 13265 (B O L ), Giffen 511 (P R E ), 3227 (S tutterheim ): above E velyn Valley (-C A ) Sim;
H ogsback, G u n cu k a F orest ( - C A ) Roux 514 (N B G ); F ra n k fo rt (-C B ) Sim 446 (P R E ); Perie Forest (-C B ) Sim 445. 447, 675
(P R E ), Flanagan FH 54 (P R E ); above P erie M ission S tation ( -C C ) Sim. 3325 (P o rt E lizabeth): V an S ta ad en sb erg (-C C )
MacOwan s.n. 3423 (K nysna): Knysna ( - A A ) Pappe s.n.: T-iitsi kam m a ( -B B ) Atherstone s.n.
R E F E R E N C E S
L O W E , E . J . , 1872. Ferns: British and ExoticS. L o n d o n : G eorge Bell.
S IM , T - R ., 1892. Ferns o f South Africa ed n 1. Ju ta.
S IM , T . R ., 1915. Ferns o f South Africa ed n 2. C am bridge U n i versity Press.
W A G N E R , W . H ., 1962. Irregular m orphological d evelopm ent in hybrid ferns. Phytomorphology 12: 87-100.
W A G N E R , W , H . & W A G N E R . F. S . , 1975. A hybrid polypody from th e New W orld tropics. Fern G az. 11: 125-135.
N IC O L A C . A N T H O N Y * an d E . A . S C H E L P E 1
