Java AWT Example

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AWT

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AWT

■ Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API to develop GUI or window-based applications in java.

■ Java AWT components are platform-dependent i.e.

components are displayed according to the view of operating system. AWT is heavyweight i.e. its components are using the resources of OS.

■ The java.awt package provides classes for AWT api such as TextField, Label, TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List etc.

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Java AWT Hierarchy

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■ Container

The Container is a component in AWT that can contain another components like buttons, textfields, labels etc. The classes that extends Container class are known as container such as Frame, Dialog and Panel.

■ Window

The window is the container that have no borders and menu

bars. You must use frame, dialog or another window for creating a window.

■ Panel

The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and menu bars. It can have other components like button, textfield etc.

■ Frame

The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have menu bars. It can have other components like button, textfield etc

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Useful Methods of Component class

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Java AWT Example

To create simple awt example, you need a frame.

There are two ways to create a frame in AWT.

■ By extending Frame class (inheritance)

■ By creating the object of Frame class (association)

6

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AWT Example by Inheritance

■ import java.awt.*;

■ class First extends Frame{

■ First(){

■ Button b=new Button("click me");

■ b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);// setting button position

■ add(b);//adding button into frame

■ setSize(300,300);//frame size 300 width and 300 height

■ setLayout(null);//no layout manager

■ setVisible(true);//now frame will be visible, by default not visible

■ }

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Output

8

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AWT Example by Association

■ import java.awt.*;

■ class First2{

■ First2(){

■ Frame f=new Frame();

■ Button b=new Button("click me");

■ b.setBounds(30,50,80,30);

■ f.add(b);

■ f.setSize(300,300);

■ f.setLayout(null);

■ f.setVisible(true);

■ }

■ public static void main(String args[]){

■ First2 f=new First2();

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Output

10

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Java AWT Button

■ The button class is used to create a labeled button that has platform independent implementation.

The application result in some action when the button is pushed.

AWT Button Class declaration

public class Button extends Component implements Accessi ble

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Java AWT Button Example

■ public class ButtonExample {

■ public static void main(String[] args) {

■ Frame f=new Frame("Button Example");

■ Button b=new Button("Click Here");

■ b.setBounds(50,100,80,30);

■ f.add(b);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

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Java AWT Button Example with ActionListener

■ import java.awt.event.*;

■ Frame f=new Frame("Button Example");

■ final TextField tf=new TextField();

■ tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);

■ Button b=new Button("Click Here");

■ b.setBounds(50,100,60,30);

■ b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

■ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

■ tf.setText("Welcome to sharda");

■ }

■ });

■ f.add(b);f.add(tf);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

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14

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Java AWT Label

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Java Label Example

■ class LabelExample{

■ Frame f= new Frame("Label Example");

■ Label l1,l2;

■ l1=new Label("First Label.");

■ l1.setBounds(50,100, 100,30);

■ l2=new Label("Second Label.");

■ l2.setBounds(50,150, 100,30);

■ f.add(l1); f.add(l2);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

16

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Output

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Java AWT Label Example with ActionListener

■ public class LabelExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{

■ TextField tf; Label l; Button b;

■ LabelExample(){

■ tf=new TextField();

■ tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);

■ l=new Label();

■ l.setBounds(50,100, 250,20);

■ b=new Button("Find IP");

■ b.setBounds(50,150,60,30);

■ b.addActionListener(this);

■ add(b);add(tf);add(l);

■ setSize(400,400);

■ setLayout(null);

■ setVisible(true);

■ }

■ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

■ try{

■ String host=tf.getText();

■ String ip=java.net.InetAddress.getByName(host).getHostAddress();

■ l.setText("IP of "+host+" is: "+ip);

■ }catch(Exception ex){System.out.println(ex);}

■ }

■ new LabelExample();

■ }

■ } 18

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Output

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Java AWT TextField

20

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Java AWT TextField Example

■ class TextFieldExample{

■ Frame f= new Frame("TextField Example");

■ TextField t1,t2;

■ t1=new TextField("Welcome ");

■ t1.setBounds(50,100, 200,30);

■ t2=new TextField("AWT Tutorial");

■ t2.setBounds(50,150, 200,30);

■ f.add(t1); f.add(t2);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

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Java AWT TextField Example with ActionListener

■ public class TextFieldExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{

■ TextField tf1,tf2,tf3;

■ Button b1,b2;

■ TextFieldExample(){

■ tf1=new TextField();

■ tf1.setBounds(50,50,150,20);

■ tf2.setBounds(50,100,150,20);

■ tf3.setBounds(50,150,150,20);

■ tf3.setEditable(false);

■ b1=new Button("+");

■ b1.setBounds(50,200,50,50);

■ b2=new Button("-");

■ b2.setBounds(120,200,50,50);

■ b1.addActionListener(this);

■ b2.addActionListener(this);

■ add(tf1);add(tf2);add(tf3);add(b1);add(b2);

■ setSize(300,300);

■ }

■

22

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Contd..

■ String s1=tf1.getText();

■ String s2=tf2.getText();

■ int a=Integer.parseInt(s1);

■ int b=Integer.parseInt(s2);

■ int c=0;

■ if(e.getSource()==b1){

■ c=a+b;

■ }else if(e.getSource()==b2){

■ c=a-b;

■ }

■ String result=String.valueOf(c);

■ tf3.setText(result);

■ }

■ new TextFieldExample();

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Output

24

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Java AWT TextArea

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Java AWT TextArea Example

■ public class TextAreaExample

■ {

■ TextAreaExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame();

■ TextArea area=new TextArea("Welcome Friends");

■ area.setBounds(10,30, 300,300);

■ f.add(area);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ public static void main(String args[])

■ {

■ new TextAreaExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT TextArea Example with ActionListener

■ public class TextAreaExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{

■ Label l1,l2;

■ TextArea area;

■ Button b;

■ TextAreaExample(){

■ l1=new Label();

■ l1.setBounds(50,50,100,30);

■ l2=new Label();

■ l2.setBounds(160,50,100,30);

■ area=new TextArea();

■ area.setBounds(20,100,300,300);

■ b=new Button("Count Words");

■ b.setBounds(100,400,100,30);

■ add(l1);add(l2);add(area);add(b);

■ setSize(400,450);

■ } ²⁸

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Contd..

■ String text=area.getText();

■ String words[]=text.split("\\s");

■ l1.setText("Words: "+words.length);

■ l2.setText("Characters: "+text.length());

■ }

■ new TextAreaExample();

■ }

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Output

30

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Java AWT Checkbox

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Java AWT Checkbox Example

■ public class CheckboxExample

■ {

■ CheckboxExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("Checkbox Example");

■ Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("C++");

■ checkbox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);

■ Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("Java", true);

■ f.add(checkbox1);

■ f.add(checkbox2);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new CheckboxExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT Checkbox Example with ItemListener

■ public class CheckboxExample

■ {

■ CheckboxExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("CheckBox Example");

■ final Label label = new Label();

■ label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);

■ label.setSize(400,100);

■ Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("C++");

■ Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("Java");

■ f.add(checkbox1); f.add(checkbox2); f.add(label);

■ checkbox1.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {

■ public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {

■ label.setText("C++ Checkbox: "

■ + (e.getStateChange()==1?"checked":"unchecked"));

■ }

■ }); ₃₄

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Contd…

■ checkbox2.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {

■ label.setText("Java Checkbox: "

■ + (e.getStateChange()==1?"checked":"unchecked"));

■ }

■ });

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new CheckboxExample();

■ }

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Output

36

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Java AWT CheckboxGroup

■ The object of CheckboxGroup class is used to group together a set of Checkbox. At a time only one check box button is allowed to be in "on" state and remaining check box button in "off" state. It inherits the object class.

■ Note: CheckboxGroup enables you to create radio buttons in AWT.

There is no special control for creating radio buttons in AWT.

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Java AWT CheckboxGroup Example

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■ public class CheckboxGroupExample

■ {

■ CheckboxGroupExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("CheckboxGroup Example");

■ CheckboxGroup cbg = new CheckboxGroup();

■ Checkbox checkBox1 = new Checkbox("C++", cbg, false);

■ checkBox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);

■ Checkbox checkBox2 = new Checkbox("Java", cbg, true);

■ f.add(checkBox1);

■ f.add(checkBox2);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new CheckboxGroupExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT CheckboxGroup Example with ItemListener

■ public class CheckboxGroupExample

■ {

■ CheckboxGroupExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("CheckboxGroup Example");

■ CheckboxGroup cbg = new CheckboxGroup();

■ Checkbox checkBox1 = new Checkbox("C++", cbg, false);

■ Checkbox checkBox2 = new Checkbox("Java", cbg, false);

■ f.add(checkBox1); f.add(checkBox2); f.add(label);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ checkBox1.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {

■ label.setText("C++ checkbox: Checked");

■ }

■ });

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Contd…

■ checkBox2.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {

■ label.setText("Java checkbox: Checked");

■ }

■ });

■ }

■ {

■ new CheckboxGroupExample();

■ }

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Output

42

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Java AWT Choice

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Java AWT Choice Example

■ public class ChoiceExample

■ {

■ ChoiceExample(){

■ Choice c=new Choice();

■ c.setBounds(100,100, 75,75);

■ c.add("Item 1");

■ f.add(c);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new ChoiceExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT Choice Example with ActionListener

■ public class ChoiceExample

■ {

■ ChoiceExample(){

■ Button b=new Button("Show");

■ b.setBounds(200,100,50,20);

■ final Choice c=new Choice();

■ c.setBounds(100,100, 75,75);

■ c.add("C");

■ c.add("C++");

■ c.add("Java");

■ c.add("PHP");

■ c.add("Android");

■ f.add(c);f.add(label); f.add(b);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { ⁴⁶

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Contd..

■ String data = "Programming language Selected: "+ c.getItem(c.getSelectedIndex());

■ label.setText(data);

■ }

■ });

■ }

■ {

■ new ChoiceExample();

■ }

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Output

48

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Java AWT List

■ The object of List class represents a list of text items. By the help of list, user can choose either one item or multiple items.

It inherits Component class.

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Java AWT List Example

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■ public class ListExample

■ {

■ ListExample(){

■ List l1=new List(5);

■ l1.setBounds(100,100, 75,75);

■ l1.add("Item 1");

■ f.add(l1);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new ListExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT List Example with ActionListener

■ public class ListExample

■ {

■ ListExample(){

■ Button b=new Button("Show");

■ b.setBounds(200,150,80,30);

■ final List l1=new List(4, false);

■ l1.setBounds(100,100, 70,70);

■ l1.add("C");

■ l1.add("C++");

■ l1.add("Java");

■ l1.add("PHP");

■ final List l2=new List(4, true);

■ l2.setBounds(100,200, 70,70);

■ l2.add("Turbo C++");

■ l2.add("Spring");

■ l2.add("Hibernate");

■ l2.add("CodeIgniter");

■ f.add(l1); f.add(l2); f.add(label); f.add(b);

■ f.setSize(450,450);

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Contd..

■ b.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

■ String data = "Programming language Selected: "+l1.getItem(l1.getSelectedIndex());

■ data += ", Framework Selected:";

■ for(String frame:l2.getSelectedItems()){

■ data += frame + " ";

■ }

■ label.setText(data);

■ }

■ });

■ }

■ {

new ListExample();

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Output

54

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Java AWT Canvas

■ The Canvas control represents a blank rectangular area where the application can draw or trap input events from the user. It inherits the Component class.

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Java AWT Canvas Example

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■ public class CanvasExample

■ {

■ public CanvasExample()

■ {

■ Frame f= new Frame("Canvas Example");

■ f.add(new MyCanvas());

■ f.setSize(400, 400);

■ }

■ {

■ new CanvasExample();

■ }

■ class MyCanvas extends Canvas

■ {

■ public MyCanvas() {

■ setBackground (Color.GRAY);

■ setSize(300, 200);

■ }

■ public void paint(Graphics g)

■ {

■ g.setColor(Color.red);

■ g.fillOval(75, 75, 150, 75);

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT Scrollbar

■ The object of Scrollbar class is used to add horizontal and vertical scrollbar. Scrollbar is a GUI component allows us to see invisible number of rows and columns.

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Java AWT Scrollbar Example

■ class ScrollbarExample{

■ ScrollbarExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("Scrollbar Example");

■ Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();

■ s.setBounds(100,100, 50,100);

■ f.add(s);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ new ScrollbarExample();

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Output

60

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Java AWT Scrollbar Example with AdjustmentListener

■ class ScrollbarExample{

■ ScrollbarExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("Scrollbar Example");

■ final Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();

■ s.setBounds(100,100, 50,100);

■ f.add(s);f.add(label);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

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Contd…

■ s.addAdjustmentListener(new AdjustmentListener() {

■ public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) {

■ label.setText("Vertical Scrollbar value is:"+ s.getValue());

■ }

■ });

■ }

■ new ScrollbarExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT MenuItem and Menu

■ The object of MenuItem class adds a simple labeled menu item on menu. The items used in a menu must belong to the MenuItem or any of its subclass.

■ The object of Menu class is a pull down menu component which is displayed on the menu bar. It inherits the MenuItem class.

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Java AWT MenuItem and Menu Example

■ class MenuExample

■ {

■ MenuExample(){

■ Frame f= new Frame("Menu and MenuItem Example");

■ MenuBar mb=new MenuBar();

■ Menu menu=new Menu("Menu");

■ Menu submenu=new Menu("Sub Menu");

■ MenuItem i1=new MenuItem("Item 1");

■ menu.add(i1);

■ menu.add(i2);

■ menu.add(i3);

■ submenu.add(i4);

■ submenu.add(i5);

■ menu.add(submenu);

■ mb.add(menu);

■ f.setMenuBar(mb);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

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Output

66

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Java AWT PopupMenu

■ PopupMenu can be dynamically popped up at specific position within a component. It inherits the Menu class.

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Java AWT PopupMenu Example

68

■ class PopupMenuExample

■ {

■ PopupMenuExample(){

■ final Frame f= new Frame("PopupMenu Example");

■ final PopupMenu popupmenu = new PopupMenu("Edit");

■ MenuItem cut = new MenuItem("Cut");

■ cut.setActionCommand("Cut");

■ MenuItem copy = new MenuItem("Copy");

■ copy.setActionCommand("Copy");

■ MenuItem paste = new MenuItem("Paste");

■ paste.setActionCommand("Paste");

■ popupmenu.add(cut);

■ popupmenu.add(copy);

■ popupmenu.add(paste);

■ f.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {

■ public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {

■ popupmenu.show(f , e.getX(), e.getY());

■ }

■ });

■

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Contd..

■ f.add(popupmenu);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new PopupMenuExample();

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Output

70

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Java AWT Panel

■ The Panel is a simplest container class. It provides space in which an

application can attach any other component. It inherits the Container class.

■ It doesn't have title bar.

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Java AWT Panel Example

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■ public class PanelExample {

■ PanelExample()

■ {

■ Frame f= new Frame("Panel Example");

■ Panel panel=new Panel();

■ panel.setBounds(40,80,200,200);

■ panel.setBackground(Color.gray);

■ Button b1=new Button("Button 1");

■ b1.setBounds(50,100,80,30);

■ b1.setBackground(Color.yellow);

■ Button b2=new Button("Button 2");

■ b2.setBounds(100,100,80,30);

■ b2.setBackground(Color.green);

■ panel.add(b1); panel.add(b2);

■ f.add(panel);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

■ {

■ new PanelExample();

■ }

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Output

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Java AWT Dialog

■ The Dialog control represents a top level window with a border and a title used to take some form of input from the user. It inherits the Window class.

■ Unlike Frame, it doesn't have maximize and minimize buttons.

Frame vs Dialog

■ Frame and Dialog both inherits Window class. Frame has maximize and minimize buttons but Dialog doesn't have.

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Java AWT Dialog Example

■ public class DialogExample {

■ private static Dialog d;

■ DialogExample() {

■ d = new Dialog(f , "Dialog Example", true);

■ d.setLayout( new FlowLayout() );

■ Button b = new Button ("OK");

■ b.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()

■ {

■ public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e )

■ {

■ DialogExample.d.setVisible(false);

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Contd..

■ d.add( new Label ("Click button to continue."));

■ d.add(b);

■ d.setSize(300,300);

■ d.setVisible(true);

■ }

■ {

■ new DialogExample();

■ }

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Output

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SWING

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Java Swing

■ Java Swing tutorial is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) that is used to create window-based applications. It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API and entirely written in java.

■ Unlike AWT, Java Swing provides platform-independent and lightweight components.

■ The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API such as JButton, JTextField, JTextArea, JRadioButton, JCheckbox, JMenu, JColorChooser etc

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Difference between AWT and Swing

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Hierarchy of Java Swing classes

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Commonly used Methods of Component class

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Java Swing Examples

There are two ways to create a frame:

❑ By creating the object of Frame class (association)

❑ By extending Frame class (inheritance)

We can write the code of swing inside the main(), constructor or any other method.

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Simple Java Swing Example

■ import javax.swing.*;

■ public class FirstSwingExample {

■ JFrame f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame

■

■ JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton

■ b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);//x axis, y axis, width, height

■

■ f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame

■

■ f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height

■ f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers

■ f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible

■ }

84

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Output

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Example of Swing by Association inside constructor

■ public class Simple {

■ JFrame f;

■ Simple(){

■ f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame

■

■ JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton

■ b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);

■

■ f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame

■

■ f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height

■ f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers

■ f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible

■ }

■

■ new Simple();

■ }

■ } ⁸⁶

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Simple example of Swing by inheritance

■ public class Simple2 extends JFrame{//inheriting JFrame

■ JFrame f;

■ Simple2(){

■ JButton b=new JButton("click");//create button

■ b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);

■

■ add(b);//adding button on frame

■ setSize(400,500);

■ }

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Java JButton

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Commonly used Constructors:

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Commonly used Methods of AbstractButton class:

90

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Java JButton Example

■ JFrame f=new JFrame("Button Example");

■ JButton b=new JButton("Click Here");

■ b.setBounds(50,100,95,30);

■ f.add(b);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

■ }

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Output

92

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Java JButton Example with ActionListener

■ final JTextField tf=new JTextField();

■ tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);

■ JButton b=new JButton("Click Here");

■ b.setBounds(50,100,95,30);

■ b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

■ tf.setText("Welcome to Javatpoint.");

■ }

■ });

■ f.add(b);f.add(tf);

■ f.setSize(400,400);

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Output

94

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Example of displaying image on the button:

■ public class ButtonExample{

■ ButtonExample(){

■ JButton b=new JButton(new ImageIcon("D:\\icon.png"));

■ b.setBounds(100,100,100, 40);

■ f.add(b);

■ f.setSize(300,400);

■ f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

■ }

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Output

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Java JLabel

■ The object of JLabel class is a component for placing text in a container. It is used to display a single line of read only text. The text can be changed by an application but a user cannot edit it directly. It inherits JComponent

class.

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Commonly used Constructors:

98

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Commonly used Methods:

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Java JLabel Example

■ class LabelExample

■ {

■ JFrame f= new JFrame("Label Example");

■ JLabel l1,l2;

■ l1=new JLabel("First Label.");

■ l1.setBounds(50,50, 100,30);

■ l2=new JLabel("Second Label.");

■ l2.setBounds(50,100, 100,30);

■ f.add(l1); f.add(l2);

■ f.setSize(300,300);

■ }

100

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Output

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Java JLabel Example with ActionListener

■ public class LabelExample extends Frame implements ActionListener{

■ JTextField tf; JLabel l; JButton b;

■ LabelExample(){

■ tf=new JTextField();

■ tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);

■ l=new JLabel();

■ l.setBounds(50,100, 250,20);

■ b=new JButton("Find IP");

■ b.setBounds(50,150,95,30);

■ add(b);add(tf);add(l);

■ setSize(400,400);

■ }

102

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Contd..

■ try{

■ String host=tf.getText();

■ String ip=java.net.InetAddress.getByName(host).getHostAddress();

■ l.setText("IP of "+host+" is: "+ip);

■ }catch(Exception ex){System.out.println(ex);}

■ }

■ new LabelExample();

■ } }

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Output

104

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Java JTextField

■ The object of a JTextField class is a text component that allows the editing of a single line text. It inherits JTextComponent class.

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Commonly used Constructors:

106

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