Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Tools for Improving Productivity: A Case Study

Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Tools for

Improving Productivity: A Case Study

Brijbhushan Onkar Singh Bhatia

PG Student Associate Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Green Hills Engineering College Green Hills Engineering College

Vikas Ucharia Assistant Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering Green Hills Engineering College

Abstract

Present research focuses on the quality improvement at Himachal Pradesh based manufacturing unit a precision machining company for two and three wheeler components. The objective of present research focuses on current Quality Management System (QMS) implemented and to identify the current quality problems that the company faces and to study. Present research is divided into two parts Ethnographic and Qualitative research design. Recommendations and solutions to the problem faced will be suggested to the heads and supervisors, to improve the current quality system, as well as increase efficiency and reduce non conformities. This research only focuses on problem faced in the production section of the company. In the ethnographic part study is focused on plunging of workers and qualitative part research is focused on various causes of rejection. Lean manufacturing tools is considered as the pilot project to solve the problem. Various tools were used such as Multiple activity charts, Pareto chart, PDCA cycles, cause and effect diagram and control chart. With the help of lean tools, plunging of workers come to zero, better working environment is provided to workers, rejection has reduced o 12000ppm from 29000ppm and reduced the loss of organization from 4.02% to 2.79%. Retention of worker saves the training cost. Tool life also increased. Keywords: Ethnographic, Lean Tools, Pareto, PDCA, Qualitative Research

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I.

I

Dynamic and technological world requires organization to be competitive and pioneer with its products or services. Companies are forced to rethink their manufacturing and management approaches to lower costs, waste reduction, improve productivity and at the same time increase quality. It is true that the number of tools, techniques and technologies are available to improve operational performance is growing fast and 5s is also among the pilot tools of industrial engineering to remain competitive in business. 5s requires less effort, capital, and time to make quality products with less number of defects. It is a lean system to manage and manufacture products. Fields et al. recommended that 5S training be imparted to the management, supervisors, and workers and a change management team be formed which can help to bring the necessary change.

The 5S system is a lean system used for organizing and managing manufacturing operations so that they require less human effort, space, capital, and time to make products with fewer defects.

All these benefits result in greater productivity, better quality, less cost, workplace safety, and high morale. 5Ss lays the foundation for the company’s overall lean production system, and lack of a robust 5S system will make other lean tools ineffective. Implementing 5Ss alone may not bring the desired results, unless it is followed by educating the target work group on the corporate objective and soliciting its support and participation.

Worker teams who participate in a Lean Manufacturing project are trained in the use of statistical and problem solving tools as well as project management techniques to define, measure, analyze, and make improvement in the operation of organization by eliminating defects and variability in its processes. The main concept of lean manufacturing is that defects in a given process can be measured and quantified.

Aim is to investigate the possible causes of rejection and non-conformities. On the basis of various graphs of trends study is divided into two parts

 Ethnographic Research is focused on the worker class. The aim of ethnography is to understand, another way of life from the native point of view” (Spradley, 1980, p. 3). The most important component of ethnography concerns the meaning of actions and events of the people we are trying to understand. This ethnographic study was conducted over a period of six months. It helps in describing how the Indian Sub-Continent group works, and it explores their beliefs, behaviors, and cultural norms.

 Qualitative research is a research design utilized and concentrated on rejection of gear blank of kick Idler of two wheelers (Bajaj). After forging, CNC turning is the pilot operation using CCGT insert (tool tip) with FANUC control CNC machine. Measurement is done with the help of special design gauges, plug gauge and air pressure plug gauge (APG). Tool life is also decided by occurrence of rejection or change after 2200 parts, which is actually for meant for 1500 parts. Air pressure is set between the ranges of 30-50 bars without any fixed value.

Table – 2

Fig. 3: Cause & Effect Diagram Fig. 4: Pareto chart for rejection

The fishbone diagram is a tool for analyzing the business process and its effectiveness, which shows the possible causes of a specificevent or a problemas shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 4 shows the Pareto analysis for the various parameters of gear blank idler, which were responsible for the rejections. Various parameters were along x-axis and no. of rejections is along y-axis. Rejection for outer diameter is maximum, which is 66% of total.

For presenting these simple statistics related to process median 160 specimen of said component are measured for outer diameter. 20 pieces are measured in the interval of one hour in a single shift.

Table – 3

Fig. 5: Rejection trend for OD

Fig. 6: X-bar chart for OD

Fig. 7: Range chart for OD

Results of control charts for OD are same, as shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. This concludes that to achieve repeatability, training and sustainability are must.

Daily Availability Calculation

Availability takes into account down time loss.

Firstly, daily average availability has been calculated for the existing machine in the floor. Actual capacity time for 8 hours shift = 480 min.

Total downtime (sum of loss time) = 110 min.

Planned downtime = Total downtime – (breakdown time + set up) = 110 - 60 = 50 min.

Planned run time = 420 min.

Operating time = Planned run time – Planned downtime = 420 - 160 = 260 min.

Therefore, Availability = Operating time *100% Planned run time = 260 *100% = 61.90% 420

Performance Rate

The performance only concerns the gross operating time. A property of the gross operating time is that the speed exceeds zero at any time. There are no down time losses in the gross operational time. The performance factor is a measure for the speed losses. Performance Rate = Planned run time – Planned Down time *100%

Planned run time

= 420-50 *100% = 88.09% 420

Quality Rate

During the net operational time, no down time or speed losses occur. It is not certain that the total produced output is conform quality specifications. To gain insight into this, the quality factor is defined:

=971000 *100% = 97.1% 1000000

Rate of expected OEE = availability (100 %) * performance rate * quality rate = 61.90 * .88 * .971 = 52.89

When compared with world class standards, the values of OEE are far below it.

Operator Issues

All operators’s related issues were taken to Worker Union and after their consent it was decided to take strict action against the negligence.

For new operator coming in area, training sessions & supervision by skilled operators was made compulsory. Warning letters were issued for negligence from operators.

New & updated work instructions were put on machine boards.

Head were requested to provide tea breaks, sanitary facilities, water facilities and fans for better efficiency. Table - 4

Total major cost for manufacturing

Total Major cost for 36000 parts = Rs.1, 38,600

Minor Cost: - It comprises of Holding Cost, Carrying Cost, Setup Cost, Material Cost, Light Cost, etc. Minor Cost =Total processing cost – major cost = 4 - 3.85 = 15paisa

Total processed cost of 35000 parts =35000×4 = Rs. 1, 40,000 %age loss to company = (140000/347533) × 100 = 4.02%

Table – 5

Total major cost after new practices (lean tools)

Total Major cost for 12000 parts = Rs 1,39,920

Total processed cost of 12000 parts =12000×12 = Rs 1,44,000 %age loss to company = (1,44,000/1,16,60,000) × 100 = 1.23%

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I pay my sincere thanks to my guide Mr. Onkar Singh Bhatia, for helping and providing needful guidance in my research work. I express my thanks to my Institution Green Hills Engineering College, Solan, HP for providing me with a good motivation, environment and facilities like Internet, books, computers and all that as my source to complete this research work.

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