How To Understand Cloud Storage In A Flash Memory Flash Memory Hard Disk Drive (Hard Disk) And Flash Memory (Flash Memory) (Flash) (Hard Drive) (Non-Flash) Hard Disk Drives (Harddrive) (Sustained)

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Innovative Hard Disk Drives And

SSDs For Cloud Applications

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Abstract

• What are cloud specific Hard Disk Drives and Solid State Drives? • How do they differ from traditional Enterprise Drives?

• Modern cloud computing architectures and applications generate

specific technical and commercial requirements for the storage components.

• Toshiba – as the only manufacturer of HDD and SSD with NAND

Flash Memory devices of its own production - tailors these exactly to the need of the industry.

• This presentation introduces specialty drives for cloud applications,

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Toshiba Storage Positioning

Full Storage Product Portfolio - from Flash to SSD to HDD

Client Enterprise

Near-line Desktop

Trad. Enterprise Mobile SSHD Industrial

Broad Storage Solution Lineup

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HDD Requirements for Cloud Computing

• Optimize CAPEX & OPEX (Infoplosion ...) – Low Price

– High Capacity

– Low Power Consumption • 24/7 Operation

• Reasonable Reliability (Protection by system ...) – Could be lower than traditional enterprise • Moderate Performance (Hot Data on SSD ...)

– 7200rpm, or lower • Moderate Workload

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HDD Class Parameter Comparison

Device Class Enterprise _Capacity Enterprise _Cloud Consumer / _Desktop

Toshiba Model MG04SCA/ACA MC04ACA DT01ACA

Form Factor 3.5“ 3.5“ 3.5“

Capacity (2015) 1 – 6 TB 2 – 6 TB 0.5 – 4 TB

Spindle Speed 7200 rpm 7200 rpm 7200 rpm

Interface SAS / SATA SATA SATA

Operating Duty 24/7 24/7 8h/day

Rated workload 550 TB/year 180 TB/year 55 TB/year

MTTF 1.400.000 h 800.000 h 600.000 h

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Rated Workload

• Mechanical components are stressed while moving • Components are dimensioned for certain workloads

– Lower workload = Lower tolerances required Lower material cost ...

• Workload in TB/year: Sum of written and read data – 550 TB/year ~ 90*6 TB, or 17 MB/s in average

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Mean Time To Failure (MTTF)

• Statistical value to estimate drive reliability

(Failures to expect under median operating Conditions)

– Based on sample Population

– Estimated by statistical Measurements and Acceleration Algorithms • Example „Cloud HDD“: 800.000 h MTTF

800.000 Drives in operation, 1 failing drive per hour

– MTTF does not predict an individual drive’s reliability.

•

(800.000 h = 91 years ...)

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Annualized Failure Rate (AFR)

• Statistical number of failing drives per year

• Exponential term to consider drives which failed already • Low AFR (as for HDD), simplifies to

• 11 drives (out of 1000) expected to fail per year

– Within the Warranty Time

– As long as drives operated within specification

• Comparison: 2 Mio h ~ 0.4% / 1.4 Mio h ~0.6% / 600k h ~ 1.5%

) ] [ 8760 ( ) ] [ 1 (

1

MTTF h h h MTTF year

e

AFR

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







% 1 . 1 100 10 8 . 0 8760 100 ] [ 8760 [%] ₆       h h h MTTF h AFR

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Toshiba SSD/Flash Position

• Strong Flash Memory Foundation: Technology, Manufacturing, Cost, Supply • Early Access: Newest Flash Memory Technology for SSD Products

• Vertical Integration: In-house SSD Controller to best manage in-house Flash • Cost Competitiveness: Full use of in-house Flash Memory

• Flexibility: In-house Flash Memory Supply and Capacity • Broad Portfolio: From SAS to SATA to PCIe

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SSD Requirements for Cloud Computing

• Optimize CAPEX & OPEX (Infoplosion ...) – Low Price

– High Capacity

– Low Power Consumption

• Optimized/Scalable Write Endurance !!!

– Background: Flash Memory Cells wear-out when erased ! – More Data to Write  Higher Flash Memory Cell‘s Quality

 More spare Cells to replace worn-out Cells  Higher Cost

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Write Endurance Level

• 1 DWPD – for read intensive applications

– Data/Media Streaming, Content Delivery Network, Web-site Hosting

• 3 DWPD – Balance between write endurance and $/GB

– Cloud Storage Servers, Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, Email Servers

• 10 DWPD – for mainstream general applications

– Read/Write Cache and Databases

• 30 DWPD – for write intensive applications

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Enterprise SSD -- Wide Endurance Lineup

(*) Physical Capacity in TiB (1024*1024*1024*1024 Byte)

(**) User Capacity in TB (1000*1000*1000*1000 Byte)  7% Difference

Device Class High Endurance Mid Endurance Value Endurance Value Endurance Read Intensive Read Intensive

Toshiba Model PX02SS PX02SM PX03SV HK3E2 PX03SN HK3R2

DWPD 30 10 3 3 1 1

Interface type SAS SAS SAS SATA SAS SATA

Interface speed

(max.) 12.0 Gbit/s 12.0 Gbit/s 12.0 Gbit/s 6.0 Gbit/s 12.0 Gbit/s 6.0 Gbit/s

Flash Technology 24nm MLC 24nm MLC 19nm MLC A19nm MLC 19nm MLC A19nm MLC

Phys. Cap (max) (*) 2TiB 2TiB 2TiB 1TiB 2TiB 1TiB

User Cap (max) (**) 0.8TB 1.6TB 1.6TB 0.8TB 1.6TB 0.96TB

%Overprovisioning 175% 37% 37% 37% 37% 12%

Warranty 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year 5 Year

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