Production Logging Presentation

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Production Logging for Field Engineers

PRODUCTION LOG

PRODUCTION LOG INTERPRETED LOGINTERPRETED LOG

prepared by: prepared by:

Ahmed Abu-Shloua Ahmed Abu-Shloua

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PRODUCTION LOGGING FOR F.ENG.'S

Why should we Producti

on Log Wells?

“In the year

“In the year 2003 seven barrels of water are being produced for every barrel of2003 seven barrels of water are being produced for every barrel of oil.

oil.

This trend is set to continue.” This trend is set to continue.”

“Oil is a finite reserve, wells are getting older, we have to be more efficient” “Oil is a finite reserve, wells are getting older, we have to be more efficient”

“It cost more to produce water than to produce oil” “It cost more to produce water than to produce oil”

“The only way to find out what is happening

“The only way to find out what is happening downhole, for sure, is to lower toolsdownhole, for sure, is to lower tools to the bottom of the well and

to the bottom of the well and measuremeasure what is hwhat is happening.”appening.”

What do we gain?

•

•Information to assist in solving problems now and in the future.Information to assist in solving problems now and in the future.

The AIM?

•

•TTo maximiseo maximise the ultimate oil / gas recthe ultimate oil / gas recoveryovery..

•

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What is the well producing?

• •OILOIL • •GASGAS • •WATERWATER What do we want? What do we want?

Definitely Oil, Gas if we have a pipeline but not if it limits oil production. Definitely Oil, Gas if we have a pipeline but not if it limits oil production.

What do we not want?

Water! Water!

Water costs more produce than oil because we have to dispose of it!

24% 24% 10% 10% 45% 45% 14% 14% 7%7% Production P Production Profrofilingiling Injection Profiling Injection Profiling Water Problems Water Problems Excess

Excessivive Gas Problemse Gas Problems Mechanical Problems Mechanical Problems

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K R A 4 K R A 4 0 0 11 55 00 G A M G A M M A RM A R A Y (A Y (A P I )A P I ) --1155 115500 L S P D N L S P D N 3 0 F t3 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --1155 115500 L S P D N L S P D N 5 0 F t5 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --1155 115500 L S P D N L S P D N 7 5 F t7 5 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --1155 115500 L S P U P 3 0 F t L S P U P 3 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --1155 115500 L S P U P 5 0 F t L S P U P 5 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --1155 115500 L S P U P 7 5 F t L S P U P 7 5 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) 0 0 1 1 55 00 C C CC LL --11 4400 S P N R D S P N R DN 3 0 F tN 3 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --11 4400 S P N R D S P N R DN 5 0 F tN 5 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --11 4400 S P N R D S P N R DN 7 5 F tN 7 5 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --11 4400 S P N R S P N R U P 3 0 F tU P 3 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --11 4400 S P N R S P N R U P 5 0 F tU P 5 0 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) --11 4400 S P N R S P N R U P 7 5 F tU P 7 5 F t/ M / M ((R P S )R P S ) 2 266 227755 T E M P E R T E M P E RA T U RA T U RE (E (D E G FD E G F 1 15500 11770000 P R E S S U P R E S S UR E ( P S IR E ( P S IA )A ) 4 40000 00 F L U I D C A P A C I T A N C E F L U I D C A P A C I T A N C E 0 0 22 D E N S I T Y ( g D E N S I T Y ( g / c c/ c c )) 8 1 0 0 8 1 0 0 8 1 5 0 8 1 5 0 8 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 8 2 5 0 8 2 5 0 8 3 0 0 8 3 0 0 8 3 5 0 8 3 5 0 8 4 0 0 8 4 0 0 8 4 5 0 8 4 5 0 8 5 0 0 8 5 0 0 8 5 5 0 8 5 5 0 CCL tells us CCL tells us the p

the pererfsfs araree

in the right in the right location location Gamma Ray Gamma Ray indicates that indicates that only the cleanest only the cleanest

sands (below 30 sands (below 30 API) are API) are productive. productive. Fl

Flowmeowmeteterr showshowss

that this section of that this section of

per

perfsfs is is notnot productive productive

..

Fluid ID Fluid ID tells us tells us which fluids which fluids are being are being produced produced

An example of: Profiling a New Well

Temperature Temperature

indicates cooling indicates cooling

with gas production with gas production

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An example of: Production Profiling

T

o save

money on

an Ex

ploration Well

The oil company

wanted to confirm the

gas oil contact in this

exploration well.

The floating rig

The floating rig was costingwas costing

$120,000 per

$120,000 per dayday..

To test 4 zones would

be 10 days = $1,200,000.

A single test taking 2.5 days

covering all 4 zones with a

PL

PLT job T job cost US$ 300,000cost US$ 300,000

What would happen if the tools failed or the spinner did not work?.

This well was making 5000 BOPD. If it was a production well and

we had a mis-run the deferment of 12hrs oil would be $50,000.

•

•Reliability is important financially and for our reputation.Reliability is important financially and for our reputation.

Where is

the Gas / Oil

contact?

(Remember gas (Remember gas production has a production has a

cooling effect and

volumes are large)

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An Example of:

Quantifying W

ater Production

Excess water production will limit oil production

Production Log

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An example of: Injection Profiling

Spinner sho

Spinner shows negativews negative rotation as flow

rotation as flow is negativeis negative

No apparent injection No apparent injection into this zone BUT the into this zone BUT the

temperature does not return

to geothermal straight away

which shows that

there is a little injection

but it is not measurable

but it is not measurable.. This zone is This zone is ‘HOT’ ‘HOT’ This zone is This zone is ‘NOT’ ‘NOT’ WHY? WHY? Clue: Radio Clue: Radio Active scale Active scale deposition deposition occurs with occurs with water water production. production. A. This well

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How our tools a

re u

sed to measur

e the flowrat

es

of

oil, gas a

nd water from each zone.

The

The MagnifMagnificent 7:icent 7:

Pressure Pressure CCL CCL Gamma Ray Gamma Ray T

Temperaemperature -ture - Fluid MovementFluid Movement

Fluid Ca

Fluid Capacitapacitance -nce - FFluid luid IDID

D

Density ensity -- Fluid Fluid IDID

F

Flowmelowmeteterr -- TTotaotal Fl Flowlow

Others:

Centralisers

X-Y C

X-Y Calialiper per

Gas Holdup

In Line Spinner

Ca

Capacitpacitance Aance Array rray TTool ool etcetc

CFS CFS Continuous Continuous Roller Bearing Roller Bearing Spinner Spinner Flowmeter Flowmeter CFB CFB Continuous Continuous Fullbore Fullbore Flowmeters Flowmeters PRC PRC Roller Roller Centraliser Centraliser PSC PSC Springbow Springbow Centraliser Centraliser (Open Hole (Open Hole Completions) Completions) FDR FDR Radioactive Radioactive Fluid Fluid Density Density FDD FDD dP dP Fluid Fluid Density Density ILS ILS In-Line In-Line Spinner Spinner DBT DBT Diverter Diverter Basket Basket Flowmeter Flowmeter PGR PGR Scintillation Scintillation Gamma Gamma Ray Ray PKJ PKJ Conducting Conducting Knuckle Knuckle Joint Joint CTF CTF Combined Combined Capacitance Capacitance Fast Response Fast Response Temperature Temperature and Spinner rotation and Spinner rotation pickup. pickup. QPC QPC Combined Quartz Combined Quartz Pressure Pressure Casing Casing Collar Collar Location Location PSJ PSJ Swivel Swivel Joint Joint MPL MPL Memory PL Memory PL Recorder Recorder MBH MBH Battery Battery Housing Housing For Memory PLT For Memory PLT exchange XTU exchange XTU with MPL and MBH with MPL and MBH Monoconductor MonoconductorWirelineWireline SRO PL Acquisition SRO PL Acquisition System System Short Compact Str Short Compact Str inging

Usin

Using g Notebook PCNotebook PC

Power Supply / Telemetry Power Supply / Telemetry

Panel with Printer Panel with Printer

Notebook PC Notebook PC Depth Depth Encoder Encoder XTU XTU Ultralink Controller Ultralink Controller SRO SRO Telemetry Sub Telemetry Sub PDC PDC Dual Dual X-Y X-Y Caliper Caliper (Bowspring (Bowspring for for Open Hole) Open Hole) CFJ CFJ Continuous Continuous JewelledBearing JewelledBearing Spinner Spinner Flowmeter Flowmeter Interchangeable Interchangeable USB for USB for Data Data Parallel Parallel for Printer for Printer Ultralink Ultralink SRO Telemetry SRO Telemetry Ultrawire Ultrawire Tool bus Telemetry Tool bus Telemetry

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Temperature

Pressure:

Pressure: QuartzQuartz

Crystal Crystal

-The crystal has a natural oscillation. -The crystal has a natural oscillation. As pressure increases the

As pressure increases the oscillation decreases. oscillation decreases.

As temperature increases the As temperature increases the oscillation increases.

oscillation increases.

We measure the pressure We measure the pressure

frequency and crystal temperature frequency and crystal temperature to correct the pressure reading. to correct the pressure reading.

CCL

CCL -Changes in metal volume-Changes in metal volume_{move the lines of magnetic}_{move the lines of magnetic}

flux within

flux within a coil. This a coil. This genergeneratesates a voltage.

a voltage.

-Changes in

-Changes in temperatemperatureture

alter the resistance of a alter the resistance of a

Platinum wire. Consequently Platinum wire. Consequently

There is a varying

There is a varying voltagevoltage Differe

Differential across ntial across the probethe probe

With temperature change. With temperature change.

Theory of operation and use of tools

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Gamma Ray

Tool

Sodium Iodide Crystal Sodium Iodide Crystal Photo Multiplier Tube Photo Multiplier Tube

High Voltage Power Supply High Voltage Power Supply

Detector Detector Capacitance Water Capacitance Water Holdup Holdup Capacitor Capacitor Plates Plates Fluid Path Fluid Path

Hydrocarbons and Water have different

dielectric constants. The speed the capacitor

charges up gives us a:

High Frequencies in oil / gas

Low frequency in water

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High Voltage Power Supply High Voltage Power Supply

Gamma Gamma Ray Path Ray Path Radio Active Density

Radio Active Density

Sodium Iodide Crystal Sodium Iodide Crystal

Photo Multiplier Tube Photo Multiplier Tube Detector Detector Americium Radioactive Americium Radioactive Source Source

Fluid Flow Path Fluid Flow Path

Differential Pressure Density (FDD)

W

Weellllbboorree IInnssiidde e TTooooll 2ft 2ft Silicon Silicon Oil Oil In Gas: In Gas: Differential Differential Pressure Pressure is HIGH is HIGH W

Weellllbboorree IInnssiidde e TTooooll 2ft 2ft Silicon Silicon Oil Oil In Water In Water:: Differential Differential Pressure Pressure is LOW is LOW DP Sensor DP Sensor 2ft GAS

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Flowmeter

Flowmeters: (The King of the

s: (The King of the PL tools).

PL tools).

All are spinner type.

All are spinner type. The faster the spinner The faster the spinner rotatrotates, the faster the flowrate.es, the faster the flowrate.

Tools are chosen to match the completion Tools are chosen to match the completion

Swab Valve Swab Valve Crown Valve Crown Valve Wing Valve Wing Valve 20” Casing 20” Casing 13 3/8” Casing 13 3/8” Casing 9 5/8” Casing 9 5/8” Casing Reservoir A Reservoir A Perforations

Perforations Packer Packer End Of Tubing End Of Tubing Cement Cement Tubing Tubing Tubing Hanger Tubing Hanger WELLHEAD WELLHEAD SSD for SSD for Circulation Circulation Safety Safety Valve Valve Reservoir B Reservoir B

In this case we use a CFB In this case we use a CFB

Multiple Zone Completions Multiple Zone Completions

Zone C Zone C Zone B Zone B Zone A Zone A Single String

Single String Dual StringDual String

Sliding Side Door Sliding Side Door (Sleeve Valve) (Sleeve Valve) Tubing Tubing In 9 In 9 5/8” 5/8” CasingCasing 4.5-5.5” 4.5-5.5” In 7” Casing In 7” Casing 3.5” 3.5” Tubing Tubing In 9 In 9 5/8” 5/8” CasingCasing 2.875” 2.875” In 7” Casing In 7” Casing 2.375” 2.375” SSD’s

SSD’s may be opened andmay be opened and closed by tools run on closed by tools run on

wireline wireline

Dual Completions offer Dual Completions offer more flexibility such as more flexibility such as injecting down one string injecting down one string and producing the other but and producing the other but tubing size is limited. tubing size is limited.

Short String Short String Long String

Long String

Log in tubing with Log in tubing with continuous spinners. continuous spinners. Log in casing with Log in casing with fullbore spinners. fullbore spinners.

Dual strings allow Dual strings allow production from zones production from zones

at very different pressures at very different pressures

Zone D Zone D

Nipple for Plug Nipple for Plug

In this c

In this case we ase we use a CFB use a CFB and ILSand ILS

SIZE matters! SIZE matters!

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Production Logging Quantitative Analysis

Step 1: Determine Total Flowrate

In-Situ Calibration at In-Situ Calibration at

different line speeds. different line speeds. Gives response slope and Gives response slope and

Intercept (threshold). Intercept (threshold).

S

Spinner

pinner C

Crosspl

rosspl ot

ot

y = 0.0547x + 0.0229 y = 0.0547x + 0.0229 y = 0.0603x - 0.3674 y = 0.0603x - 0.3674 -10 -10 -8 -8 -6 -6 -4 -4 -2 -2 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 --220000 --115500 --110000 --5500 00 5500 110000 115500 220000 Li

Line Speene Speedd

SS pp iinn nn ee rr RR PP SS Downward Downward Upward Upward Linear (U Linear (Upwpw ard)ard) Line

Linear (Downwar (Downw ard)ard)

Line Speed / Fluid Vel Line Speed / Fluid Vel Spinner

Spinner RPS RPS

Fluid V

Fluid Velocity = (RPSelocity = (RPS/Slope + Threshold/Slope + Threshold) -) - Line SpeedLine Speed

Measure Fluid Velocity is corrected to average velocity Measure Fluid Velocity is corrected to average velocity allowing for spinner size in relation to wellbore and also allowing for spinner size in relation to wellbore and also for the flow regime.

for the flow regime.

Single Phase (Oil, Gas or Water) Barrels/Day = Average Velocity (ft/min) x 1.4

Single Phase (Oil, Gas or Water) Barrels/Day = Average Velocity (ft/min) x 1.4 x ID”^x ID”^₂₂

1000 BPD is: 1000 BPD is:

9.6 ft/min in 9 5/8

9.6 ft/min in 9 5/8” Casing” Casing

18.6 ft/min in 7

18.6 ft/min in 7” Casing” Casing

79.8 ft/min in 3 1/2

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Step 2: Calculate

Step 2: Calculate the fraction of each the fraction of each phase in the phase in the wellbore (holdup) -wellbore (holdup) - 2 Phase 2 Phase flow.flow.

DENSITY vs HOLDUP DENSITY vs HOLDUP 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 0 0 00..55 11 W

Water Holdup, fater Holdup, f ractionraction

LL oo gg DD ee nn ss iitt yy ,, gg //cc cc Water Water Density Density Oil Oil Density Density Heavy Holdup = Heavy Holdup = Density Me

Density Measurasured -ed - DensiDensity Lighty Lightt

Densi

Density Heavty Heavy -y - DensiDensity Lightty Light Light Holdup =

Light Holdup =

1

-1 - HeaHeavy Holvy Holdudupp

Water Holdup is a direct Water Holdup is a direct

measurement. measurement.

Due to non linearity and other Due to non linearity and other

effects Density is usually more effects Density is usually more

reliable. reliable.

Fractional Response Fractional Response CWH

CWH vs vs Water HWater Holdold upup

0 0 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1 1 0 0 00..2 2 00..4 4 00..6 6 00..8 8 11 Wa

Water Holdupter Holdup , fraction, fraction

FF rraa cc ttii oo nn aa ll RR ee ss pp oo nn ss ee From From DENSITY DENSITY From From CAPACITANCE CAPACITANCE Water Freq. Water Freq. Oil Freq. Oil Freq.

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Step 2a:

Calculate the fr

Calculate the fraction of each phase in the wellaction of each phase in the wellbore (holdup) -bore (holdup) - 3 Phase flow3 Phase flow..

A

A)) DDeetteerrmmiinne e WWaatteer r HHoolldduupp

from Capacitance from Capacitance TToolool

B

B)) KKnnoowwiinng g wwaatteer r hhoolldduup p aanndd

water density use the water density use the

DENSITY data to determine DENSITY data to determine

oil and gas holdups oil and gas holdups

Water Holdup

Water Holdup – – _{directly from CWH tool.}_{directly from CWH tool.}

Oil holdup, Yo = Oil holdup, Yo = ((den

((dens meas -s meas - dens gadens gas) + Yw (ds) + Yw (dens gas -ens gas - dens wadens water))ter))

(dens

(dens oil -oil - dens gdens gas)as) Gas

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Step 3:

Determine the slip velocity

Slip velocity is the difference in velocity between one phase and another. Slip velocity is the difference in velocity between one phase and another. The light phase

The light phase travtravels up the els up the well faster than the heavy phase.well faster than the heavy phase. This is one of the great unknowns

This is one of the great unknowns – – many different correlations are available.many different correlations are available.

Sli

Slip Velocity vs Holdu

p Velocity vs Holdu pp

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

80.00 00..0000

00..5500

11..0000

Water Holdup (Fraction)

LL iigg hh tt PP hh aa ss ee SS llii pp VV ee lloo cc iitt yy fftt //mm

iinn

Oil 0.8 g/cc

Oil 0.7 g/cc

G

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Step 4: Calculate the superficial fluid velocity of each phase.

If

If NONO slip: Superficial Velocity = Total Velocity x holdupslip: Superficial Velocity = Total Velocity x holdup

For example if flow was 100 ft/min and water holdup was 0.5 For example if flow was 100 ft/min and water holdup was 0.5

Water flow would be 50 ft/min and oil flow 50 ft/min. Water flow would be 50 ft/min and oil flow 50 ft/min.

Problem is that THERE IS slip! Problem is that THERE IS slip!

Oil Superficial Velocity = Oil Superficial Velocity =

(Oil holdup x Total Velocity) + Extra Oil flow due to slip (Oil holdup x Total Velocity) + Extra Oil flow due to slip

Water Superficial Velocity = Water Superficial Velocity =

(Wat

(Water holdup x Toter holdup x Total Veal Velocity) -locity) - Extra Oil flow due to slipExtra Oil flow due to slip

Q

Q heavyheavyft/min = (Yft/min = (Yhh x Q x Q totaltotal ft/min)ft/min) – – (Y(Yhh x (Yx (Yllx Vsx Vsliplip lighlight ft/mint ft/min))))

Q

Q lightlight ft/min = Q ft/min = Q totaltotal ft/minft/min – – Q Q heavyheavy ft/minft/min

Step 5: Convert to

Step 5: Convert to DownholeDownholeVolumetric FlowVolumetric Flowratratee

Downhole

Downhole volumetric ravolumetric rate, BPD = Supte, BPD = Superficial Velocityerficial Velocity, ft/min x 1.4, ft/min x 1.4x ID”^x ID”^22 Step 6: Convert to

Step 6: Convert to SurfaceSurfaceVolumetric FlowratesVolumetric Flowrates

SURFA

SURFACE volumetric raCE volumetric rate = Downholete = Downhole / Correction F/ Correction Factor to Surface actor to Surface Conditions (FVF)Conditions (FVF)

Oil is travelling up Oil is travelling up at slip velocity at slip velocity

Water is falling back Water is falling back down around oil down around oil bubbles

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Production Profiling: Decision made from log data

An example interpretation of a production well log

IIn

njje

eccttiio

on

n W

We

ellll

P

Prro

od

du

uccttiio

on

n

Well

This production well was producing This production well was producing

at 76% water cut. at 76% water cut.

The client presumed that the bottom The client presumed that the bottom

zone had watered out and wanted zone had watered out and wanted

to plug off the zone. to plug off the zone.

Proposed location of Proposed location of bridge plug

bridge plug

Before performing the job one of Before performing the job one of

the engineers proposed a PLT job the engineers proposed a PLT job

to check. to check.

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The Production Log and

Interpretation Method

Using th

Using the calibre calibration crossation crossplotplot thethe

Spinner data gives us total flowrate Spinner data gives us total flowrate

When we kn

When we know the downhow the downholeole densidensityty of oil and water we can use density data of oil and water we can use density data to giv

to give us the downholee us the downhole watwater holduper holdup..

DENSITY vs HOLDUP DENSITY vs HOLDUP 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 0 0 00..55 11

Water Holdup, fraction Water Holdup, fraction

L L o o g g D D e e n n s s i i t t y y , , g g / / c c c c

We could also have used We could also have used Capacitance for holdup. Capacitance for holdup.

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The Interpreted Data

WATER IS COMING FROM WATER IS COMING FROM

ALL THE ZONES. ALL THE ZONES.

OIL IS COMING FROM OIL IS COMING FROM THE ZONE

THE ZONE BELOW BELOW WHEREWHERE

WE WANTED TO SET THE WE WANTED TO SET THE

BRIDGE PLUG BRIDGE PLUG

High Gamma Ray indicates High Gamma Ray indicates

RA scale which is

RA scale which is associatedassociated with water production. Lends with water production. Lends confidence to the analysis. confidence to the analysis.

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The Results of the Interpretation

Zone 1: 89% Water Cut Zone 1: 89% Water Cut

Zone 2: 72% Water Cut Zone 2: 72% Water Cut

Zone 3: 68% Water Cut Zone 3: 68% Water Cut Zone 4: 77% Water Cut Zone 4: 77% Water Cut

All the zones have high water cut. All the zones have high water cut. If the client had set the bridge

If the client had set the bridge plug:plug:

A lot

A lot of money would have been of money would have been spent and 515 BOPD of spent and 515 BOPD of productiproduction fromon from

Zone 4 would have been left in the ground.

There would be no gain: The well would remain at 76% water cut (total of zones 1 to

3) and because the water cut is the same the BHP

3) and because the water cut is the same the BHP, hence flowrate, hence flowratewould say the same.would say the same.

The total water cut is 76% of

which: which: Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 4

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Where Next ?:

This Horizontal Well Production Log was recorded usingThis Horizontal Well Production Log was recorded using memory PL tools on

memory PL tools on coiled tubing. coiled tubing. Why is Why is it so good?it so good? Because it is 99% water!

Because it is 99% water!

After 8,000,000 bbls oil After 8,000,000 bbls oil production this is the new production this is the new oil / water contact.

oil / water contact.

The CWH The CWH tool shows tool shows hydrocarbons hydrocarbons only at the only at the highest highest point of the point of the

well. The rest of well. The rest of

the production is the production is water. water. Horizontal Well Horizontal Well Trajectory Trajectory 1300m TVD 1300m TVD 1325m TVD 1325m TVD Depth: Depth:

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This is what mult

i-phase logs run using conventional Centre

Sampling tools look l

ike!

WATER WATER Freq. Freq. GAS GAS Freq. Freq.

THERE MUST BE A BETTER WAY!

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G

Geomeeometrytry of CAof CAT ST Sensorsensors

Simul

Simultanetaneous meaous measurement of sensors clsurement of sensors close to the casing ciose to the casing circumrcumfereferencence

provi

provides a des a cross-section icross-section in partially segregaten partially segregated muld multi-ti-phase phase flowflows.s.

GAS GAS OIL OIL WATER WATER

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Flow profil

Flow profile from e from Capacitance Array TCapacitance Array Toolool

Bubbles of oil passing

through trough

Stre

Stream of oil pam of oil passingassing

by at the top

Gas has entered

the well

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CA

T

vie

w

Ima

gin

g Soft

war

e -

side vi

ew

Water = Blue

(27)

Planning a PLT job

1-WELL

1-WELL INFORMAINFORMATIONTION

Complete Well bore diagram showing ID's and depths of

Complete Well bore diagram showing ID's and depths of all down holeall down hole hardware.

hardware.

Complete proposed logging program. Complete proposed logging program. Shut-in Wellhead Pressure.

Shut-in Wellhead Pressure.

Flowing Wellhead Pressure. (For each flow rate) Flowing Wellhead Pressure. (For each flow rate) Expected Flowra

Expected Flowratestes to be used dto be used during logging progruring logging program.am. Expected fluid phases.

Expected fluid phases. Well Deviation.

Well Deviation.

Pressure Build up/Draw down

Pressure Build up/Draw down required.required. Production rates of Gas/Oil/Water. Production rates of Gas/Oil/Water. Sand production.

Sand production. Concentra

Concentrations of tions of H2S/CO2 present. (H2S/CO2 present. (Needed for inhibitoNeeded for inhibitor r consideraconsiderations tions andand choice of O Ring

choice of O Ring and cable head boot

and cable head boot materimaterial).al). Natural or artificial lift.

Natural or artificial lift.

Type of lift system. (Gaslift, Submersible pump). Type of lift system. (Gaslift, Submersible pump).

Special requirements for lift system. ("Y" tool for logging below a submersible Special requirements for lift system. ("Y" tool for logging below a submersible pump; Gas

pump; Gas

lift Side Pocket Mandrels (SPM)). lift Side Pocket Mandrels (SPM)). Need "Y" tool plug and hammer. Need "Y" tool plug and hammer.

Details of SPM. (Special full bore flowmet

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Production Casing data. Production Casing data.

•

•Outside Outside DiameterDiameter.. •

•Weight/Foot.Weight/Foot. •

•Total Depth and date of last T.D. check.Total Depth and date of last T.D. check. •

•Outside Diameter of tool used to check T.D.Outside Diameter of tool used to check T.D. •

•Type Type of depth measurof depth measurement, wirement, wirelineeline or logging.or logging. •

•Perforated intervals.Perforated intervals. •

•Type of charges/carrier used for perforating.Type of charges/carrier used for perforating. •

•Position of any squeezed perforations.Position of any squeezed perforations. •

•Gravel pack.Gravel pack.

Production Tubing data Production Tubing data

•

•Tubing end.Tubing end. •

•Outside Outside DiameterDiameter.. •

•Weight/Foot.Weight/Foot. •

•Diameter of the smallest restriction in the well.Diameter of the smallest restriction in the well. •

•Position of other down hole hardware.Position of other down hole hardware. •

•ID/OD of protection/separation sleeve. (Protects the seat when DHSV is removed)ID/OD of protection/separation sleeve. (Protects the seat when DHSV is removed)

Wellhead Connection. Wellhead Connection.

•

•Swab Valve present on tree. (A swab valve is required to shut in the well above theSwab Valve present on tree. (A swab valve is required to shut in the well above the •

•flowlineflowline and permit insand permit installattallation of pressure equipmention of pressure equipment •

•without disturbance of the normal well flow.)without disturbance of the normal well flow.) •

•Flange or Threaded. (Size and Flange or Threaded. (Size and Thread type).Thread type). •

•Measurement Reference.Measurement Reference.

Rotary Table (RT) to Tubing Hanger (TH) measurement. Rotary Table (RT) to Tubing Hanger (TH) measurement.

(29)

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3.PL Job Planning

Establish with the client the Establish with the client the

objectives of the job. objectives of the job.

Is there a logging program?

Is there a logging program? Write the logging program to meetWrite the logging program to meet the objectives

the objectives

Does the program meet the Does the program meet the

objectives objectives

Does the well have a history of Does the well have a history of problems or a hostile environment? problems or a hostile environment?

Discuss with the client and plan Discuss with the client and plan

accordingly. accordingly.

Esti

Estimate the dowmate the downhonholele flowflowratratee and flowand flow regime and select which tools to use regime and select which tools to use

No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes

Perform Tool Lift Estimation Perform Tool Lift Estimation

Flow too high? Flow too high?

Start Logging Job Start Logging Job

Is well stable and ready to be logged? Is well stable and ready to be logged?

Perform Logging Job Perform Logging Job

Can we add weight? Can we add weight?

Limit Flowrate Limit Flowrate

Wait for well to be stable Wait for well to be stable

No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No

(31)

Rig Up Tools Rig Up Tools Edit Edit Depth Menu Depth Menu Setup Encoder Setup Encoder on Wireline / CTU unit on Wireline / CTU unit

Test depth measurement. Test depth measurement. Edit setup if necessary Edit setup if necessary

Set Zero and start Set Zero and start recording data recording data

Perform Producti

Perform Production on LoggingLogging Job

Job

Refine Depth correlation Refine Depth correlation of each pass and logging of each pass and logging

stations stations

Export on-depth LAS data Export on-depth LAS data for interpretation and client for interpretation and client and for Sondex crossplots and for Sondex crossplots Make headers, crossplots etc. for API strip log.

Make headers, crossplots etc. for API strip log.

Print Log Print Log Edit toolstring configuration

Edit toolstring configuration Edit Calibration Files Edit Calibration Files Edit Log Presentation Files Edit Log Presentation Files Create Warrior Database Create Warrior Database

Check tools are working properly. Check tools are working properly. Make Pr

Make Pre-job Calibratione-job Calibrationss and check calcuand check calculated outpulated outputt

Make

Make Post-job CalibPost-job Calibrationsrations and cheand check calculatedck calculated output

output Run In Hole Run In Hole

Depth correlate tools Depth correlate tools

4. Warrior SRO PLT flow chart

(32)

5.Warrior Log Printing Flowchart

Data in Data in Warrior Database Warrior Database Warrior Import Warrior Import MPL Depth and Time MPL Depth and Time

Drive .LAS Files Drive .LAS Files

Surface Readout Surface Readout Acquisition Acquisition Data Recalculation Data Recalculation

SRO data only SRO data only

Depth Correlate Depth Correlate and Shift Curves and Shift Curves Edited Presentation Files

Edited Presentation Files .PRS using .PRS using Format Editor Format Editor

Merge Log passes Merge Log passes using Automerge using Automerge

Add: Add: Annot

Annotationations,Logs,Log BannerBanners,Wels,Welll SketcSketchh

Export depth Export depth correlated LAS correlated LAS files using files using LAS Writer LAS Writer Make Spinner Make Spinner Crossplots printout as Crossplots printout as .PRN files .PRN files Edit Header Edit Header Additional ASCII Additional ASCII Files (logging station Files (logging station statistics, log tail, statistics, log tail, other info etc) other info etc)

Plot Job Editor to build Plot Job Editor to build the sequence of logs the sequence of logs Memory PL

Memory PL Acquisition

Acquisition Use Service Builder toUse Service Builder to_{generate toolstring}_{generate toolstring}

Log toolstring Log toolstring diagram to Warrior diagram to Warrior Database Database Edit Warrior Edit Warrior Import Filter Files Import Filter Files

(33)

What can go wrong ??

The order of seriousness as to what can go wrong is:

A. A. The tools

The tools may

may be lost in

be lost in hole.

hole.

B. B. The t

The tools m

ools may f

ay fail.

ail.

C.

(34)

A) The tools may be lost in hole.

What can y

What can you do to ou do to minimiseminimise the risk of the risk of losing your tlosing your tools?ools? •

• Check well historyCheck well history •

• Your wire line equipment; up-to-the job?!Your wire line equipment; up-to-the job?! •

• PrePre – – job toolbo job toolbox meetinx meeting.g. •

• Well trajectory and max. tool straight length.Well trajectory and max. tool straight length. •

• Maximum restriction.Maximum restriction. •

• TTool lift ool lift estimation.estimation. •

• Job supervision Job supervision against unwise suggestions.against unwise suggestions. •

• TTool catchers & tool ool catchers & tool traps beside the traps beside the hydraulic relief valve.hydraulic relief valve. •

• Avoid Avoid right anglright angle tips in e tips in your downholeyour downhole string.string. •

• Radioactive tools should placed above weak points in your PLTRadioactive tools should placed above weak points in your PLT string.

string. •

• Avoid Avoid running in running in hole during hole during a sluggya sluggy flowing cflowing condition.ondition. •

• X-mass valves should be operated under your supervision.X-mass valves should be operated under your supervision.

Discuss:

What do you do if the tools are stuck in hole?

What do you do if the tools are dropped or lost in hole?

(35)

B) The tools may fail .

What can you do to avoid tool failure: What can you do to avoid tool failure:

•

•Check maxCheck max. downhole. downhole tempertemperature & ature & pressure.pressure. •

•Lower running speeds to avoid tool jerking.Lower running speeds to avoid tool jerking. •

•Have a backup string on site.Have a backup string on site. •

•If running memory tools, check battery specifications and calculate theIf running memory tools, check battery specifications and calculate the estimat

estimated power ced power consumption under downholeonsumption under downhole conditions (not on conditions (not on surface..!!)surface..!!) •

•If running MPL If running MPL avoid quick bleeding your lubricator after coming out of hole.avoid quick bleeding your lubricator after coming out of hole. •

•Check and replaceCheck and replace O’ringsO’rings to suit your application and to adhere to any possibleto suit your application and to adhere to any possible CO2 & H2S existence.

CO2 & H2S existence. •

•During surface check; the tool’s raw data (Sensor raw reading)should beDuring surface check; the tool’s raw data (Sensor raw reading)should be

monitored before checking the calibrated output in “Outputs” window. monitored before checking the calibrated output in “Outputs” window.

•

•Operation with GLM’s existence:Operation with GLM’s existence: •

•Use Bow-Spring Full bore-mechanical-spinner sections.Use Bow-Spring Full bore-mechanical-spinner sections. •

•Use the right size to avoid blades extrUse the right size to avoid blades extraction while running action while running thru a GLM.thru a GLM. •

•Increase the tool length between full-gauge ancillaries to be more than the GLMIncrease the tool length between full-gauge ancillaries to be more than the GLM length.

length. •

•If there’s junk in the well, consider running a continuous spinner.If there’s junk in the well, consider running a continuous spinner. Discuss: Specific precautions pertaining to individual tools

(36)

C) The client may not get the data he needs.

•

•See what if the client required data is attainable by your PLT job.See what if the client required data is attainable by your PLT job. For exampl

For example: He e: He may need to log fluid contacts behind casing or to flomay need to log fluid contacts behind casing or to flow-

w-profile multiple zones producing thru SSD. profile multiple zones producing thru SSD.

•

•If you are running MPL job & the Slick line cannot attain a steadyIf you are running MPL job & the Slick line cannot attain a steady spee

speed;thed;the spinnspinner data shall be inver data shall be invalid.alid.ThenThen consiconsider conducder conducting lots ofting lots of st

stationations,sas,sayy on a 5 ft intervon a 5 ft intervals.als.

Run the correct tools

•

•Choose the right spinner mecahinicalChoose the right spinner mecahinical sections to sections to suit your appsuit your application andlication and consider having an inline spinner

consider having an inline spinner as a backup.as a backup. •

•To get good CCL’s use knuckle joints or modify your tools order to be ableTo get good CCL’s use knuckle joints or modify your tools order to be able to de-ce

to de-centrntralisealise your CCL as much as you can.your CCL as much as you can. •

•Allow for Allow for well stabilisation.well stabilisation. •

•Allow fAllow for delaor delays.(i.e. Wys.(i.e. While ruhile running MPL,putnning MPL,put in mind in mind stabstabilisatiilisationon periodsperiods in fast and slow sampling rates of your tools.