Study on the Early Warning Model of VTS Based on Dynamic Ship Domain

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1_{Schoo lofNavigaiton ,WuhanUniverstiyofTechnology,Wuhan,China.}

2_{FacutlyofEngineeringandtheEnvrionmen,tUniverstiyofSouthampton,Southampton ,}

. m o d g n i K d e ti n U e h T , e ri h s p m a H

3_{Hube iKeyLaboratoryofInlandShippingTechnology,Wuhan ,China.}

r o h t u a g n i d n o p s e r r o C *

y e

K words: Sh dip omain,VTS;E ya wrl arning, Dynamicmodel.

.t c a r t s b

A Thispapercombinest heanalyticandstaitsitca lmethodst oproposeadynamicshipdomain S T V f o e v it c e p s r e p e h t m o r f s t n e m n o r i v n e t n e r e f f i d n i s p i h s t n e r e f f i d f o e t a t s t n e m e v o m e h t r o

f watch

r e p e e

k s. I timproves thepracticality oftheship domain inVTS supervision .Aship collision early l

e d o m g n i n r a

w isestab ilshedont hebasisoft hatshipdomain ,whichproperlyenlargesthehorizonta l l

e d o m n i a m o d p i h s e h t f o e n a l

p andaddst hecollision-judgingmethodtomakethemode ldynamic . a

d e t c e l e s y l m o d n a r r e p a p s i h t , t a h t r e t f

A vessel in Ningbo-Zhoushan Por tas an example ,and e

v o b a e h t d e h s il b a t s

e -mentionedmodelstoverifyt heeffectiveness .

n o it c u d o r t n I

h c t a w e h t , y lt n e r r u

C -keeping mode of Vesse lTraffic System (VTS) is basically depended on o s l a s t r o p n i e t a t s c i f f a r t x e l p m o c y l g n i s a e r c n i e h t , r e v e w o H . s t i n u l a r e v e s f o g n i r o t i n o m l a u n a m

. r e p e e k h c t a w S T V f o d o h t e m g n i s s e r d d a d n a y t il i b a g n i g d u j , e c n e i r e p x e k r o w e h t s e g n e l l a h c y l h g i h

r p m i f o t c e j b o e h t n i d e t c u r t s n o c s a w r e p a p s i h

T oving the vesselstrafficmanagemen tsystem and h g u o r h t e v o b a s m e l b o r p e h t o t s e r u s a e m d n a s t h g u o h t g n i v l o s e h t d e s o p o r p t I . m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e

p i h s d n a l e d o m n i a m o d p i h s s a h c u s m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e S T V f o s e u q i n h c e t y e k e h t n o y d u t s a

. l e d o m n o i s i l l o

c Thispapercontributesr esearchvalueandpractica lmeaningoni mprovingt heservice s

p i h s g n i c u d e r , S T V f

o ’trafficaccidentsandguaranteeingmartiimesafetyaswel.l

l e d o M n i a m o D p i h S e h t g n i d li u B

l e n a s a d e m u s s a s a w r e p a p s i h t n i l e d o m n i a m o d p i h s e h

T ilpse .Themaximum length in veritca l

m u m i x a m e h t e l i h w n i a m o d p i h s f o s i x a r o j a m e h t s i , p i h s f o n o i t c e r i d e s r u o c e h t , ) s i x a y ( n o it c e r i d

. ) 1 e r u g i F e e S ( n i a m o d p i h s f o s i x a r o n i m e h t s i ) s i x a x ( n o i t c e r i d l a t n o z i r o h n i h t d i w

e s i h t f o n o it a u q e l a m r o f e h

T lilpsei nyaxiscanbeexpressed:

y2

a2�

x2

b2� 1(a>b>0). ( 1)

, 0 ( 1 F e r a s e s u c o f o w t f o s e t a n i d r o o c e h

T -c) ,F2(0 ,c)



�where_𝑐2_{� 𝑎}2_{� 𝑏}2 _{,FandAi st hefirs t}

Figure1 .TheShapeofShipDomainModel.

e r e h w r e t a w s t r o p n i d e i l p p a y l n o m m o c s i h c i h w , m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e S T V e h t t a s m i a r e p a p s i h T

e d e h

t nsityofvesselsismuch biggerthanopen water .Hence ,theship domainissmallerin caseof r

o j a m f l a h f o h t g n e l e h T . m r a l a e s l a f e h

t axis(a)andminoraxis(b)canbeexpressedas:

m =

a _×fspeed×fdraft× ftype×fvisibiilty×LOA. (2)

n =

b _×fspeed×fdraft× ftype×fvisibiilty×LOA. ( )3

s i x a r o j a m f o t n e i c i f f e o c e h t s i m , ll A r e v O h t g n e L s i A O

L and nisthecoefficien tofminoraxis .

y ti l i b i s i v d n a e p y t l e s s e v , t f a r d , d e e p s y l e m a n s r o t c a f r e h t o , c i m a n y d l e d o m n i a m o d p i h s e h t e k a m o T

r o f e l b a e g n a h c s i n i a m o d p i h s e h t , e c n e H . s p i h s t n e r e f f i d r o f s u o i r a v s i h c i h w , d e r e d i s n o c e r e w

i w s p i h s t n e r e f f i

d th thosefactors .Anew equation can bederived by adding thecoefficients(fspeed,

fdraft, ftype ,fvisibiltiy)oft hosefactors.

d n a a i t r e n i d r a w r o f e h t f o n o it a r e d i s n o c n i , n i a m o d e h t n i M t n i o p n o i t i s o p p i h s e h t r o f s A

t , p i h s g n i t a g i v a n e h t f o m u t n e m o

m heship postiion in thispaperwasse tasapoin tlocated a t1.5 ,

0 ( M s i h c i h w , s i x a y n o A t n i o p t s a l e h t m o r f A O L s e m i

t _{1.5 ∙LOA− a}) .Thissettingreferencest he

. ) 1 8 9 1 ( i i j u F m o r f l e d o m n i a m o d p i h s

l e d o M g n i n r a W y l r a E n o i si ll o C p i h S

c i f f a r t e h

T stiuaitonsbetweentwo shipscanbegenerallyclassified intohead-on situation ,crossing C

s a t e s s a w s p i h s o w t f o e s r u o c d a e h e h T . n o i t a u t i s e k a t r e v o d n a n o it a u ti

s 1andC2respectively ,and

s i e l g n a d e n i l c n i e h

t _α ,where_{α = |𝐶1− 𝐶2}| . e

h t o t g n i d r o c c

A Internationa lRegulationsf orPreventingColilsionsa tSea(COLREGS)andsome . 1 e l b a T e h t s a d e n i f e d e b n a c s n o i t a u t i s c i f f a r t e h t g n i g d u j f o d o h t e m e h t , d e t a l e r s e c n e r e f e r r e h t o

e l b a

T 1 .TheJudgingofTrafficSituaitons. d

a e

H -onSituation OvertakeSituati on CrossingSituation

4 7

1 [°] ≤ α ≤1 [°]86 _{2 .5[°] < α <}0[°] ≤ α < 7₉₂ 6 .5[°]_{3 [°]60} ro 6 .5[°] ≤ α <_{1 [°] < α ≤}7₈₆ 1 [°]_{2 .5[°]}7₉4₂ ro

s l e s s e v r e h t o t n e v e r p o t r e d r o n i , s l e s s e v r e h t o m o r f n o i s i l l o c f o t a e r h t e h t s l e e f n a m a e s e h t n e h W

, p i h s n w o f o n i a m o d p i h s e h t o t n i g n i v o

0 . 3 ~ 5 . 1 s i k e r e h w h p a r g d e s o l c w e n e h t n i r e g g i

b []_{andt ha tgraphi st heshipcollisionearlywarning}

n a h c s e t a n i d r o o c e v it a l e r e h t ,l e d o m s i h t n I . l e d o

m gesi ntoA ’(0 ,-ka) ,F ’(0 ,ka) ,P ’(-kb,0) ,Q ’(kb,0) , .

2 e r u g i F n i n w o h s s i h c i h w

l e d o M g n i n r a W y l r a E n o i s i l l o C p i h S . 2 e r u g i

F .

) A P C T ( g n i h c a o r p p a f o t n i o p e s o l c o t e m i T d n a ) A P C D ( g n i h c a o r p p a f o t n i o p e s o l c f o e c n a t s i D

s n o c s r o t c a f n o m m o c t s o m e h t e r

a ideredi nj udgingwhethert heshipcolilsiondangersexist[].I nVTS e h t e g d u j d l u o w m e t s y s e h t , s t e e m s p i h s o w t f o l e d o m g n i n r a w y l r a e e h t n e h w , m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e

b a T . s r e g n a d n o i s i ll o c s e k o v e n o it a u ti s e h t r e h t e h w e t a n i m i r c s i d o t y lt s r i f A P C T d n a A P C

D le2shows

e t a n i m i r c s i d o t y a w e h

t alarmfordifferentt rafficsituations. e

l b a

T 2 .TheCondiitonofSystemAlarmingforCollision.

s n o it a u t i

S Head-onandCrossingSituations

7

6 .5[°] ≤ α ≤2 .5[°]92

n o i t a u t i S e k a t r e v O

0[°] ≤ α < 76 .5[°] ro

2 9

2 .5[°] < α <3 [°]60

A P C

D DCPA_<LOA1+LOA2 DCPA< 1₂(LOA1+LOA2) A

P C

T TCPA_<3minutes TCPA_<3minutes g

n i m r a l a m e t s y

S Y es Y es

e h t d n a p i h s n w o f o l l a r e v o h t g n e l e h t t n e s e r p e r 2 A O L d n a 1 A O L e h t , 2 e l b a T n

I other ship

e k a t r e v o n I . m r a l a e h t r e g g i r t d l u o w s t e e m A P C T r o A P C D f o n o i t i d n o c e h t f o e n O . y l e v i t c e p s e r

y l l a r e n e g e r a s n o it c a e h t d n a l l a m s s i s p i h s o w t f o d e e p s e v i t a l e r e h t t a h t g n i r e d i s n o c , n o it a u ti s

h s i A P C D r o f n o i t i d n o c g n i g d u j e h t , p i h s e n o n o d e d n e p e

d alfoft hesumofLOA1andLOA2.

e l p m a x E n o it a c il p p A

o b g n i N n i , N A I L I A H , r e i r r a c k l u b a s e s o o h c e s a c e l p m a x e e h

T -Zhoushanportswaterast heownship

e b n a c a t a d d e t a l e r e h t , 3 e r u g i F n I . 7 1 0 2 , y a M h t 9 1 , 4 0 9 0 e m i t n o a t a d S I A e m i t l a e r e h t e s u d n a

4 8 e s r u o c k c a r t , m 6 . 9 s i t f a r d , m 7 0 2 s i A O L : d e n i a t b

Figure3 .AISDataofOwnShip.

s a w N A I L I A H r a e n , ) C L K ( G N A N A H C M E A L C T M K , r e i r r a c k l u b r e h t o n a , p i h s r e h t o e h t r o F

, m 2 7 1 s i A O L e h t t a h t s w o h s 4 e r u g i F . l e d o m g n i n r a w y l r a e n o i s i ll o c p i h s e h t e t a l u c l a c o t n e s o h c

, m 3 . 8 s i t f a r

d trackcourse264_° ,headcourse264_° ,speed5.1knots .

. 4 e r u g i

F AISDataoft heOtherShip. f

e h t o s e l i m n 5 . 1 n a h t r e g r a l s i e l a c s y t i li b i s i v e h

T visibiiltyis1 ,andt heftypeis1forbulkcarrier .The

fsppedis1.3forHAILIANand0.5forKLCwhilethefdraftis1forboth ,mis3.5whilenis1.25 .Then

e h t ,l e d o m g n i n r a w y l r a e n o i s il l o c f o e z i s e h t n i a t b o o T . d e v i r e d e b n a c s p i h s o w t f o n i a m o d p i h s e h t

s i S I C D E n i n w o h s e c n a t s i d e h t , ) e s a c s i h t n i 2 ( k y b s e m it e r e w h t g n e l s i x a r o n i m d n a r o j a

m 1.63km

l e d o m g n i n r a w y l r a e n o i s il l o c p i h s e h t s i 5 e r u g i F . d e t n u o c c a e r a s p i h s o w t e s e h t f o e s r u o c e h t d n a

. d e n i a t b o

d n a t e m n e e b d a h s p i h s o w t f o l e d o m e h t , 5 e r u g i F m o r

F _{α� 179°}sothisisahead-onsituation .

A P C D e h t , g n i t a l u c l a c r e t f

A _{� 0} ,TCPA_{� 5.4min.}Accordingt oTable2 ,DCPAi smuchsmallert han .

Figure5 .TheGraphofTwoShipsCollisionEarlyWarningSystemModel.

n o is u l c n o C

m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e n o i s i l l o c p i h s d n a l e d o m n i a m o d p i h s c i m a n y d e h

T mode lcan presen tthe

e b n a c s i h t d n a s p i h s t n e r e f f i d r o f y r a v s l e d o m e h T . y l e v it c e j b o s p i h s g n it a g i v a n r o f d e d e e n d e c a p s

e h T . m r a l a e s l a f f o y t i l i b a b o r p e h t e c u d e r d n a m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e S T V e h t e v o r p m i o t d e i l p p a

o s s e c o r p g n i t a l u c l a c s e i f il p m i s l e d o

m ftheVTS early warning mode landautomaitcally calculates .t

n e i c i f f e e r o m m e t s y s g n i n r a w y l r a e e h t s e k a m h c i h w S T V m o r f a t a d e h t

s e c n e r e f e R

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