Thyssen Aufzüge
A companyof ThyssenKrupp Elevator
This planning information will give you an overview of the most important planning criteria of passenger and freight elevators. However you should anyway contact our experts, as our expe-rienced consultants will find a fast, competent and simple solution for your individual requirements. If you include us in your planning process from the start, we can take into consideration all basic requirements, thus reducing the overall costs of your project.
I. Observe the regulations.
The installation of elevators is subject to a number of regula-tions and/or recommendaregula-tions, such as the Elevator Regula-tions, the Regional Building Ordinances, the European Elevator Regulations 95/16/EC and the Safety Rules for the Construction and Installation of Elevators EN81-1 and EN81-2. Compliance with these regula-tions is checked by experts of the acceptance authorities. Elevator installations are only released for operation after a faultless test result has been achieved both from a structural engineering as well as an ele-vator engineering point of view. We have compiled excerpts of the regulations, important for the design and construction of elevator installations and have reworded these slightly for easier understanding. This applies in particular to EN81-1 (traction elevators) and EN81-2 (hydraulic elevators) according to which our passenger and freight elevators are designed.
The figures in square brackets refer to the corresponding items of EN 81.
If you like to get detailed infor-mation please contact our experts.
II. The following regulations have to be taken into account by others:
1. Shaft 1.1 General
The shaft shall be exclusively used for operation of the ele-vator. It shall not contain elec-tric cables or other devices other than for the elevator. The shaft may, however, contain heating equipment for the ele-vator excluding steam heating and high pressure water heating; however, any control and adjustment devices must be located outside the shaft. It is regarded as „shaft“ in the case where enclosures: a) are present: the area inside the enclosure
b) are missing: the area being inside a horizontal distance of 1.5 m from movable compo-nents of the elevator [5.8]. The counterweight of an elevator shall be in the same shaft as the car [5.1.2].
1.2 Lighting of the shaft
The shaft shall be provided with permanently installed electric lighting, giving an intensity of illumination of at least 50 lux, 1 m above the car roof and the pit floor, even when all doors are closed. The shaft lighting shall comprise one lamp at most 0.5 m from the highest
Comment: Generally, the shaft lighting is part of the supply schedule of Thyssen Aufzüge. In case of a partially enclosed shaft this lighting shall not be necessary, if the electric lighting existing in the neighbourhood of the shaft is sufficient [5.9]. Comment: In case of partially enclosed or glass shafts the shaft lighting only is part of the supply schedule by request of customer.
1.3 Shaft enclosure
An elevator shall be separated from the surroundings by a) walls, floor and ceiling, or b) sufficient space
[5.2.1].
1.3.1 Totally enclosed shaft
In sections of the building where the shaft is required to contribute against the spread of fire, the shaft shall be totally enclosed by imperforate walls, floor and ceiling.
The following openings are per-mitted: Openings for: landing doors, inspection and emer-gency doors as well as inspec-tion traps; escape of gases and smoke in the event of fire; ven-tilation; openings for rope and cable bushings between the shaft and the machine room [5.2.1.1].
1.3.2 Partially enclosed shaft
Where the shaft is not required to contribute against the spread of fire, e.g. observation eleva-tors in connection with galleries or atriums, tower buildings, etc. the shaft does not need to be totally enclosed, provided: a) the height of the enclosure at places normally accessible to
endangered by moving parts of the elevator and, interfering with the safe operation of the elevator by reaching elevator equipment within the shaft either directly or with a hand-held object.
The height of the enclosure is assumed to be sufficient if it is 1. minimum 3.5 m at a landing door side
2. minimum 2.5 m at other sides and with a minimum dis-tance of 0.5 m to moving parts of the elevator. If the distance to moving parts of the elevator exceeds 0.5 m, the height can be reduced progressively to a minimum height of 1.1 m in a distance of 2.0 m.
b) the enclosure shall be im-perforate
c) the enclosure shall be lo-cated within 0.15 m maximum of the edges of the floors, stairs or platforms.
Note: Installation of elevators with partially enclosed shaft should only occur after full consideration of the environ-mental-/ local conditions [5.2.1.2].
1.4 Walls, floor and ceiling of the shaft
The design of the shaft shall conform to National Building Regulations and be able to support at least the loads and forces which may be applied by the machine, by the guide rails at the moment of safety gear operation, in the case of ec-centric load in the car, by the action of the buffers, by those which may be applied by the anti-rebound device, by loading and unloading the car, etc. [5.3].
1.5 Strength of the walls
For the safe operation of the elevator, the walls shall have a mechanical strength such that when a force of 300 N, being evenly distributed over an area of 5 cm2in round or square
section, is applied at right angles to the wall at any point on either face they shall a) resist without permanent deformation;
b) resist without elastic defor-mation greater than 15 mm [5.3.1.1.].
Glass panels, plane or formed, placed at points normally accessible to persons shall be made of laminated glass up to a height as required in 1.3.2 [5.3.1.2].
1.6 Ventilation of the shaft
The shaft shall be suitably ven-tilated. It shall not be used to provide ventilation of rooms other than those belonging. Note: in the absence of relevant regulations or standards, it is recommended that ventilation openings at the top of the shaft, with a minimum area of 1 % of the horizontal section of the shaft, are provided [5.2.3].
1.7 Shaft head and shaft pit
Upper clearances for traction elevators must adhere to EN81, item 5.7.1.
The lower part of the shaft shall consist of a pit, the bottom of which shall be smooth and approximately level [5.7.3.1]. If the pit depth exceeds 2.5 m and if the layout of the building so permits, an access door to the pit shall be provided. If there is no other access a per-manent means shall be
pro-vided inside the shaft, easily accessible from the landing door, to permit competent persons to descend safely to the floor of the pit. This shall not project into the clear running space of the elevator equipment [5.7.3.2]. There shall be in the pit: a) stopping device(s) accessible from the door(s) to the pit, and from the pit floor
b) a socket outlet
c) means to switch the elevator shaft lighting, accessible on opening the door(s) to the pit. [5.7.3.4].
Comment: Generally, above means are part of the supply schedule of Thyssen Aufzüge.
1.8 Protection in the shaft
The travelling area of the coun-terweight shall be guarded by means of a rigid screen ex-tending from a position of not more than 0.30 m above the elevator pit floor to a position at least 2.5 m. The width of the enclosure shall be at least equal to that of the counter-weight plus 0.10 m on each side [5.6.1].
Where the shaft contains several elevators there shall be a partition between the moving parts of different elevators. This partition shall extend at least from the lowest point of travel of the car to a height of 2.50 m above the floor of the lowest landing [5.6.2.1].
The partition shall extend through the full height of the shaft if the distance between the edge of the car roof and the moving part is less than 0.50 m [5.6.2.2.].
2. Protection of any spaces located underneath the trav-elling area of the elevator car or the counterweight
If accessible spaces do exist below the car or the counter-weight, the base of the pit shall be designed for rated load of at least 5 000 N/m2, and:
a) either there shall be installed below the counterweight buffer a solid pier extending down to solid ground or
b) the counterweight shall be equipped with safety gear. Note: elevator shaft should preferably not be situated above a space accessible to persons [5.5].
3. Clearances between car and shaft wall facing the car entrance
3.1 General
The clearances specified in the standard shall be maintained not only during the tests before the elevator is put into service, but also throughout the life of the elevator [11.1].
3.2 Clearance between car and wall facing the car entrance
The horizontal distance be-tween the inner surface of the shaft wall and the sill or door frame of the car or closing edge of car sliding door shall not exceed 0.15 m.
The distance given above – may be 0.20 m over a height not exceeding 0.50 m; – is not limited if the car is pro-vided with a mechanically locked door, which can only be opened in the unlocking zone of a landing door [11.2.1].
4. Machine rooms
Elevator machines shall be in a special room, comprising solid walls, ceiling, floor and door and/or trap, and shall be accessible only to authorised persons [6.1.1].
To ensure the correct function-ing of the equipment in the machine room, i.e. taking into account the heat dissipated by the equipment, the ambient temperature in the machine room is assumed to be maintained between +5 °C and +40 °C [0.3.15].
Machine rooms shall be suita-bly ventilated. Ventilation shall be such that the motors, control equipment as well as electric cables, etc. are protected as far as possible from dust, harmful fumes and humidity [6.3.5.1]. These rooms may contain the following equipment:
– equipment for air-conditioning or heating of these rooms, excluding steam heating and high pressure water heating, – fire detectors or fire extin-guishers [6.1.1].
In addition machine rooms shall be so constructed to withstand the loads and forces to which they are intended to be sub-jected and they shall be in durable material [6.3.1.1]. Access to the machine rooms shall be easy to use in complete safety in all circumstances without necessitating entry into private premises [6.2.1.]. Comment: A separate machine room can be omitted if special substitute measures are pro-vided! Our elevator series
Evo-lution®offers a well-balanced,
innovative and economical concept. Please see our special documents.
5. Inspection and emergency doors – inspection traps
Inspection and emergency doors as well as inspection traps to the shaft shall not be used except on grounds of safety to users or the require-ments of maintenance [5.2.2.1].
Inspection doors shall have a minimum height of 1.40 m and a minimum width of 0.60 m. Emergency doors shall have a minimum height of 1.80 m and a minimum width of 0.35 m. Inspection traps shall have a maximum height of 0.50 m and a maximum width of 0.50 m [5.2.2.1.1.].
When the distance between consecutive landing doorsills exceeds 11 m, intermediate emergency doors shall be pro-vided, such that the distance between sills is not more than 11 m. This requirement is not called for in the case of adja-cent cars, each fitted with an emergency door [5.2.2.1.2]. The doors and traps shall be provided with a key-operated lock, capable of being reclosed and relocked without a key [5.2.2.2.1].
Operation of the elevator shall depend on maintaining these doors and traps in the closed position [5.2.2.2.2.].
6. Other
In addition compliance with national and local regulations is required, in particular concern-ing:
– number and design of tors (fireman’s elevator, eleva-tor for the disabled etc.) – design and ventilation of machine rooms and shafts – sound insulation and/or noise reduction
– electromagnetic compatibility – water protection
With regard to the electrical connection conditions please contact the local electric supply company.
III. The following points have to be taken into account with hydraulic elevators
1. Arrangement
In the case of hydraulic eleva-tors the machine room shall be directly placed beside the shaft nearest to the jack. This is the most economical solution. Other versions with longer dis-tances up to 10 m are possible, but lead to efficiency losses. Possible necessary protective measures: the local building authorities in many countries check if it is ensured that leak-age oil does not cause conta-mination of the ground water and if the measures taken comply with the legal require-ments. We recommend finish-ing the machine room floor with an oil proof coating and to pro-vide the door with a sill whose height depends on the oil tank capacity.
2. Pit, borehole
Corresponding to the machine room, we recommend finishing
the pit with an oil proof coating and to provide a minimum height of 250 mm. If necessary, the owner of the installation shall be informed that the legal regulations concerning water protection must be observed.
3. Installation of the jack
Check should be made already in planning stage how the jack is going to be fitted into the shaft.
4. Pressure pipes
Pressure pipes and their fittings shall be appropriately fixed and accessible for inspection. If pressure pipes (either rigid or flexible) pass through walls or floors, they shall be protected by means of ferrules, the dimension of which allow the dismantling, if necessary, of the pipes for inspection.
Furthermore, they shall be designed and installed in such a way to be protected against damage, in particular of mechanical origin [12.3].
IV. Selection and dimen-sioning
1. Some selection criteria for passenger elevators
The following criteria are deci-sive for selecting the right pas-senger elevator:
– structural conditions (e.g. shaft dimensions, etc.) – transporting capacity, or rather the question how many persons are to be transported with the elevator during which time span.
– sufficiently sized elevator cars for possible requirements (e.g. wheel chairs, furniture transports).
2. Take into consideration older and handicapped people
Elevators should be designed in such a way that they may also be used by older and handi-capped people without difficul-ties. Those elevators marked with the wheelchair symbol ... in our project data sheets meet the dimensional requirements of the Deutschen Industrienorm (German Industry Standard) DIN 18024/18025 „Construc-tion of accessible buildings“ and „Accessible dwellings“.
3. Dimensioning of passenger elevators
Traffic calculations form the basis for sufficient dimension-ing of elevators. Should you have no calculation at your disposal or should you have other criteria to be considered, please contact your sales con-sultant.
4. Planning of elevator groups
Generally, all combinations con-cerning rated load, car dimen-sions, open throughs etc. are feasible in the grouping of ele-vators.
The elevators of the group should be arranged close to each other and should have the same number of landings and the same operating speed. We recommend a well-arranged group of max. four adjacent elevators. More than four eleva-tors shall be arranged opposite to each other or angle across. Observe existing local require-ments applying to admissible number of elevators in a shared shaft.
To find the most favourable solution according to the above points, please contact our sales consultant.
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