Database of Chemical Composition, Size Distribution and Optical Parameters of Urban and Suburban PM and its Temporal Variability (Hourly to Seasonal)

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MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-15

Database of Chemical Composition, Size Distribution and Optical Parameters of Urban and Suburban PM and its Temporal Variability (Hourly to Seasonal)

MEGAPOLI Deliverable D3.1

Matthias Beekmann, Urs Baltensperger and the MEGAPOLI campaign team

Measurement facilities at the SIRTA site at Palaiseau, France during the MEGAPOLI summer campaign

2010

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Colophon

Serial title: MEGAPOLI Project Scientific Report 10-15

Title: Database Of Chemical Composition, Size Distribution And Optical Parameters Of Urban And Suburban PM And Its Temporal Variability (Hourly To Seasonal)

Subtitle: MEGAPOLI Deliverable D3.1 Editor(s): -

Main Author(s): Matthias Beekmann (CNRS-LISA), Urs Baltensperger (PSI) Contributing Author(s): MEGAPOLI campaign team

(see detailed list of contributing authors with corresponding affiliations in Acknowledgements) Responsible institution(s):

CNRS-LISA - Centre National de Recherche, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes At- mosphériques (LISA),

61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 CRÉTEIL Cedex, France E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: +33-1-45171545 Fax: +33-1-45171564

PSI - Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Email: [email protected] Phone: +41 56 310-2408

Fax: +41 56 310-4525 Language: English

Keywords: Data base, intensive campaign, field measurements, ground based sites, aerosol gases, chemical composition, size distribution, urban, suburban, variability

Url: http://megapoli.dmi.dk/publ/MEGAPOLI_sr10-15.pdf Digital ISBN: 978-87-993898-6-5

MEGAPOLI: MEGAPOLI-18-REP-2010-10 Website: www.megapoli.info

Copyright: FP7 EC MEGAPOLI Project

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Content:

Abstract ...4

1. Introduction...5

2. Description of the measurement campaign...6

2.1. Spatial set-up of fixed campaign sites...6

2.2. Description of the instrumentation at different sites...7

3. Description of the campaign data base ...12

4. Conclusions...13

Acknowledgements...14

References...15

Appendices...16

A1. MEGAPOLI participants in Paris summer and winter campaigns ...16

A2. Data exchange protocol...17

Previous MEGAPOLI reports...19

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Abstract

Two intensive measurement campaigns were performed in the Ile de France region during a one- month summer and a one-month winter period (July 1 – 31, 2009 and January 15 to February 15, 2010, respectively). The campaigns aimed at better quantifying primary and secondary organic aerosol sources for the example of a big European Megacity (the Paris region) according to the WP3 core objectives O3.1-O3.4:

• O3.1 - To characterize atmospheric aerosol and relevant precursors at two urban and suburban sites in Greater Paris area;

• O3.2 - To provide a source apportionment of PM (separately for ultrafine particles, PM 1, and the coarse mode);

• O3.3 - To examine the evolution of aerosols and gas-aerosol interactions in the urban out- flow of Paris;

• O3.4 - To provide additional data for the evaluation of Chemical Transport Models.

The campaign design included 3 primary and 7 secondary fixed ground measurement sites, an aircraft and 5 mobile platforms. This set-up was much bigger than initially planned and funded by the Commission, due to a large number of additional voluntary contributions by the MEGAPOLI partners and other research groups (see Appendix A1, Table A1), and due to additional national (French) funding.

This Deliverable describes the MEGAPOLI Paris intensive campaigns, in particular, the spatial set- up of the urban and sub-urban fixed sites and the measurements performed. The organisation of the campaign data base at CNRS–LISA is described in Section 3. In this data base, measurement data are now available to the project partners (after signature of a data exchange protocol), and to other groups (upon request). Measurements from mobile platforms (vans and aircraft) allowing the quantification of the export of pollution from the agglomeration to the regional scale are presented in the MEGAPOLI Deliverable 3.4 “Database of the Impact of Megacity Emissions on Regional Scale PM Levels”.

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1. Introduction

Two intensive measurement campaigns were performed in the Ile de France region during a one- month summer and a one-month winter period (July 1 – 31, 2009 and January 15 to February 15, 2010, respectively). The campaigns aimed at better quantifying primary and secondary organic aerosol sources for a big European Megacity (the Paris region) according to the WP3 core objectives O3.1-O3.4. The campaign design included 3 primary and 7 secondary fixed ground measurement sites, an aircraft and 5 mobile platforms (Figure 1). This set-up was much bigger than initially planned and funded by the Commission, due to a large number of additional voluntary contributions by the MEGAPOLI partners and other research groups (see Appendix 1, Table A1), and due to additional national (French) funding.

This Deliverable describes the MEGAPOLI Paris intensive campaign, in particular the spatial set- up of the urban and sub-urban fixed sites and the measurements performed there (Section 2). The organisation of the campaign data base at CNRS – LISA is described in Section 3. In this data base, measurement data are now available to project partners (after signature of a data exchange protocol), and to other groups (upon request). Measurements from mobile platforms (vans and aircraft) allowing the quantification of the export of pollution from the agglomeration to the regional scale are presented in the MEGAPOLI Deliverable 3.4 “Database of the Impact of Megacity Emissions on Regional Scale PM Levels”.

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2. Description of the measurement campaign 2.1. Spatial set-up of fixed campaign sites

The campaign design included 3 primary and 7 secondary fixed ground measurement sites (Figure 1). Primary sites included measurements of the concentration of gas phase pollutants, aerosol size- resolved composition, and of aerosol physical properties. In addition, at one site (SIRTA), at the south-western edge of the agglomeration, dynamical meteorological measurements were performed (on a routine basis, independent of the campaign, but real-time measurements and data access was activated during the campaign). Among these three sites, the central urban site (LHVP) is located near the agglomeration centre, in the 13^th Arrondissement of Paris in the south-east of the town. The SIRTA site is located about 20 km south-west of the central site, and the Golf de la Poudrérie site about 20 km in the North-East. The two latter sites are suburban and located at the edge of the agglomeration. The three primary sites were thus aligned with respect to a south-west / north-east axis which correspond to the major two wind axes prevailing for the agglomeration. Thus in the case of NE or SW winds, one site was upwind, another central, and the third one downwind with respect to the agglomeration. In addition, secondary sites were devoted to vertical measurements, in general by Lidar, and for two sites also spectroscopic column measurements. They are located within Paris and close suburbs and outside or at the edge of the agglomeration in four different sectors. This allowed derivation of spatial gradients in aerosol load or in boundary layer height.

Only measurements at two of the primary sites (LHVP and SIRTA) were contractual in the frame of the FP7 project.

Figure 1: The campaign design included 3 primary (in black) and 3 secondary (in blue) fixed ground measurement sites, an aircraft and 5 mobile platforms. Primary sites were devoted to aerosols and gas phase chemistry, secondary sites to active and passive remote sensing. A specific lidar network was set- up during the winter campaign at a central Paris site (Jussieu) and at 4 cardinal points (red stars) : SIRTA/ Palaiseau (SW), INRA/ Gignon (W),Météo-France, Roissy (NE) and ENPC, Marne la Vallée (E).

PAR-

SIRTA

LHVP

20km

Forest

Créteil

Jussieu

Livry- Gargan

Tour Eiffel, balloon

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2.2. Description of the instrumentation at different sites

At the three primary sites, a complete set-up of instruments was deployed (Table 2) allowing a detailed characterisation of aerosol properties, including their size distribution, volatility, hygro- scopicity, optical properties, and chemical composition. This included fast measurements of aerosol composition by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS with time resolution of a few minutes and single particle composition measurements) and wet chromatographic measurements by a PILS system (at LHVP and SIRTA). These measurements give the mass concentration of inorganic ions, and of primary and secondary organic particulate matter, respectively for PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol. In addition, filter measurements were taken to allow for individual analysis of up to 100 individual organic compounds. Detailed gas-phase measurements were performed, especially of VOCs as precursors of organic aerosol, using PTRMS, on-line and off-line chromatography including derivative tech- niques for oxidised VOCs (Table 3). During the summer campaign, at SIRTA, also radical (OH, HO2) concentration measurements were performed by mass spectrometry, in addition to measurements of species and parameters related to the odd hydrogen radical budget (O3, NOx, HONO, HCHO, J’s, etc.). At one primary site (SIRTA, Tables 4 and 5), extensive dynamical measurements were performed including wind profiles and backscatter Lidar measurements. At this site during the winter campaign, the cloud (fog) phase was also sampled. At two urban secondary sites (Jussieu in the center and Créteil in the south-east of the agglomeration) spectroscopic column measurements and backscatter Lidar measurements were carried out. During the winter campaign, an additional Lidar network was set-up by LEOSPERE at four suburban sites (red stars in Figure 1), with aerosol Lidars produced by this company (either provided directly by the company or by its customers).

Tables 1–4 show that most of the measurements were performed with a high temporal frequency, giving access to the hourly (or even better) variation of pollution. This is an important achievement of this campaign. In addition, the fact that measurements have been performed over a whole summer and a whole winter month allows us to investigate the seasonal variation of gas and particle concentrations.

Table 1: Primary and Secondary Sites of the Paris MEGAPOLI field campaigns

Site Type Obs. Type Latitude Longitude

LHVP,

Paris 13. Urban background Primary 48.819 °N 2.359 °E

SIRTA,

Palaiseau Sub-urban background Primary

+ Meteo/ Dynamics 48.715 °N 2.203 °E Golf de la Poudrérie,

Livry-Gargan

Sub-urban background Primary 48.935 °N 2.547 °E QUALAIR site, Jussieu,

UPMC, Paris 5

Urban background Secondary (Lidar Spectro)

48.847 °N 2.356 °E U-PEC

Créteil Urban background Secondary (Lidar

Spectro) 48.788 °N 2.443 °E

ENPC

Marne La Vallée Sub-urban background Secondary (Lidar) 48.841°N 2.588 °E INRA

Grignon Rural

background Secondary (Lidar) 48.847 °N 1.941 °E Météo-France

Roissy

Sub-urban background Secondary (Lidar) 49.002 °N 2.516 °E Tour Eiffel, Paris 7. Altitude (300m) Secondary (in situ PM) 48.858 °N 2.295 °E Ballon de Paris

Paris 15.

Altitude (0 – 100 m)

Secondary (in situ PM on tethered balloon)

48.859 °N 2.295 °E

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Table 2: Set-up of aerosol measurement at the three primary measurement sites.

Parameter Instrument Time

resol.

Urban site

SOUTH- WEST Suburban

site

NORTH- EAST Suburban

site

LHVP SIRTA GOLF

Number and Mass Concentration

Size distribution - submicron aerosols DMPS/SMPS 5 min IfT UHEL MPI

CN AIS 5 min UHEL

Size distribution after TD V-DMPS/SMPS 5 min FORTH

Size distribution APS 5 min FORTH PSI MPI

Size distribution GRIMM 1min LSCE LSCE MPI

Hygroscopic growth factor HTDMA 5 min IfT PSI

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) CCN counter 5 min PSI

PM1 TEOM-FDMS 15 min I MPI

PM2.5 TEOM-FDMS 15 min INERISIS LSCE

Fast chemistry (<1 h)

size resolved chemistry in PM1

OA, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride AMS 7 sec IfT PSI MPI

PMF analysis from above AMS data IfT PSI MPI

size resolved chemistry in PM1 after TD AMS 2.5 min PSI/UHEL

Inorganic salts in PM2.5 PILS-IC 15 min LSCE LSCE

WSOC in PM2.5 PILS-TOC 4 min LSCE

EC-OC in PM2.5 Sunset Field Inst. 60 min LSCE

PM2.5 TEOM-FDMS 6 min LSCE

Size resolved elements in PM2.5 RDI / SRXFR 60 min PSI PSI

Individual particles ATOF-MS or

SPLAT Some

min

U CORK ATOF-MS

(winter) MPI

SPLAT

Integrated chemistry (1-24 h)

EC-OC + WSOC + ions + sugars in PM2.5 Filters (Partisol) 3 h LSCE LSCE

EC-OC + ions in PM1 Filters 12h LSCE

Carbon-14 in PM1

Filter (daily

sampling) 48h PSI PSI

Organic tracers in PM2.5 (up to 100 individual compounds, for primary emission sources and secondary formation pathways – biogenic and anthropogenic, ),

Filter (DA80 in

PM2.5) 12h LCP -

LGGE LCP - LGGE

Size resolved chemistry

13-stage Cascade

Impactor 24-48h LSCE LCP - LGGE

Optical properties

Absorption coefficient (BC) Aethalometer 7-L 5 min LSCE LSCE

Absorption coefficient (BC) MAAP 1-5 min IfT PSI MPI

Black carbon SP2 1 sec PSI

Light scattering coefficient TSI 3wavelength 5 min IfT PSI

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Table 3: Gas-phase concentration measurements at the three primary sites.

Parameter Instrument Time resolution

Urban site

SOUTH- WEST Suburban

site

NORTH- EAST Suburban

site LHVP SIRTA

In-situ measurements

O3 UV analyser 1 min LSCE LISA MPI

CO IR /GC analyser 1 min LSCE LSCE +

LISA MPI

NOx Chemiluminescence 1 min LSCE LISA

NOy Chemiluminescence 1 min LISA

HONO Gas-liquid conversion

- HPLC-UV 5 min LISA

PAN GC-ECD 5 min LISA

Light NMHC (C2-C6) GC-FID summer only

> C4 30 min LSCE LISA

NMHC (C6-C10) GC-FID 30 min LSCE LISA

VOC PTR-MS 2.5 min LCP

SO2 Fluorescence UV 1min MPI

OH/HO2 CIMS (only summer) 5 min LATMOS

Oxygenated VOC GC-FID-MS

only winter 90 min EMD OH reactivity PTR-MS

(only winter) 2 min LSCE CO-CO2

PICARRO

(only winter) 1 min LSCE

Integrated chemistry

HCHO AMOVOC/HPLC 1h LISA LISA/EMD

Oxygenated VOC Cartridges/HPLC-UV 3h LISA/EMD

VOC Cartridges/GC-MS 3h LSCE LISA/EMD

CO2 isotopes Flasks / GC

(only winter) variable LSCE

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Table 4: Vertical aerosol measurements by Lidars, Sun–photometers and by Spectrometers.

Parameter Instrument SITE Laboratory Remarks

Aerosol Optical Depth Cimel sunpho- tometer

SIRTA UPMC roof LISA roof

SIRTA LPMAA LMD

Continuous

Height corrected backscatter 355 nm, depolarisation, aerosol extinction

Lidar ALS 450

SIRTA

SIRTA Continuous

Height corrected backscatter 532 and 1064 nm, depolarisation, aerosol extinction

LMD- Multiwavelenth

lidar

U-PEC roof Créteil

LMD Non-continous Mainly summer

Height corrected backscatter 355 nm, depolarisation, aerosol extinction

CIMEL aerosol lidar

UPMC roof Jussieu,

Paris

LATMOS Non-continous Mainly summer

Height corrected backscatter 355 nm, depolarisation, aerosol

extinction

Lidar ALS 450 Roissy (Météo- France)

LEOSPHERE Continuous Winter

extinction Lidar ALS 450 Marne-la- Vallée,

ENPC

ANDRA Continuous

Winter

extinction Lidar ALS 450

Grignon (INRA)

LSCE Continuous

Winter

Total O3 and CO collumns IRTF U-PEC roof Créteil

LISA Non-continous Mainly summer Vertical profiles, total or partial

columns of CO, CH4, N2O, O3, CO2,

IRTF UPMC

roof Jussieu

LPMAA Non-continous Mainly summer CO ground volume mixing

ratio (at around 60 m asl) CO11M UPMC roof Jussieu

LPMAA Continuous

NO2 tropospheric columns SAOZ UPMC roof Jussieu

LATMOS Continuous

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Table 5: Meteorological profiling measurements at the suburban IPSL/SIRTA site at Ecole Polytech- nique, Palaiseau (France).

Parameter Instrument Time

resolution Vertical range

and resolution Laboratory Remarks Temperature, pressure,

relative humidity, precipi- tation

Surface weather

station 1 min Surface LMD Continuous

Solar and Infrared irradiances

K&Z pyranometer, pyrheliometer,

pyrgeometer

1 min Surface LMD Continuous

Horizontal and vertical

wind components Sonic anemome-

ter 10 min 10 and 30 m

above ground LMD + CEREA Continuous Turbulent Fluxes Sonic anemome-

ter 10 min 10 and 30 m

above ground LMD + CEREA Continuous Vertical profile of horizon-

tal wind module and direction

+ vertical wind component

PA2 SODAR

(Remtech) 20 min 100 – 600 m

50 m resolution CEREA Continuous Vertical profile of horizon-

tal wind module and direction + vertical wind component

WLS7 LIDAR

(Leosphere) 10 min 40 – 300 m

50 m resolution Leosphere

SAS Continuous Vertical profile of horizon-

tal wind module and direction

+ vertical wind component

CURIE X-band

RADAR 5-10 min 24m resolution ^{40-700 m} LATMOS Continuous

Mixing layer depth ALS450 LIDAR

(Leosphere) 5 min 200 – 5000 m LMD Continuous

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3. Description of the campaign data base

The campaign data base for the Paris MEGAPOLI campaign has been set-up at CNRS LISA on a dedicated PC. It is accessible via the LISA MEGAPOLI website (http://megapoli.lisa.univ- paris12.fr), which also gives general information about the campaign and is linked with the general MEGAPOLI project official website.

The data base is file oriented, which means that files are stored and can be downloaded as they come in, with the exception of a format control. The common campaign data base format is NASA / Ames for 1D data (time series). This format is in common use also for other campaign data bases (for example for the FP6 EUCAARI project). Lidar data will be distributed in as netcdf or HDF format.

Data can be uploaded to: Data can be downloaded at:

ftp.lisa.univ-paris12.fr login: anonymous password: “your email”

cd incoming /MEGAPOLI

http://megapoli.lisa.univ-paris12.fr Data and Measurements

To DATABASE

In order to enter the site for downloading data, a username and a password are required. These will be provided by the data base administrator Catherine Schmechtig (contact:

[email protected]), whom is a research engineer at the CNRS-LISA, to project partners and to additional associated partners listed in the Appendix A1 of this report, only after signing the data exchange protocol (see details in Appendix A2).

The data base is organised in the following way. An entry page shows the different primary and secondary sites described in Section 2.1 (see Figure 2). From this page, sub-pages for the different sites can be reached. On each site page, a list of the performed measurements is displayed (as given in Tables 1 to 5). A different list of data files is then available for the summer and winter period on a click.

The data base coverage for contractual data is good for the summer campaign (about 90%), but slightly less for the winter campaign (about 80%), for which time for data reduction was less. For non-contractual data, the data coverage is less good. For the primary Golf de Poudrière site the corresponding data have been submitted. For many Lidar sites, at least raw data have been submitted. The missing data that were not part of the original design of the campaigns are a bonus and their delay will not provide obstacles in the planned next steps of MEGAPOLI.

At a later stage, in the middle of year 2011, data will be transferred from the local CNRS-LISA to the CNRS / CNES topical center Ether data base (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr) for longer term storage and distribution, irrespective of the FP7 project’s end. In general, no new data submission will be necessary for this, but provision of a metadata file will be requested from PI’s.

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Figure 2 : Entry page of the CNRS-LISA campaign data base.

4. Conclusions

This MEGAPOLI Deliverable 3.1 describes the MEGAPOLI Paris intensive campaigns, in particular the spatial set-up of the urban and sub-urban fixed sites and the measurements performed. It presents the organisation of the campaign data base at the CNRS–LISA. In this data base, measurement data are now available to project partners (after signature of a data exchange protocol), and to other groups (upon request).

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Acknowledgements

The MEGAPOLI project is very thankful and acknowledges the Laboratoire d’Hygiène de Paris (LHVP), The SIRTA/IPSL, le Golf de la Poudrérie à Livry-Gargan for hosting campaign sites. Without this help, the campaign would not have been possible. Also University Paris-Est, Créteil, INRA/Gignon, Météo-France, Roissy and ENPC, Marne la Vallée are thanked to host lidar instruments. It is also grateful to all voluntary participants who made this campaign a great success.

All contributions from the MEGAPOLI campaign team are acknowledged :

M. Beekmann¹, U. Baltensperger², A. Borbon¹, J. Sciare³, V. Gros³, A. Baklanov⁴, M. Lawrence⁵, S. Pandis⁶, V.Kostenidou⁶, M.Psichoudaki⁶, L. Gomes⁷, P. Tulet⁷, A. Wiedensohler⁸, A. Held^*, L. Poulain⁸, K.Kamilli⁸, W.

Birmli⁸, A. Schwarzenboeck⁹, K. Sellegri⁹, A. Colomb⁹, J.M. Pichon⁹, Frenay⁹, S. Crumeyrolle⁹, J.L.

Jaffrezo¹⁰, P. Laj¹⁰, C. Afif¹, V. Ait-Helal¹*, B. Aumont¹, S. Chevailler¹, P. Chelin¹, I. Coll¹, J.F. Doussin¹, R.

Durand-Jolibois¹, H. Mac Leod¹, V. Michoud¹, K. Miet¹, N. Grand¹, S. Perrier¹, H. Petetin¹, T. Raventos¹, C.

Schmechtig¹, G. Siour¹, C. Viatte¹, Q. Zhang¹**, P. Chazette³, M. Bressi³, M. Lopez⁵, P. Royer³, R. Sarda- Esteve³, F. Drewnick⁵, J. Schneider⁵, M. Brands⁵, S. Bormann⁵, K. Dzepina⁵, F. Freutel⁵, S. Gallavardin⁵, T.

Klimach⁵, T. Marbach⁵, R. Shaiganfar⁵, S.L. Von der Weiden⁵, T. Wagner⁵, S.Zorn⁵, P. De Carlo², A. Prevot², M. Crippa², C. Mohr², Marie Laborde², M. Gysel², Roberto Chirico², Maarten Heringa², A. Butet¹¹, A.

Bourdon¹¹, E. Mathieu¹¹, T. Perrin¹¹, SAFIRE team, J.Wenger¹², R. Healy¹², I.O. Connor¹², E. Mc Gil- licuddy¹², P. Alto¹³, J.P.Jalkanen¹³, M. Kulmala¹³, P Lameloise¹⁴, V. Ghersi¹⁴, O. Sanchez¹⁴, A. Kauffman¹⁴, H. Marfaing¹⁴, C. Honoré¹⁴, L. Chiappini¹⁵, O. Favez¹⁵, F. Melleux¹⁵, G. Aymoz¹⁵, B. Bessagnet¹⁵, L. Rouil¹⁵, S. Rossignol¹⁵, M. Haeffelin¹⁶, C. Pietras¹⁶, J. C. Dupont¹⁶, and the SIRTA team, S. Kukui¹⁷, E. Dieudonné¹⁷, F. Ravetta¹⁷, J.C.Raut¹⁷,G. Ancellet^17,F. Goutail¹⁷, J.L Besombes¹⁸, N. Marchand¹⁹, Y. Le Moullec²⁰, J.

Cuesta²¹, Y. Té²², N. Laccoge²³, S. Lolli²⁴, L. Sauvage²⁴, S.Loannec²⁴, D. Ptak²⁵, A. Schmidt²⁵, S. Conil²⁶, M.

Boquet²⁷

1 Laboratoire InterUniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Université Paris Est et 7, CNRS, Créteil, France,

2 Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland,

3 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), Gif sur Yvette, France,

4 Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark,

5 Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany,

6 Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, University of Patras, Greece,

7 Game,Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, Toulouse, France,

8 Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Leipzig, Germany,

9 Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Clermont-Ferrand, France,

10 Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, Grenoble, France,

11 SAFIRE, Toulouse, France,

12 University College Cork, Ireland,

13 University of Helsinki, Finland,

14 AIRPARIF, Paris, France,

15 INERIS, France,

16 SIRTA/IPSL, Palaiseau, France,

17 Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Paris, France,

18 Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement, Chambery, France,

19 Laboratoire de Chimie Provence, Marseille, France,

20 Laboratoire de l’Hygiène de la Ville de Paris, France,

21 Laboratorie de Météorologie Dynamique, Palaiseau, France,

22 Laboratorie de Physique Moléculaire pour l'Atmosphère et l'Astrophysique,

23 Département Environnement et Chimie, Ecole de Mines de Douais, France,

24 LEOSPHERE, France,

25 Universität Duisburg-Essen), Germany,

26 ANDRA, Châtenay-Malabry, France,

27 CEREA, Marne La Vallée, France,**also ARIA-Technologie. France

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Poulain, Laurent; Kamilli, Katharina; Merkel, Maik; Held, Andreas; Sciare, Jean; Sarda-Estève, Roland;

Larmanou, Eric; Wiedensohler, Alfred: Particle characterization using two on-line instruments (PILS and AMS) during MEGAPOLI intensive campaigns in Paris, International Aerosol Conference (IAC), 29 August – September 3, Helsinki, 2010.

Sciare Jean, Roland Sarda-Esteve, And Jose Nicolas, Hourly-resolved chemical mass balance of fine aero- sols (PM2.5) in Paris (France) during summertime: First results of the EU-FP7-MEGAPOLI program, International Aerosol Conference (IAC), 29 August – September 3, Helsinki, 2010.

Xueref-Remy, I., M. Delmotte, C. Vuillemin, M. Schmidt, V. Gros, J. Sciare, and P. Rayner, CO2-Megaparis:

an intensive study of CO2 emissions from Paris megacity (in collaboration with the EU project MEGAPOLI).

Zhang, Qijie, Matthias Beekmann and the MEGAPOLI AMS Team, Modelling of Organic Aerosol with the Volatility-Basis-Set approach during the MEGAPOLI Summer Campaign in the Paris Region, EGU, General Assembly 2010, Vienna Austria, 02 – 07 May 2010.

Zhang, Qi Jie , Matthias Beekmann, and the MEGAPOLI AMS-team^,Modeling of Organic Aerosol with the Volatility-Basis-Set approach during the MEGAPOLI Summer Campaign, 13th International Confer- ence on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes 1-4 June

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Appendices

A1. MEGAPOLI participants in Paris summer and winter campaigns

More than 25 laboratories participated to the MEGAPOLI campaign, more than the double of initially planned and funded. They are listed in the following Table A.1.

Table A1 : Institutes participating in the MEGAPOLI campaign

FP7 funded research laboratories:

• GAME-CNRM (Météo-France/CNRS), France,

• Institut für Troposphärenforschung, Leipzig, Germany,

• LaMP (CNRS / Université Blaise Pascal), France,

• LGGE (Université Joseph Fourier / CNRS), France,

• LISA/IPSL (CNRS / Universités Paris-Est et Paris 7), France,

• LSCE/IPSL (CEA / CNRS / UVSQ), France,

• Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland,

• SAFIRE (CNRS / Météo-France / CNES), France,

• Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Greece

• University of Helsinki, Finland.

Additional research laboratories or non-funded groups/activities:

ANDRA (ASL lidar network, winter),

AIRPARIF, France,

CEREA (Ecole des Ponts et Chaussés / EDF), France,

Département Chimie & Environnement (Ecole des Mines de Douai), France,

Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland (ceilometer measurements),

INERIS, France,

INRA (ECG) (ASL lidar network, winter),

LATMOS/IPSL (CNRS / UVSQ / UPMC), France,

LPMAA/IPSL (UMR7092 / CNRS / UPMC), France,

LCME (Université de Savoie), France,

LCP-IRA (CNRS / Université de Provence), France,

LEOSPHERE (ASL, lidar network, winter), Orsay, France

LMD/ IPSL (CNRS / ENS / Ecole Polytechnique / UPMC), France,

Max-Planck Institut für Chemie Mainz, Germany, Aerosol group,

Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, (mobile measurements),

SIRTA/ IPSL (CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique),

University Essen-Duisburg, Germany (summer only)

University College of Cork, Ireland (winter only).

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A2. Data exchange protocol

Data exchange protocol for the MEGAPOLI Paris campaign data in summer 2009 and winter 2010

September 9, 2010

The aims of the MEGAPOLI data exchange protocol are (a) to ensure rapid dissemination of data and results within the project consortium, (b) to protect the data ownership of the contributing scientists and (c) to ensure that project data are preserved and made available after the end of the project. This data protocol concerns the measurement data obtained during the Ile de France MEGAPOLI campaign in summer 2009 and winter 2010, and regulates how they should be man- aged by and archived at the LISA data centre and in the French Ether base. The following are considered part of this protocol: partners of the FP7/ MEGAPOLI (see list in Appendix 1) project and of the national ANR MEGAPOLI-PARIS (see list in Appendix 2) projects. Voluntary participants (see list in Appendix 3) to the campaign are invited to join the agreement. The ensemble of partners is called hereafter MEGAPOLI CONSORTIUM.

Undersigned of the data exchange protocol agrees to the following principal rules:

• Preliminary data must be made available to other project participants as soon as possible.

This must be done by submitting the data to the central project archive at LISA. Data may be stored in any format, but must be fully documented and self descriptive.

• Final data must be submitted to the LISA archive no later than 10 June 2010 for the summer campaign and 15 September 2010 for the winter campaign. The common default data format is NASA Ames (exceptions are possible for 2D or 3D data). For voluntary participants, this deadline can be delayed, if necessary, but this delay should be as short as possible.

• Data ownership remains with the data originator, also after the projects finish.

• All scientists of the MEGAPOLI CONSORTIUM are to have equal and complete access to the measurements produced by the project.

• If data from another group of the MEGAPOLI CONSORTIUM are used in a publication, joint authorship must be offered and intellectual input must be discussed with the data owner.

This implies that the lead author should inform the data owner about planned publications early in their preparation, but at least one month before submission. Each data owner has the right to refuse to allow his/her work to be used in another publication prior to his/her own publication of the work. The data owner must then publish the work within reasonable time (12 months after the request). However, the right to refuse a publication does not apply to project partners if it prevents from a timely achievement of project objectives (FP7/MEGAPOLI, ANR MEGAPARIS).

• Data access to other groups can be decided jointly by the FP7 / MEGAPOLI Project Steer- ing Committee and the ANR MEGAPOLI-PARIS coordinator. Data access is always lim- ited to undersigned of the data exchange protocol.

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• Data will be transferred to the French ETHER data base (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr) to insure a long term data storage and availability (during the second half of 2010 and first half of 2011). The transfer of this data will not change any rules of the MEGAPOLI Data Exchange Protocol.

• After the FP7 project is complete (September 2011), access is granted to every person signing the data protocol. After two years of the end of the FP7 project (October 2013), the access to the data base will be free.

• Any extensions or disagreements shall be considered by the FP7 / MEGAPOLI Project Steering Committee and by the ANR MEGAPOLI-PARIS coordinator.

Signature:

Institute and group name:

Project PI / responsible name:

Date and signature:

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Previous MEGAPOLI reports

Previous reports from the FP7 EC MEGAPOLI Project can be found at:

http://www.megapoli.info/

Collins W.J. (2009): Global radiative forcing from megacity emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases. Deliverable 6.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 09-01, 17p, MEGAPOLI-01-REP-2009- 10, ISBN: 978-87-992924-1-7

http://megapoli.dmi.dk/publ/MEGAPOLI_sr09-01.pdf

Denier van der Gon, HAC, AJH Visschedijk, H. van der Brugh, R. Dröge, J. Kuenen (2009): A base year (2005) MEGAPOLI European gridded emission inventory (1st version). Deliverable 1.2, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 09-02, 17p, MEGAPOLI-02-REP-2009-10, ISBN: 978-87- 992924-2-4

Baklanov A., Mahura A. (Eds) (2009): First Year MEGAPOLI Dissemination Report. Deliverable 9.4.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 09-03, 57p, MEGAPOLI-03-REP-2009-12, ISBN: 978- 87-992924-3-1

Allen L., S Beevers, F Lindberg, Mario Iamarino, N Kitiwiroon, CSB Grimmond (2010): Global to City Scale Urban Anthropogenic Heat Flux: Model and Variability. Deliverable 1.4, MEGA- POLI Scientific Report 10-01, MEGAPOLI-04-REP-2010-03, 87p, ISBN: 978-87-992924-4-8 http://megapoli.dmi.dk/publ/MEGAPOLI_sr10-01.pdf

Pauli Sievinen, Antti Hellsten, Jaan Praks, Jarkko Koskinen, Jaakko Kukkonen (2010): Urban Morphological Database for Paris, France. Deliverable D2.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-02, MEGAPOLI-05-REP-2010-03, 13p, ISBN: 978-87-992924-5-5

Moussiopoulos N., Douros J., Tsegas G. (Eds.) (2010): Evaluation of Zooming Approaches De- scribing Multiscale Physical Processes. Deliverable D4.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-03, MEGAPOLI-06-REP-2010-01, 41p, ISBN: 978-87-992924-6-2

Mahura A., Baklanov A. (Eds.) (2010): Hierarchy of Urban Canopy Parameterisations for Different Scale Models. Deliverable D2.2, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-04, MEGAPOLI-07-REP- 2010-03, 50p, ISBN: 978-87-992924-7-9

Dhurata Koraj, Spyros N. Pandis (2010): Evaluation of Zooming Approaches Describing Multi- scale Chemical Transformations. Deliverable D4.2, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-05, MEGAPOLI-08-REP-2010-01, 29p, ISBN: 978-87-992924-8-6

Igor Esau (2010): Urbanized Turbulence-Resolving Model and Evaluation for Paris. Deliverable D2.4.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-06, MEGAPOLI-09-REP-2010-03, 20p, ISBN: 978- 87-992924-9-3

Grimmond CSB., M. Blackett, M.J. Best, et al. (2010): Urban Energy Balance Models Comparison.

Deliverable D2.3, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-07, MEGAPOLI-10-REP-2010-03, 72p, ISBN: 978-87-993898-0-3

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Gerd A. Folberth, Steve Rumbold, William J. Collins, Tim Butler (2010): Determination of Radia- tive Forcing from Megacity Emissions on the Global Scale. Deliverable D6.2, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-08, MEGAPOLI-11-REP-2010-03, 19p, ISBN: 978-87-993898-1-0

Thomas Wagner, Steffen Beirle, Reza Shaiganfar (2010): Characterization of Megacity Impact on Regional and Global Scales Using Satellite Data. Deliverable D5.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-09, MEGAPOLI-12-REP-2010-03, 25p, ISBN: 978-87-993898-2-7

Baklanov A., Mahura A. (Eds.) (2010): Interactions between Air Quality and Meteorology, Deliv- erable D4.3, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-10, MEGAPOLI-13-REP-2010-03, 48p, ISBN:

978-87-993898-3-4

Baklanov A. (Ed.) (2010): Framework for Integrating Tools. Deliverable D7.1, MEGAPOLI Scien- tific Report 10-11, MEGAPOLI-14-REP-2010-03, 68p, ISBN: 978-87-993898-4-1

Sofiev M., Prank M., Vira J., and MEGAPOLI Modelling Teams (2010): Provision of global and regional concentrations fields from initial baseline runs. Deliverable D5.2, MEGAPOLI Tech- nical Note 10-12, MEGAPOLI-15-REP-2010-03, 10p.

H.A.C. Denier van der Gon, J. Kuenen, T. Butler (2010): A Base Year (2005) MEGAPOLI Global Gridded Emission Inventory (1st Version). Deliverable D1.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-13, MEGAPOLI-16-REP-2010-06, 20p, ISBN: 978-87-993898-5-8

Lawrence M. G., Butler T. M., Collins W., Folberth G., Zakey A., Giorgi F. (2010): Meteorological Fields for Present and Future Climate Conditions. Deliverable D6.5, MEGAPOLI Technical Note 10-14, MEGAPOLI-17-REP-2010-09, 9p.

Beekmann M., Baltensperger U., and the MEGAPOLI campaign team (2010): Database of Chemi- cal Composition, Size Distribution and Optical Parameters of Urban and Suburban PM and its Temporal Variability (Hourly to Seasonal). Deliverable D3.1, MEGAPOLI Scientific Report 10-15, MEGAPOLI-18-REP-2010-10, 21p, ISBN: 978-87-993898-6-5

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MEGAPOLI

Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmos- pheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for

assessment and mitigation

EC FP7 Collaborative Project 2008-2011

Theme 6: Environment (including climate change) Sub-Area: ENV-2007.1.1.2.1:

Megacities and regional hot-spots air quality and climate

MEGAPOLI Project web-site

http://www.megapoli.info

MEGAPOLI Project Office

Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100

Copenhagen, Denmark E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +45-3915-7441 Fax: +45-3915-7400

MEGAPOLI Project Partners

• DMI - Danish Meteorological Institute (Denmark) - Contact Persons: Prof. Alexander Baklanov (co- ordinator), Dr. Alexander Mahura (manager)

• FORTH - Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas and University of Patras (Greece) - Prof.

Spyros Pandis (vice-coordinator)

• MPIC - Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Germany) - Dr. Mark Lawrence (vice-coordinator)

• ARIANET Consulting (Italy) – Dr. Sandro Finardi

• AUTH - Aristotle University Thessaloniki (Greece) - Prof. Nicolas Moussiopoulos

• CNRS - Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (incl. LISA, LaMP, LSCE, GAME, LGGE) (France) – Dr. Matthias Beekmann

• FMI - Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland) – Prof. Jaakko Kukkonen

• JRC - Joint Research Center (Italy) – Dr. Stefano Galmarini

• ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics (Italy) - Prof. Filippo Giorgi

• KCL - King's College London (UK) – Prof. Sue Grimmond

• NERSC - Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (Norway) – Dr. Igor Esau

• NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research (Norway) – Dr. Andreas Stohl

• PSI - Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland) – Prof.

Urs Baltensperger

• TNO-Built Environment and Geosciences (The Netherlands) – Prof. Peter Builtjes

• MetO - UK MetOffice (UK) – Dr. Bill Collins

• UHam - University of Hamburg (Germany) – Prof.

Heinke Schluenzen

• UHel - University of Helsinki (Finland) – Prof.

Markku Kulmala

• UH-CAIR - University of Hertfordshire, Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research (UK) – Prof. Ranjeet Sokhi

• USTUTT - University of Stuttgart (Germany) – Prof. Rainer Friedrich

• WMO - World Meteorological Organization (Switzerland) – Dr. Liisa Jalkanen

• CUNI - Charles University Prague (Czech Repub- lic) – Dr. Tomas Halenka

• IfT - Institute of Tropospheric Research (Ger- many) – Prof. Alfred Wiedensohler

• UCam - Centre for Atmospheric Science, Univer- sity of Cambridge (UK) – Prof. John Pyle

Work Packages

WP1: Emissions

(H. Denier van der Gon, P. Builtjes) WP2: Megacity features

(S. Grimmond, I. Esau) WP3: Megacity plume case study

(M. Beekmann, U. Baltensperger) WP4: Megacity air quality

(N. Moussiopoulos)

WP5: Regional and global atmospheric composition (J. Kukkonen, A. Stohl)

WP6: Regional and global climate impacts (W. Collins, F. Giorgii)

WP7: Integrated tools and implementation (R. Sokhi, H. Schlünzen)

WP8: Mitigation, policy options and impact assessment (R. Friedrich, D. van den Hout)

WP9: Dissemination and Coordination