Chris Adesanya
Panasonic System Solutions Company [email protected]
Understanding Network Video Security Systems
Introduction and Overview
This session will provide vendor neutral introduction to the terminology and specifications used to describe a video security system. By the end of the session attendees should have an understanding of the terminology used to describe the cameras, recorders and infrastructure components that make up a network video security system and have the foundation necessary to understand how these systems impact the ITS design.
Agenda
Understanding the Camera SpecificationsLenses and Optics
Imager Types and Size Resolution,
Day/Night Capabilities Signal to Noise Ratio Dynamic Range
Color Reproduction
Network Transport of Video Information Compression Methods
Transport Protocols Infrastructure Components
Centralized and Distributed Systems Power and Power Over Ethernet Questions and Answers
Camera Specifications
Anatomy of a Typical Network Camera
Understanding Lenses
1/3” Imager 1/4” Imager
Both with 12mm lenses
Field of View: Effects of Imager Size
Imager Types: CCD (Charge Coupled Devices)
The “Simple” ExplanationLight
Sensor made up of photoreactive ‘pixels’ or picture elements
Light causes a charge to build up on each pixel proportional to light intensity Control circuit sends accumulated charges to ‘charge amplifier’
Charge amplifier converts charges to sequential analog signal
Imager Types: CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor)
The “Simple” Explanation
Light
Sensor made up of photodetector ‘pixels’ or picture elements Photodetector sends signal to CMOS transistors
Signal is read at the output of one of the transistors Other transistors buffer and reset the photodetector
Scanning Area refers to the number of pixels on the imager
Resolution: Scanning Area and Pixels
768
494 768 x 494
Interlaced Scanning
Scanning Area refers to the number of pixels on the imager
Resolution: Scanning Area and Pixels
768
494 768 x 494
Progressive Scanning
MegaPixel – 1280 x 960 (1.3M)
Progressive vs Interlaced Scan
vs.
Resolution: Lines of Resolution
EIA 1956 Resolution Chart
Normal Camera
Mega Pixel Camera
Image may be copyright.
Not all Pixels are Created Equal
Actual lines of resolution achieved can be effected by
• Signal to Noise Ratio
• Imager Size
• Sensitivity
• Lenses
Megapixel cameras can be great, but make sure the gain in resolution justifies the extra bandwidth and storage needed to support them.
Black and White vs. Color
Day/Night Mode
• CCD Sensitive to IR Light
• IR Filter used in color mode to filter IR light out
• In B/W mode IR filter removed
• 3 Pixels used for color “recycled” for B/W
• Sensitivity increased
• Resolution increased
Lux Ratings and Signal to Noise Ratios
• Lux
– minimum luminance level at which the camera
will record a satisfactory image. (=LOW)
Min Illumination
0.5lx@color, 0.04lx@BW Min Illumination
0.5lx@color, 0.008lx@BW Min Illumination 1.0lx@color, 0.15lx@BW
B/W mode
Lux Ratings and Signal to Noise Ratios
Lux Ratings and Signal to Noise Ratios
• Lux
– minimum luminance level at which the camera will record a satisfactory image. (=LOW)
• SNR
– the level of a desired signal to the level of
background noise (=HIGH)
Min. Illumination 1.5 lx
MEGA pixel comparison low light condition
Vertical noise
Low frequency horizontal noise
Min. Illumination 1.5 lx
MEGA pixel comparison – low light condition
Vertical noise
Low frequency horizontal noise
Dynamic Range
The difference between the darkest area and the brightest are for which a usable picture can be obtained is know as ‘Dynamic Range’.
Usually expressed in dB.
Poor color reproduction
narrow DYNAMIC
DANGE
Poor color reproduction
narrow DYNAMIC
DANGE
Poor color reproduction
High performance of
Color reproduction
Dynamic range is higher
COLOR REPRODUCTION
Network Transport of Video Information
Intraframe Ex M-JPEG
Intraframe vs. Interframe
Interframe Ex: MPEG-4
• Encoding Frames
– I-frames (Intra-frames)
• completely self-contained / do not reference any other frames – P-frames
• Reference the frame that came before it for image data
• Each macroblock of a P-frame can be encoded independently of anything else
• P-frames use the similarities found in subsequent frames; are significantly smaller than I-frames
– B-frames are called key frames
• "Bidirectional" frames, meaning that they can reference frames that come both before and after itself
MPEG-4 Encoding Details
• Intraframe
– JPEG, JPEG2000
– Code a single image on a standalone basis
• Interframe
– MPEG1, 2, 4, H.261, H.263, H.264/AVC (also known as MPEG4 Part 10)
– Utilizes motion compensation; Takes advantage of redundancy between nearby video frames
– Based on motion vectors that predict frame content; Use blocks drawn from one or more nearby frames
Methods for Encoding Video for IP Transmission
Using Encoded Video
Storing and Recording Encoded Video
Software based recording Solutions
• Software loads on end user Windows based PCs
• End user can provide and maintain their own hardware
• Failure of PC running software can cause loss of recording system Embedded Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) Appliance DVRs
• Appliance dedicated to recording and storing of encoded video
• Hardware provided by manufacturer
• Not dependent upon third part OS and drivers
• Usually do not require license keys
• Usually managed by PC based software Software as a Service
• Users Purchase “subscription” to site hosting service
Frame Rate
highspeedcam.wmv
What is “Real Time” Video?
Frame Rate Comparison Tool
http://www.panasonic.com/business/security/demos/PSS-recording-rates.html
PSS-recording-rates.html
Storing and Recording Encoded Video (Design Considerations)
– Recoding frame rate-images per second – Image resolution
– Image quality (amount of compression) – Days of retention
– Ability to search, sort and playback data – Fault tolerance and error recovery
– Reliability and survivability
– Other features (bell and whistles)
Infrastructure Considerations
Analog Camera
Network Camera
Coaxial Video or UTP Cable
Digital Video Recorder
Camera Power Supply Multiconductor Low Voltage Power Cable
(power injection in UTP Cable may be used)
Ethernet Cable
Midspan PoE Device
Network Switch
Network Video Recorder or Recording Server
Infrastructure Components
• Analog
• IP
Adding Coaxial cable
Conduit
Adding
Ethernet Cable
L2 switch
Infrastructure Components
Infrastructure Components
Infrastructure Components
IP-Based Centralized Recording System
MCC
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STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REM OTEPOWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+12V@17 A
STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REM OTEPOWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+12V@17 A
STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REM OTEPOWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+12V@17 A
STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3 A-1.5A, 5 0-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTEPOW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+ 12V@17A
STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3 A-1.5A, 5 0-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTEPOW ER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+12V@17A
STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REM OTEPOWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+12V@17 A
STACK 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100-240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
DC INPUTS FOR REM OTEPOWER SUPPLY SPECIFIED IN MANUAL+12V@17 A
Command Center
Features:
Features:
-Dependence on Core Switch -Dependence on Core Switch Operation
Operation -
-Better control of key Better control of key equipment
equipment
-Concentrated Network Load-Concentrated Network Load
IP-Based Distributed Recording System
MCC
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STAC K 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100 -240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 5 0-60 H Z
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFI ED IN MANUALPOW ER SUPPLY+12V@17A
STAC K 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100 -240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 5 0-60 H Z
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFI ED IN MANUALPOW ER SUPPLY+12V@17A
STAC K 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100 -240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 5 0-60 H Z
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFI ED IN MANUALPOW ER SUPPLY+12V@17A
STAC K 1STACK 2C ONSOLE
RATING 100-240 V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
D C INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFIED IN MANU ALPOWER SUPPLY+12V@1 7A
STAC K 1STACK 2C ONSOLE
RATING 100-240 V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 50-60 HZ
D C INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFIED IN MANU ALPOWER SUPPLY+12V@1 7A
STAC K 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100 -240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 5 0-60 H Z
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFI ED IN MANUALPOW ER SUPPLY+12V@17A
STAC K 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100 -240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 5 0-60 H Z
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFI ED IN MANUALPOW ER SUPPLY+12V@17A
STAC K 1STACK 2CONSOLE
RATING 100 -240V ~ 2.3A-1.5A, 5 0-60 H Z
DC INPUTS FOR REMOTESPECIFI ED IN MANUALPOW ER SUPPLY+12V@17A
Telecomm Rooms
Network Switches with Layer 3 Protocols Distributed
Network Disk Recorders
Command Center
Features:
Features:
-Minimal Recording System -Minimal Recording System Dependence on Core Switch Dependence on Core Switch Operation
Operation
-Distributed Network Load-Distributed Network Load
PoE Devices and Power Classes
PD = Powered Device Network Camera
PSE = Power Sourcing Equipment Network Switch
Midspan
Single Channel Power Injector
The 802.3af (PoE) standard allows the PD to request one of three levels or classes of power:
Class 1 - 3W
Class 2 - 7W
Class 3 – 13W
Accommodating Power over Ethernet (PoE)
References and Standards
Always check with the local authority having jurisdiction for any local codes, regulations, standards or licensing requirements
Electronic Safety and Security Design Reference Manual 2nd Edition
Conclusions
