Morphology

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A base morpheme :

A base morpheme :It is the part of a It is the part of a word that has the principal meaningword that has the principal meaning Underline the bases in these words

Underline the bases in these words Woman

Womanly \ly \end end ear \ear \ fail fail ure \ure \ fam famous \ous \infaminfamous \ enous \ enlight light enen What is morphology ?

What is morphology ?

Morph

Morph = form or shape,= form or shape, ologyology = study of Morphology is the study of the basic building blocks of meaning in= study of Morphology is the study of the basic building blocks of meaning in language.

language.

What is a morpheme? What is a morpheme?

A morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. For example, A morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function. For example, The English word

The English word play play(basic element) that stands for its own and other additional elements play(basic element) that stands for its own and other additional elements plays,s,playplayed,ed, play

playing, reing, replay.play.

Morpheme meets three criteria : Morpheme meets three criteria :

1-1- It is a word or a It is a word or a part of a word that has meaningpart of a word that has meaning

2-2- It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts It cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts without violation of its meaning or without violation of its meaning or without meaninglesswithout meaningless reminders

reminders

3-3- It recurs in It recurs in differing verbal environments with a relatively stable meaningdiffering verbal environments with a relatively stable meaning Write a number after each word showing how many morphemes it contains Write a number after each word showing how many morphemes it contains Play

Play = = 1 1 Replay Replay = = 2 2 unable unable = = 2 2 cheaply cheaply = = 22 Man

Man = = 1 1 weak weak = = 1 1 weakness weakness = = 2 2 rainy rainy = = 22 Write the meaning of the italicized morphemes Write the meaning of the italicized morphemes Ante

Antedate = before\date = before\ rereplay = play = again \ again \ manmanly ly = like \ keep = like \ keeper er = one who \ = one who \ununable +able +ininactive +active +imimpossible = not \possible = not \ cheap

cheapestest= most= most

Free morpheme Free morpheme

That is a morpheme is

That is a morpheme isfreefree if it is able to appear as a word by itself. if it is able to appear as a word by itself. (can be uttered with meaning)

(can be uttered with meaning)

Bound morpheme Bound morpheme

It is

It isboundbound if it can only appear as part of a larger, multi-morphemic word.if it can only appear as part of a larger, multi-morphemic word.

(cannot be uttered with meaning) (cannot be uttered with meaning)

Undressed careless Undressed careless Un-

Un- dress dress -ed -ed care care -less -less -ness-ness Prefex

Prefex stem stem suffixsuffix stem stem suffix suffix suffixsuffix Bound

Bound free free bound bound free free bound bound boundbound

Underline the free morphemes Underline the free morphemes

Speaker \ kingdom\ petrodollar\ idolize \ selective. .. . . Speaker \ kingdom\ petrodollar\ idolize \ selective. .. . . Underline the bound morphemes

Underline the bound morphemes Speaker \ kingdom \ petrodollar \

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A base is a linguistic form that meets

A base is a linguistic form that meets one or more of these requirementsone or more of these requirements

1-1- It can occur as an immediate cIt can occur as an immediate constituent of a word whose only other immediate constituent is a prefixonstituent of a word whose only other immediate constituent is a prefix or suffix

or suffix Examples: reactExamples: react – – active active – – fertilize fertilize

2-2- It is an allomorph of a mIt is an allomorph of a morpheme which has another allomorph that is a free formorpheme which has another allomorph that is a free form

3-3- Examples: depth (deep)Examples: depth (deep) – – wolves (wolf) wolves (wolf)

4-4- It is a borrowing from another language in which it is a free form It is a borrowing from another language in which it is a free form or a baseor a base

5-5- Examples: biometricsExamples: biometrics – – microcosm microcosm – – phraseology phraseology Affixes

Affixes An affix

An affixis a bound morpheme that occurs before or within or after a baseis a bound morpheme that occurs before or within or after a base There are three kinds of affixes:

There are three kinds of affixes:prefixesprefixes – – infixes and suffixes infixes and suffixes Prefixes

Prefixes: are those bound morphemes that occur before a base: are those bound morphemes that occur before a base Infixes

Infixes: are bound morphemes that have been inserted within a word: are bound morphemes that have been inserted within a word Suffixes

Suffixes: are bound morphemes that occur after a base: are bound morphemes that occur after a base Examples: Prefix =

Examples: Prefix = ununfuckinbelieveablfuckinbelieveable e \ \ infix infix = = ununfuckinfuckinbelieveable \ suffix = believeable \ suffix = unfuckinbelieunfuckinbelieveveableable

Write the meaning of the prefixes below and write another word containing the same prefix with the same Write the meaning of the prefixes below and write another word containing the same prefix with the same meaning

meaning Anti

Antifreezefreeze – – against against – – antivirus

antivirus Cir

Circumventcumvent – – around around – – circumstances

circumstances Co

Copilotpilot – – with with – – cooperation cooperation Contra

Contradictdict – – against against – – contravene

contravene De

Devitalizevitalize – – do the do the opposite of

opposite of – – deactivate deactivate Dis

Disagreeableagreeable – – not not – – dishonest

dishonest In

Insecuresecure – – not not – – incompetent incompetent

Im

Imperfectperfect – – not not – – impossible

impossible Ir

Irreverentreverent – – not not – – irreplaceable irreplaceable In

Inspirespire – – in,on in,on – – inscribe inscribe Inter

Intervenevene – – between between – – intercede

intercede Intra

Intramuralmural – – within within – – intravenous

intravenous Obs

Obstructtruct – – against or against or opposite

opposite – – obstacle obstacle Pre

Prewarwar – – before before – – preconceive preconceive

Post

Postwarwar – – after after – – postmortem postmortem Pro

Proceedceed – – forward forward – – progress

progress Retro

Retroactiveactive – – backward backward – – retrogress

retrogress Semi

Semiprofessionalprofessional – – half half – – semisoft

semisoft Sub

Subwayway – – under under – – substandard substandard Super

Supernaturalnatural – – over over – – superman

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Write the number of suffixes it contains after each word Write the number of suffixes it contains after each word

Organists = 2 \ personalities = 3 \ flirtatiously = 2 \ atomizers = 3 \ contradictorily = 3 Organists = 2 \ personalities = 3 \ flirtatiously = 2 \ atomizers = 3 \ contradictorily = 3 Inflectional suffixes can be schematized as follows:

Inflectional suffixes can be schematized as follows:

1-1- {-s {-s pl} pl} \ \ dogs dogs , , bushes bushes \ \ noun noun pluralplural

2-2- {-s {-s sg sg ps} ps} \\ boy’sboy’s \ noun singular possessive\ noun singular possessive

3-3- {- s {- s pl pl ps} ps} \\boys’ , men’sboys’ , men’s \ \ noun noun plural poplural possessivessessive

4-4- {- {- 3d} 3d} \ \ runs runs , , catches catches \ \ present present third-person third-person singularsingular

5-5- {-ing {-ing vb} vb} \ \ discussing discussing \ \ present present participleparticiple

6-6- {-d {-d pt} pt} \ \ chewed chewed \ \ past past tensetense

7-7- {-d {-d pp} pp} \ \ chewed, chewed, eaten eaten \ \ past past participleparticiple

8-8- {-er {-er cp} cp} \ \ bolder, bolder, sooner sooner , , nearer \ nearer \ comparativecomparative

9-9- {-er {-er sp} sp} \boldest, \boldest, soonest, soonest, nearest nearest \ \ superlativesuperlative The inflectional suffixes differ from the

The inflectional suffixes differ from the derivational suffixes in the derivational suffixes in the following waysfollowing ways

1-1- They do not change the part of speechThey do not change the part of speech

2-2- They come last in a word when they are presentThey come last in a word when they are present

3-3- They go with all stems of a They go with all stems of a given part of speechgiven part of speech

4-4- They do not pile up; only one ends a wordThey do not pile up; only one ends a word Write the name for each bold inflectional suffix below: Write the name for each bold inflectional suffix below: The flagpole remain

The flagpole remaineded in front of Main Hall = in front of Main Hall = past tensepast tense Four pledge

Four pledgess were initiated = were initiated = noun pluralnoun plural Shirley pledge

Shirley pledgess to do her best = to do her best = 33rdrd person singular person singular The pledge

The pledge’s’s shirt was torn = shirt was torn = noun singular possessivenoun singular possessive The pledge

The pledges’s’ shirts were torn = shirts were torn = noun plural noun plural possessivepossessive We were discuss

We were discussinging the editorial = the editorial = present participle present participle The novel was short

The novel was shorterer than I had expected = than I had expected = comparativecomparative They wait

They waiteded at the dock = at the dock = past tensepast tense Which is the long

Which is the longestest route? = route? = superlative superlative The dealer weigh

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Derivational suffixes characteristics Derivational suffixes characteristics

1-1- The words with whThe words with which derivational suffixes ich derivational suffixes combine is an arbitrary combine is an arbitrary mattermatter

2-2- In many cases but not all a derivIn many cases but not all a derivational suffix changes the part of speech of the word to which it isational suffix changes the part of speech of the word to which it is added

added

3-3- Usually do not close off a wordUsually do not close off a word

Derivational suffixes examples: Derivational suffixes examples: Happi

Happinessness \ friend \ friendshipship \ boy \ boyhoodhood \ activit \ activityy \ imagin \ imaginationation \ ignor \ ignoranceance \ pleas \ pleasureure \ multilingual \ multilingualismism After every word indicate its part of speech classification by N(noun V(verb) Aj(adjective) Av

After every word indicate its part of speech classification by N(noun V(verb) Aj(adjective) Av(adverb)(adverb) Break = N\V * Conspire = V * Ideal = N\Aj * False = Aj * Passion = noun * Sweetly = Av *

Break = N\V * Conspire = V * Ideal = N\Aj * False = Aj * Passion = noun * Sweetly = Av * Singer = N * acceptSinger = N * accept Daily = Aj\N\Av * familiarization = N

Daily = Aj\N\Av * familiarization = N * doubt = N\V* doubt = N\V Add a derivational suffix to each of the

Add a derivational suffix to each of the following words which already end in a derivational suffixfollowing words which already end in a derivational suffix Reasonable = reasonable

Reasonable = reasonablenessness \ formal = formal \ formal = formalityity \ organize = organiz \ organize = organizationation \ purify = purific \ purify = purificationation \ realist = \ realist = realist

realisticic

Add an inflectional suffix to each of the following words which end in derivational suffixes Add an inflectional suffix to each of the following words which end in derivational suffixes Kindness = kindnesse

Kindness = kindnessess \ beautify = beautifi \ beautify = beautifieded \ quarterly = quarterlie \ quarterly = quarterliess \ popularize = populariz \ popularize = popularizeded Depth = depth

Depth = depthss \ pressure = pressure \ pressure = pressuress \ arrival = arrival \ arrival = arrivalss \ friendly = friendli \ friendly = friendlierer \ funny = funni \ funny = funniestest Allomorphs

-Allomorphs -are are the the set set of of morphs morphs - - are are variants ovariants of a f a morpheme morpheme that that differ differ in pin pronunciation ronunciation identicalidentical Examples: the plural

Examples: the plural – –(e)s of regular nouns can be (e)s of regular nouns can be pronounced \-z\, mats \-s\, or papers\-iz\ depending on thepronounced \-z\, mats \-s\, or papers\-iz\ depending on the final sound of the noun’s singular form

final sound of the noun’s singular form Zero allomorph:

Zero allomorph: an inflection on nouns or verbs presumed to be present although invisible an inflection on nouns or verbs presumed to be present although invisible

Examples: in “three sheep” and “he hit a home run” the plural of sheep and the past tense of hit are said to Examples: in “three sheep” and “he hit a home run” the plural of sheep and the past tense of hit are said to be be realized as zeros

realized as zeros Words

Wordsa sound or a letter or a a sound or a letter or a group of both that express particular meaninggroup of both that express particular meaning Simple, complex and compound words:

Simple, complex and compound words:

1-1- Simple wordsSimple words consist of a single morpheme. consist of a single morpheme. Examples: slay, flea, long, spirit, knave, graph, pure, oyster,Examples: slay, flea, long, spirit, knave, graph, pure, oyster, mete

mete

2-2- Complex wordsComplex words contain as their immediate constituents either two bound forms or abound and a free contain as their immediate constituents either two bound forms or abound and a free form.

bi|cycle \ philo|sophy \ dent|tal

3-3- Compound wordsCompound words have free forms usually two as their immediate constituents have free forms usually two as their immediate constituents Examples:

*a small number of compound words have three or four free forms as coordinate ICscoordinate ICs Examples: happ

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Word formation processes Word formation processes Compounding:

Compounding:process used process used in English and it involves combining rooin English and it involves combining roots\two or more words to create newts\two or more words to create new ones known as compound lexemes. E.g.:

ones known as compound lexemes. E.g.: typewriter, hotdog, dining room, handbag, breakfast, typewriter, hotdog, dining room, handbag, breakfast, high school,high school, baby-sitter, mother-in-law

baby-sitter, mother-in-law Derivation:

Derivation:process by which new words are created by adding derivational affixes to simple bases\roots.process by which new words are created by adding derivational affixes to simple bases\roots. E.g.:

E.g.: act+oract+or ac actor \ tor \ act+iveact+iveactive \ king+domactive \ king+dom kingdom kingdom Invention:

Invention:



 One of the least common processes of word formationOne of the least common processes of word formation 

 It involves the invention of totally new wordsIt involves the invention of totally new words 

 It is associated with the names It is associated with the names of inventors, products names or companies namesof inventors, products names or companies names

E.g.

E.g.aspirin, nylon, Kleenex, Kodak, aspirin, nylon, Kleenex, Kodak, FahrenheitFahrenheit Echoism:

Echoism:the formation of words whose sound sthe formation of words whose sound suggests their meaning.uggests their meaning. E.g.: hiss\ hush\

E.g.: hiss\ hush\ click\ thunder\whisper\moan.click\ thunder\whisper\moan. Clipping

Clipping: the process of cutting off the beginning or the end of a word or both, leaving apart t: the process of cutting off the beginning or the end of a word or both, leaving apart t o stand for theo stand for the whole.

whole. Examples: exam\ gym\math\lab\ dorm\ prof\ fan\ gas\ adExamples: exam\ gym\math\lab\ dorm\ prof\ fan\ gas\ ad Acronymy

Acronymy: the process whereby a word is formed from the initial or : the process whereby a word is formed from the initial or beginning segments of a succession ofbeginning segments of a succession of words.

words. E.g.: LAZERE.g.: LAZER Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation NATO

NATO North Atlantic Treaty \ North Atlantic Treaty \ NOWNOW  National Organization of Women \ National Organization of Women \ OKOK Old Kinderhook Old Kinderhook WASP

WASP White, Anglo-Saxon Protestant \ White, Anglo-Saxon Protestant \ IRSIRS Internal Revenue Service Internal Revenue Service Blending

Blending::



 A special form of word formation that involves both compounding and clipping.A special form of word formation that involves both compounding and clipping. 

 It is the fusion of two words into one, the It is the fusion of two words into one, the first part of one word with the last part of another.first part of one word with the last part of another.

E.g

E.g.. brunchbrunch breakfast+lunch \ breakfast+lunch \ SmogSmog Smoke+fog \ Smoke+fog \ motelmotel motor+hotel \ motor+hotel \ telecasttelecast

television+broadcast

television+broadcast happenstancehappenstance happen+circumstance \ happen+circumstance \ stagflationstagflation stagnation+inflation \ stagnation+inflation \ simulcast

simulcast simultaneous+broadcast \ simultaneous+broadcast \ dumbfounddumbfound dumb+confound \ dumb+confound \ telecast telecast tele+broadcast tele+broadcast Back-formation:

Back-formation:



 Avery specified type of reduction process in which a form of one lexical category is Avery specified type of reduction process in which a form of one lexical category is reduced toreduced to

form another. form another.



 When the Verb is formed from the NounWhen the Verb is formed from the Noun

E.g.

E.g. televisetelevise television \ donate television \ donate dona donation tion \ e\ editdit editor \ editor \ housekeephousekeep housekeeper housekeeper administrate

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Inflectional Paradigms Inflectional Paradigms Paradigm:

Paradigm:is a set of related forms is a set of related forms having the same stem but different affixes.having the same stem but different affixes.

The noun paradigm The noun paradigm

Underline the noun modifier or pronoun reference that reveals the number of the bold noun: Underline the noun modifier or pronoun reference that reveals the number of the bold noun:

-- The hunting party saw fewThe hunting party saw few deerdeer this season this season -- ThatThat newsnews delighted her delighted her

-- He studiedHe studied poeticspoetics in all its in all its complicationscomplications -- MyMy scissorsscissors lost their lost their sharpnesssharpness

-- She shot bothShe shot both quailquail on the wing on the wing

Underline the verb that reveals the number of the bold noun: Underline the verb that reveals the number of the bold noun:

-- TheThe ChineseChinese was preparing the dinner was preparing the dinner -- TheThe ChineseChinese were preparing the dinner were preparing the dinner -- OatsOats is his best crop is his best crop

-- TheThe bassbass are biting today are biting today

-- TheThe speciesspecies has become extinct has become extinct Stem

Stem Plural Plural PossessivePossessive Plural +Plural + Possessive Possessive --- --- {s-pl} {s-pl} {-s {-s ps}ps} {-s pl{-s pl ps} ps} Doctor doctors

Doctor doctors doctor’sdoctor’s doctors’doctors’

Woman women

Woman women woman’swoman’s women’swomen’s

Carpenter Carpenters

Carpenter Carpenters Carpenter’sCarpenter’s

Carpenters’ Carpenters’

Brother Brothers

Brother Brothers Brother’sBrother’s Brothers’Brothers’

Japanese

Japanese Japanese Japanese --- --- ---

---Cattle

Cattle Cattle Cattle --- Cattle’sCattle’s

Athletics athletics

Athletics athletics Athletics’Athletics’ ---

---Duck Ducks

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Indicate by Sg or Pl whether the bold collective nouns are singular or

Indicate by Sg or Pl whether the bold collective nouns are singular or plural:plural: -- TheThe bandband is playing well today is playing well today Sg Sg

-- TheThe bandband are playing well today are playing well today Pl Pl

-- TheThe choirchoir became dissatisfied with their robes became dissatisfied with their robes  Pl Pl -- TheThe choirchoir became dissatisfied with its singing became dissatisfied with its singing  Sg Sg

-- TheThe staff staff of the college paper was of the college paper was a high-quality groupa high-quality group Pl Pl -- TheThe tribetribe were on the warpath were on the warpath Pl Pl

-- TheThe tribetribe was the owner fo the river bottom was the owner fo the river bottom Sg Sg -- TheThe congregationcongregation rose to its feet rose to its feet Sg Sg

-- TheThe congregationcongregation have all helped with the have all helped with the fund-raising drivefund-raising drive Pl Pl

The verb paradigm The verb paradigm

*Verbs have three, four, or five forms for example

*Verbs have three, four, or five forms for example the verb learn have four formsthe verb learn have four forms Each of these five forms has its

Each of these five forms has its own uses:own uses:

1-1- The stem: occurs after to, after auxiliaries such as can and willThe stem: occurs after to, after auxiliaries such as can and will Examples: to sit \ can go \ we eat

Examples: to sit \ can go \ we eat

2-2- The present third-person singular: is the form used with the pronouns he, she itThe present third-person singular: is the form used with the pronouns he, she it Examples: - he cuts his

Examples: - he cuts his class every Wednesday \ that freshman cuts his class every class every Wednesday \ that freshman cuts his class every WednesdayWednesday

3-3- The present participle: combines with seven of the eight forms... am\ is The present participle: combines with seven of the eight forms... am\ is \ are\ was \ were\ be \ \ are\ was \ were\ be \ beenbeen Examples: they were writing letters

Examples: they were writing letters \ she must have been sleeping\ she must have been sleeping Stem

Stem PresentPresent Third-Person Person Singular Singular Present Present Participle Participle Past Past Tense Tense Past Past Participle Participle --- --- {s {s 3d} 3d} {-ING {-ING vb} vb} {-D {-D pt} pt} {-D {-D pp}pp} Show

Show Shows Shows Showing Showing ShowedShowed ShowedShowed also shown also shown Ring

Ring Rings Rings Ringing Ringing Rang Rang RungRung Cut

Cut cuts cuts Cutting Cutting Cut Cut cutcut Learn

Learn Learns Learns Learning Learning Learned Learned LearnedLearned Choose

Choose Chooses Chooses Choosing Choosing Chose Chose ChosenChosen Set

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4-4- The past tense takes on numerous formsThe past tense takes on numerous forms

Examples: jumped\ shrunk\ kept\ led \began\ rode\ built\ found\ knew\ swore \ shook Examples: jumped\ shrunk\ kept\ led \began\ rode\ built\ found\ knew\ swore \ shook

5-5- The past participle is used with have, has, hadThe past participle is used with have, has, had Examples: she has selected a stunning gown

Examples: she has selected a stunning gown \ he had never flown \ he had never flown in a helicopterin a helicopter

Write down the following verb paradigms and indicate how many forms they have Write down the following verb paradigms and indicate how many forms they have

-- WalkWalk  walks walks walking walking walked walked walked [4] walked [4] -- BiteBite bites bites biting biting bit bit bit or bitten [4 or 5 bit or bitten [4 or 5 ]] -- KeepKeep keeps keeps keeping keeping kept kept kept [4] kept [4]

-- FreezeFreeze freezes freezes freezing freezing  froze froze frozen [5] frozen [5] -- SetSet sets sets setting setting set set set [3] set [3]

-- SellSell sells sells selling selling sold sold sold [4] sold [4] -- PutPut puts puts putting putting put put put [3] put [3]

-- SleepSleep sleeps sleeps sleeping sleeping slept slept slept [4] slept [4] The comparable Paradigm

The comparable Paradigm Stem

Stem Comparative Comparative SuperlativeSuperlative

--{ER

{ER cp} cp} {EST {EST sp}sp}

Deadly

Deadly Deadlier Deadlier DeadliestDeadliest

sweet

sweet Sweeter Sweeter SweetestSweetest Friendly

Friendly Friendlier Friendlier FriendliestFriendliest Soon

Soon Sooner Sooner SoonestSoonest

Write down the comparative and superlative forms for the following stems Write down the comparative and superlative forms for the following stems Angry

Angry angrier angrier angriest \ healthy angriest \ healthy healthier healthier healthiest healthiest Common

Common commoner commoner commonest \ quiet commonest \ quiet quieter quieter quietest quietest Stupid

Stupid stupider stupider stupidest \ foolish stupidest \ foolish  x x x \ cruel x \ cruel x x cruelest cruelest Well

Well better better best \ bad best \ bad worse worse worst \ much, many worst \ much, many more more most most Old

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Noun

Noun: is the name of : is the name of a thing that may be seen, felt, heard or understanda thing that may be seen, felt, heard or understand Verb

Verb: is a word that s: is a word that s hows action or state of beinghows action or state of being Adjective

Adjective: is a word that modifies a : is a word that modifies a nounnoun Adverb

Adverb: defined as a word that modifies a v: defined as a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverberb, adjective, or another adverb

Underline the nouns in the

Underline the nouns in the following sentences:following sentences: -- Our president has a new planOur president has a new plan

-- The janitors had not The janitors had not seen the umbrellaseen the umbrella -- The counselor may plan a different The counselor may plan a different approachapproach -- My aunt always mothers her youngest sonMy aunt always mothers her youngest son -- TheThechef’schef’s sisters arrived sisters arrived

Indicate how many of the five forms the bold verbs has Indicate how many of the five forms the bold verbs has -- The presidentThe president metmet the leaders of the parade [4] the leaders of the parade [4] -- The mines had beenThe mines had been sweptswept away [4] away [4]

-- The bridge players would notThe bridge players would not leaveleave th the table e table [4][4] -- The water isThe water is spreadingspreading into the meadow [3] into the meadow [3] -- The canary might have beenThe canary might have been eateneaten by the cat [5] by the cat [5] -- JuneJune setset the table [3] the table [3]

Write down the source noun, verb, adjective, or bound form of the adjectives below Write down the source noun, verb, adjective, or bound form of the adjectives below Golden

Golden gold \ gold \ helplesshelpless help \ lovely help \ lovely love \ peaceful love \ peacefulpeace …peace … Classify the bold words whether its adverb or adjective

Classify the bold words whether its adverb or adjective -- Your ideas seem Your ideas seem sensiblesensible  Aj Aj

-- They are playing happilyThey are playing happily Av Av

-- He turned the hands clockwiseHe turned the hands clockwise  Av Av -- Be carefulBe careful  Aj Aj

-- Have you seen the paper Have you seen the paper lately?lately? AvAv -- It’s fragile. Lift itIt’s fragile. Lift it easylikeeasylike Av Av

-- She walked homewardShe walked homeward Av Av -- Luckily, the brake was setLuckily, the brake was set Av Av

-- The student’s reports wereThe student’s reports werecreativecreative Aj Aj -- Her report was very Her report was very specificspecific Aj Aj

-- You richly deserve the prizeYou richly deserve the prize  Av Av -- Annie is a waitress Annie is a waitress eveningsevenings Av Av