Growth and Division Notes 2013.pdf

(1)

(2)

The Rise of Nationalism

• After beating England for the

SECOND

time in the

WAR OF 1812

we are feeling

pretty darn good about ourselves and

usher in the Era of Good Feelings.

– One political party (Federalist Party died out) – Increase prestige

– Rise of Nationalism… we are the UNITED States of America and we are ALL

(3)

Nation

alism

Loyalty, love, devotion to your

NATION

!

(4)

(5)

As we grow as a nation…

(6)

Nationalism vs. Sectionalism

• A belief that national interests should be placed ahead of

regional concerns and that foreign policy

should be guided by national self-interest.

• The placing of one’s own region (section) ahead of the interests of the nation as a

whole.

(7)

North vs. South

• Growth of northern

industry due to the early industrial revolution

• Growth of cities

• Transportation revolution • Immigration

• Plantation economy • Cotton becomes

“king”

• Slave labor

(8)

North

=

(9)

Industrial Revolution

• PROTECTive Tariff: Tax on imported goods;

Meant to PROTECT American manufacturing by increasing the cost of imported goods

• Factory System: Replaced home-based

workshops; Faster, more efficient production • Interchangeable parts = manufacturing shifts

(10)

Rise of Cities

• Urbanization – growth of cities due to movement of people from rural areas to cities

• Advantage: opportunities for different occupations

• Disadvantages: dirty, crowded, disease, fire, crime, lack of local government = future corruption under political machines

“One finds in the streets [of New York] dead cats and dogs, which make the air very bad; dust and ashes thrown out into the streets, which are swept perhaps once every [two weeks].”

(11)

(12)

Transportation Revolution

Canals

Travel During the Erie Canal Era Dirt Road (freight) Canal (freight) Method Wagon 8 Horses Line Boat 2 Mules Amount of Time 15-45 Days 9 Days

(13)

(14)

(15)

“PUSH” factors

• P

ersecution/forced military service

• U

nemployment at home/Economic trouble

• S

ocial mobility

(16)

“PULL” Factors

• P

lenty of jobs

• U

nrestricted immigration

• L

and

(17)

The Two Sides of Immigration

• Stimulate economic growth

– Greater demand on goods/services

– Cheap labor

• Nativism: Native-born Americans resented immigrants

– Take away jobs

– Drive down everyone’s wages by accepting lower pay

– Ethnic, religious, racial differences – Blamed them for increasing crime,

unemployment, and other problems

• Called for restrictions on immigration

(18)

South

=

(19)

(20)

(21)

Industrial Revolution

• A massive change in social and economic

organization resulting from the

replacement of hand tools by machines

and the development of large-scale

(22)

How did it contribute to…

• United States

developed the ability to produce goods

domestically.

• The NORTH became more industrialized = less demand for slaves • The SOUTH had more

of a focus on

agriculture than ever before = more demand for slaves

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(23)

The American System

• Henry Clay

• A plan to unify the nation, which included:

– Establishing a protective tariff – Resurrecting the national bank

– Sponsoring the development of transportation systems as well as other internal

(24)

How did it contribute to…

• United the nation’s

economic interests and improve the transportation network.

• Nationally accepted

currency would facilitate exchange of goods

• US less dependent on

Britain and other European nations.

• The NORTH would

produce manufactured goods that the south and west would buy.

• The SOUTH and WEST would raise the grain, livestock, cotton

needed in the north.

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(25)

Protective Tariffs

(26)

How did it contribute to…

• Protected

manufacturing allowing Americans to compete globally

• Made imported goods MORE expensive for the SOUTH

• South (John C. Calhoun – South Carolina) tries to NULLIFY Tariff of

Abominations (1828)

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(27)

National Bank

(28)

How did it contribute to…

• Provided money for industrialization;

facilitated exchange of goods

• SOUTH saw it as a “monster” and symbol of the wealthy;

preferred local/state banks who would be more responsive to the Southern needs

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(29)

(30)

How did it contribute to…

• Connected the nation • Transportation systems were more developed in the north than the south

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(31)

The Cotton Gin

(32)

How did it contribute to…

• Improved the process of cleaning cotton =

ability to produce more cotton to import to the north for manufacturing cloth = increased

productivity in the US.

• Farmers bought more land to produce more cotton in the SOUTH = increased demand for more slaves.

• Northerners begin to view slavery as morally wrong.

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(33)

Exit Slip

On a separate sheet of paper, put your

name at the top and respond to the following

question:

Pick one thing we talked about today and

explain how it led to GROWTH and

DIVISION.

(34)

(35)

(36)

Manifest Destiny

(37)

The Original

Thirteen

Colonies

• Settled by the English

• Independence won through the American

Revolution

• Differing geographic regions gave rise to

different economic systems… the

(38)

The Northwest

Ordinance

(1787)

• Temporary forbidden by the Proclamation of 1763

• Contained provisions for the advancement of education, the maintenance of civil liberties and the exclusion of slavery

(39)

Florida

• Spanish territory

• Controversy: West Florida declares

independence from Spain; Seminole attacks and runaway slaves

• John Q. Adams takes advantage of Andrew

(40)

The Louisiana

Purchase

(1803)

• Challenged Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution… justified with presidential power to make treaties

• More than doubled size of US

• Control port of New Orleans = control trade up and down the Mississippi River

(41)

The Oregon

Territory

• Originally Spain, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States claimed the territory

• The border of the Oregon Territory unsettled between the US and Great Britain

• 1843 marked increased American immigration on the Oregon Trail to the Territory

(42)

California

• Free state or slave state?

• Settled by Compromise of 1850

– CA becomes a FREE state

(43)

Texas

• Texas declares independence from Mexico and requested annexation by the US

• Refused: did not want to start war with Mexico; Texas as a slave state

(44)

Mexican

Cession

• Disputes over southern border of Texas resulted in the Mexican-American war

• War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, granting the US

approximately 525,000 square miles

(45)

(46)

Gadsden

Purchase

(1854)

• An agreement between the United States and Mexico

• Provided the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to

resolve conflicts that lingered after the Mexican-American War

(47)

How did it contribute to…

• Represents growth of nation; quest to fulfill manifest destiny

• Multi-million dollar question: FREE vs. SLAVE

NATIONALISM

(Growth)

(48)

Exit Slip

On a separate sheet of paper, put your

name at the top and respond to the following

question:

Pick one thing we talked about today and

explain how it led to GROWTH and

DIVISION.

(49)

(3) POLITICAL

(50)

Foreign Affairs and Nationalism

• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

– US and Great Britain

– Naval disarmament on Great Lakes – Settle border between Canada and US

• Convention of 1818

– Settle boundary of US and Canada at the 49th

parallel

(51)

Foreign Affairs and Nationalism

• Florida (1819)

– Problems: owned by Spain, harboring slaves, raids on southern border of Georgia

– Andrew Jackson: called to restore order but crosses border to overthrow Spanish

government

(52)

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• Warned all Europeans that American continents (western hemisphere) were “henceforth not to be considered for future colonization”

• Asserted US on the world stage despite not

having the armed forces to back up the

doctrine

• Protected American interests

(53)

(3) POLITICAL

(54)

The Supreme Court and

Nationalism

• Strengthen power of the Federal

Government

– Marbury v. Madison (judicial review)

– Gibbons v. Ogden (federal supremacy)

(55)

Marbury v. Madison

• Establishes power of

judicial review

(56)

Gibbons v. Ogden

(57)

McCulloch v. Maryland

(58)

Missouri Compromise

• 1820

• A series of laws enacted to maintain the

balance of power between free states and

slave states (Senate)

– Maine was admitted as a free state; Missouri was admitted as a slave state

– The rest of the Louisiana Territory was split at the 36 30’ north latitude: North of the line

(59)

(60)

How did it contribute to…

• Another state was added and the

compromise preserved the unity in the US

• Conflict revealed how divided the North and the South were over the issue of slavery • The DIVIDING LINE