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Global E-Governance Series

Volume 4

Recently published in this series

Vol. 3. T. Obi (Ed.), The Innovative CIO and e-Participation in e-Government Initiatives Vol. 2. J. Tubtimhin and R. Pipe (Eds.), Global e-Governance – Advancing e-Governance

Through Innovation and Leadership

Vol. 1. T. Obi (Ed.), E-Governance – A Global Perspective on a New Paradigm

ADVISORY BOARD Pairash Thajchayapong, Advisor to the

Board (Bangkok, Thailand) Toshio Obi, Chairman of the Board, President-elect IAC (Toyko, Japan) Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko, Tampere University (Tampere, Finland)

Nagy Hanna, World Bank Advisor (Washington D.C., USA)

Yuri Fedotov, St. Petersburg University (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Frank Yu-Hsieh Sung, Research Commission (Taipei, Taiwan)

Fengchun Yang, Beijing University (Beijing, China)

Seang-Tae Kim, National Information Society Agency (Seoul, Korea)

Motoo Kusakabe, Director Open City Portal (London, UK)

Jean Pierre Auffret, George Mason University (Washington D.C., USA) Matthias Finger, Swiss Federal Institute (Lausanne, Switzerland)

Francisco Magno, Le Salle University (Manila, Philippines)

Tran Minh Tien, ICT Advisor (Ha noi, Vietnam)

Suhono Harso Supangkat, Bandung Institute of Technology (Jakarta, Indonesia) Martin Santana, Esan University (Lima, Peru)

Keiko Kiyohara, Mitaka City (Mitaka, Japan)

Randeep Sudan, Global ICT Department, World Bank (Washington D.C., USA) Jirapon Tubtimhin, IAC (Bangkok, Thailand) Russell Pipe, Editor, I-Ways Journal (Bangkok, Thailand)

Thomasz Janowski, United National University (Macao)

John M. Eger, San Diego State University (California, USA)

Bruno Lanvin, Director, INSEAD eLab (Switzerland)

Robert Schware, Academy for Educational Development (Washington, USA)

ISSN 1874-8511 (print) ISSN 1879-8381 (online)

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E-Governance, A Global Journey

Edited by

Matthias Finger

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland

and

Fouzia Nasreen Sultana

Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

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© 2012 The authors and IOS Press.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher.

ISBN 978-1-61499-116-8 (print) ISBN 978-1-61499-117-5 (online)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012946287

Publisher IOS Press BV Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam Netherlands fax: +31 20 687 0019 e-mail: [email protected]

Distributor in the USA and Canada IOS Press, Inc.

4502 Rachael Manor Drive Fairfax, VA 22032 USA

fax: +1 703 323 3668

e-mail: [email protected]

LEGAL NOTICE

The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.

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Editors

Matthias FINGER

Matthias holds the Chair of Management of Network Industries at the École Polytech-nique Fédérale in Lausanne, Switzerland. Since 2010 he is also a part-time Professor at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, where he directs the Florence School of Regulation’s Transport Area.

Fouzia N. SULTANA

Fouzia is currently a PhD scholar at The Australian National University (ANU). She has a Master’s degree in Political Science from University of Chittagong, Bangladesh and another Master’s degree in Public Policy from LKY School of Public Policy, Na-tional University, Singapore. She is a Faculty Member at the Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD), Bangladesh (now on study leave). She has 14 years of experience in training as trainer and training designer, research and social experimenta-tion (particularly on e-governance in Local Government).

Contributors

Mohammed Sherif AZIZ

Sherif is Advisor (Strategic Planning) at the Public Establishment for Industrial Estates, Oman. He holds a PhD in industrial development, a Post-graduation in industrial engi-neering and an Executive Master’s in E-governance.

Monis AZIZ

Monis is engaged as the Delivery Project Executive with IBM India. He manages the France sector in the India Global Delivery Center. Monis has a Bachelor of Technology Degree in Computer Science from Thomson Rivers University, Canada and an Execu-tive Master’s in e-Governance from EPFL, Switzerland.

Erika BAGAMBIKI

Erika is currently working as Manager IT liaison at the National Bank of Rwanda. In 2005 she obtained a Bachelor of Business Administration from the Adventist Universi-ty of Central Africa with a Major on Information Management (with distinction). She also graduated from EPFL’s Executive Master in e-governance in 2011.

Agnieszka DEC

Agnieszka Dec works as a Senior Consultant and Project Manager in Sofrecom Pol-and – consulting company, member of the France Telecom – Orange Group. She grad-uated from Warsaw School of Economics and holds two Master’s diplomas: in Public Management and in International Relations.

Konstantinos GAKIS

Konstantinos Gakis has studied mechanical engineering and holds a PhD in Operations Research from the University of Florida and an Executive Master in e-Governance from EPFL. He has gained experience from the banking sector and now works as an

E-Governance, A Global Journey M. Finger and F.N. Sultana (Eds.) IOS Press, 2012

© 2012 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

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independent management and development consultant primarily for the public sector focusing on organization, technology and financing strategy.

Jacques GAMBONI

Jacques is presently president of the board of the telecom operator company he created in 1998. He received is Electrical Engineering degree (HES) from the Engineering School of Geneva in 1970. He started a 32 year long career in the telecommunication industry in 1974 at the Swiss PTT. He received his EPFL Executive Master in e-Governance in 2007.

Sarah KAGODA

Sarah is a Principal Librarian and Head of the Information Resource Centre at the East African Community Secretariat, Arusha Tanzania. She holds an Executive Master’s Degree in e-Governance, from the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; has a Master’s in Information Science from the University of Wales, U.K; BA in Economics and Social Administration from Makerere University. She coordinated the development the East African Community Regional e-Government Framework and the Regional Framework on Cyber law.

Gianluca MISURACA

Gianluca is a Senior Scientist at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC-IPTS). Prior to that, from Sep-tember 2005 to August 2007, he was the Managing Director of the Executive Master in e-Governance at EPFL. His background is economics with focus on the interface be-tween ICTs and public administration. He holds a Diploma of Specialisation in EU Economics and Law and an Executive Master in e-Governance from EPFL (first edi-tion 2004–2005). Currently he is finalising his Phd in Management of Technology at EPFL.

Isabel NSHIMBI

Isabel currently works as IT Officer with an African regional economic community based in Zambia. She holds a Bachelors degree in Computer Science from Richmond College and an Executive Master in e-Governance from EPFL.

Serdar ORAZBAYEV

Serdar is currently working as National Consultant UNDP project in Turkmenistan. He graduated from EPFL’s Executive Master in e-Governance in 2009.

Pierre ROSSEL

Pierre Rossel is a Senior Scientific Fellow at the College of Management of Technolo-gy, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, where he teaches on “Early detection of innovation potential” and “Technology foresight”, eGovernment being one of his re-search domains.

Vivek RANA

Vivek is currently working for Concern US Inc. as the IT Enterprise Services officer in New York, US. Vivek has a Bachelor Degree in Electrical engineering, a MBA in Cor-porate Finance and an Executive Master in e-Governance. Prior to working in New York he was working as the Regional ICT advisor in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

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Contents

Editors and Contributors v

Introduction: e-Governance, a Global Journey 1

Matthias Finger and Fouzia Nasreen Sultana

Section I. E-Governance Visions

The Impact of Inclusive e-Government Applications 11

Isabel Nshimbi

The Role of ICT in Social and Economic Development of Turkmenistan 23 Serdar Orazbayev

Section II. Local E-Governance

Understanding IT Literacy in the Context of the Arab Region: A Study

in Oman 39

M. Sherif Aziz

E-Tourism: A Catalyst for Promoting the East African Community as

Competitive Tourist Destination 55

Sarah Kagoda-Batuwa

E-Reconciliation in Rwanda 74

Erika Bagambiki

Section III. Transversal Issues

Implementing ICT for Governance in Fragile States – A Case Study

of Afghanistan 93

Monis Aziz

Work Organization and e-Governance 107

Konstantinos Gakis

Escaping Patchwork Adoption of ICTs in Developing Countries 120

Agnieszka Dec

Enterprise Architecture Startup Model for Successful eGovernment for

Post Conflict Countries 138

Vivek S. Rana

Section IV. Future Issues

Internet Access Commons 167

Jacques Gamboni

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e-Governance: Past, Present and Future: A Theoretical Framework for

Prospective Policy Analysis 185

Gianluca Misuraca

Time to Gear Up for a Second Generation of eGOV Foresight 200

Pierre Rossel

Next Steps in e-Governance: Peoples’ e-Participation 221

Fouzia N. Sultana and Matthias Finger

Author Index 227

References

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