• No results found

Forecasting the Icelandic business cycle using vector autoregressive models

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Forecasting the Icelandic business cycle using vector autoregressive models"

Copied!
25
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

CENTRAL BANK OF ICELAND WORKING PAPERS No. 36

Forecasting the Icelandic business cycle

using vector autoregressive models

by

Bruno Eklund

September 2007

CENTRAL BANK OF ICELAND Economics Department

(2)

Central Bank of Iceland Working Papers are published by the Economics Department of the Central Bank of Iceland. The views expressed in them are those of their authors and not necessarily the views of the Central Bank of Iceland.

Also available on the Central Bank of Iceland World Wide Web site (http://www.sedlabanki.is) All rights reserved. May be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated.

(3)

=@31/AB7<5 B63 13:/<271 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 CA7<5

D31B=@ /CB=@35@3AA7D3 ;=23:A

@C<= 9:C<2

3<B@/: /<9 =4 13:/<2

'(&(

*67A >/>3@ 1=<A723@A B63 ;=23::7<5 /<2 4=@31/AB7<5 =4 B63 13:/<271 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 *63 ;3B6=2 =4 A3:31B7<5 ;=<B6:G D/@7/0:3A 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 B6/B ;7;71 B63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=@ =4 B63 ?C/@B3@:G & 7A 23A1@7032 *63 53<3@/: 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 7A B63< ;=23::32 0G / D31B=@ /CB=@35@3AA7D3 ,( ;=23: *63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=@ =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 7A AC;;/@7H32 0G / 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F E6716 7A 0/A32 =< B63 @==B ;3/< A?C/@32 4=@31/AB 3@@=@ =D3@ / >A3C2= =CB =4 A/;>:3 G />>:G7<5 / 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 >@=132C@3 CA7<5 B63 3AB7;/B32 ,( ;=23: >=7<B /<2 7<B3@D/: 4=@31/ABA =4 B63 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F /@3 3AB7;/B32

-+$&' "3/27<5 7<271/B=@ ,( ;=23: ==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 =;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F

$'

@C<= 9:C<2 1=<=;71A 3>/@B;3<B 3<B@/: /<9 =4 13:/<2 !/:9=4<AD35C@ ) (3G98/D79 13:/<2 @C<=9:C<2)32:/0/<977A

(4)

#(&$)( $#

/@:G 7<4=@;/B7=< =< 6=E B63 AB/B3 =4 B63 31=<=;G =@ B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 7A 3D=:D7<5 =D3@ B7;3 7A =4 93G 7<B3@3AB B= 13<B@/: 0/<9A =B63@ 0CA7<3AA 7<AB7BCB3A /<2 ;/@93B /53<BA B 7A B63@34=@3 <= AC@>@7A3 B6/B B63 :7B3@/BC@3 =< ;3B6=2A 4=@ 3FB@/1B7<5 7<4=@;/B7=< 4@=; D/@7=CA 31=<=;71 D/@7/0:3A /<2 4=@31/AB7<5 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 6/A 5@=E< 1=<A723@/0:G 7< @313<B G3/@A < B63 3/@:G E=@9 0G C@<A /<2 #7B163:: B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 E/A 23I<32 /A @3>@3A3<B7<5 1=;=D3;3<BA 7< / 0@=/2 A3B =4 ;/1@=31=<=;71 D/@7/0:3A *637@ <=<;=23: 0/A32 />>@=/16 />>:732 0G B63 $( 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 2/B7<5 1=;;7BB33 E/A :/B3@ 4=@;/:7A32 CA7<5 ;=23@< 31=<=;3B@71 B316<7?C3A 7< /< 7;>=@B/<B ABC2G 0G )B=19 /<2 -/BA=< 4B3@ B67A 4C@B63@ 23D3:=>;3<B 6/A 033< @/>72 /<2 7< >/@B71C:/@ ;3B6=2A 1=<13@<7<5 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 6/D3 /BB@/1B32 1=< A723@/0:3 /BB3<B7=< $C;3@=CA B316<7?C3A 3F7AB B=2/G 4=@ B63 A3:31B7=< /<2 3D/:C/B7=< =4 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 D/@7/0:3A /<2 4=@ 23A1@707<5 B63 @3 :/B7=<A67> 03BE33< B63A3 D/@7/0:3A /<2 B63 53<3@/: 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 CA7<5 /< 7<1@3/A7<5 <C;03@ =4 AB/B7AB71/: ;=23:A #/@13::7<= 1=<B/7<A /< 3F B3<A7D3 AC@D3G =< ;3B6=2A 4=@ A3:31B7<5 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 D/@7/0:3A /<2 4=@ B63 ;=23::7<5 =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3

*67A >/>3@ E7:: 23A1@703 / A7;>:3 ;3B6=2 4=@ A3:31B7<5 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 0/A32 =< B63 1=@@3:/B7=< AB@C1BC@3 03BE33< B63 D/@7 /0:3A /<2 B63 G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 =4 & >>:732 =< B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G B63 A3:31B7=< ;3B6=2 723<B7I3A / <C;03@ =4 >=B3<B7/: 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 4@=; / :/@53 A3B =4 ;/1@=31=<=;71 /<2 I</<17/: B7;3 A3@73A B6/B /@3 /D/7:/0:3 =< / ;=<B6:G 0/A7A D31B=@ /CB=@35@3AA7D3 ,( ;=23: 7A B63< A>317I32 E6716 >@=D723A =<3 =4 B63 A7;>:3AB ;=23: 0/A32 4@/;3E=@9 4=@ C<23@AB/<27<5 B63 @3:/B7=<A67> 03BE33< 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 D/@7/0:3A /<2 4=@ B63 1=<AB@C1B7=< =4 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F3A *63 ,( ;=23: 7A 3AB7;/B32 CA7<5 53<3@/:7H32 :3/AB A?C/@3A /<2 / 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F

7A 1=<AB@C1B32 0/A32 =< B63 7<D3@A3 =4 B63 @==B ;3/< A?C/@32 4=@31/AB 3@@=@ =D3@ / >A3C2= =CB =4 A/;>:3 &=7<B 4=@31/ABA /<2 1=<I23<13 7<B3@D/:A =4 B63/@3 3AB7;/B32 CA7<5 / 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 1=;;=< >@=0:3; =4 ,( ;=23:A 7A =4B3< B63 :/@53 <C;03@ =4 >/@/;3B3@A B= 3AB7;/B3 >@3D3<B7<5 B63 /</:GA7A =4 :/@53 2/B/ A3BA %B63@ ;3B6=2A 3F7AB B6/B 1/< =D3@1=;3 B67A >@=0:3; AC16 /A /G3A7/< B316<7?C3A /<2 4/1B=@ ;=23:A $3D 3@B63:3AA B63 A7;>:717BG =4 B63 ;=23::7<5 /<2 4=@31/AB7<5 >@=132C@3 =4 B63 ,( ;=23: ;/93A 7B / 5==2 1/<272/B3 23A1@707<5 B63 @3:/B7=<A67> 03BE33< B63 D/@7/0:3A /<2 4=@ 4=@31/AB7<5 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3

< @313<B G3/@A B63 13:/<271 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 6/A 033< ABC2732 =< / 43E =11/A7=<A < &QBC@AA=< B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 2G</;71A E3@3 ;=2 3::32 CA7<5 G3/@:G & /<2 / C<7D/@7/B3 #/@9=D AE7B167<5 ;=23: 9:C<2

(5)

0/A32 B63 ;=23::7<5 >@=132C@3 =< B63 1:/AA71 )B=19 /<2 -/BA=< ;3B6=2=:=5G CA7<5 ;=<B6:G 2/B/ /<2 A>317I32 / ;=23: 7< AB/B3 A>/13 4=@; /<2 >@=D7232 >@=0/07:7B73A 4=@ @313AA7=< /<2 3F>/<A7=< =D3@ / BE3:D3 ;=<B6A 4=@31/AB 6=@7H=< *63 ;/7< >@=>3@B73A =4 B63 13:/<271 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 6/D3 /:A= 033< /</:GA32 7< /<R3:AA=< 3B /: CA7<5 / ;/1@=31=<=;71 ;=23: 4=@ ?C/@B3@:G 2/B/

*63 @3;/7<23@ =4 B63 >/>3@ 7A =@5/<7H32 /A 4=::=EA )31B7=< 27A1CAA3A B63 ;3B6=2 =4 A3:31B7<5 >=B3<B7/: 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A *63 ,( ;=23: 7A 23A1@7032 7< )31B7=< E67:3 )31B7=< >@3A3<BA B63 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 )31B7=< />>:73A B63 ;3B6=2A /<2 B316<7?C3A =CB:7<32 7< >@3D7=CA A31B7=<A =< B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G 7</: 1=<1:CA7=<A 1/< 03 4=C<2 7< )31B7=<

!( $# $ $ # #( # ! # *& !'

13:/<271 & 1=C:2 >@=D723 / @3:7/0:3 AC;;/@G =4 B63 1C@@3<B AB/B3 =4 B63 31=<=;G 74 7B E3@3 /D/7:/0:3 =< / ;=<B6:G 0/A7A /<2 2=3A <=B B3<2 B= 03 @3D7A32 63/D7:G )7<13 13:/<271 & 7A =<:G ;3/AC@32 =< / ?C/@B3@:G 0/A7A 7B 1/< =<:G 03 CA32 7<27@31B:G 7< B63 ;=23::7<5 >@=13AA /<272/B3 D/@7/0:3A ;7;7197<5 B63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=C@ =4 & /<2 /D/7:/0:3 =< / ;=<B6:G 0/A7A /@3 7<AB3/2 A3:31B32 /<2 1:/AA7I32 /A 1=7<1723<B :/557<5 =@ :3/27<5 <G =4 B63 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A 1/< 03 CA32 /A / >@=FG 4=@ & 0CB CAC/::G / A7<5:3 1=7<1723<B 31=<=;71 7<23F 7A 4=@;32 B= @3>@3A3<B B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 2G</;71A )3D3@/: ;3B6=2A 0=B6 7< ;=23: /<2 <=<;=23: 0/A32 4@/;3E=@9A 3F7AB B=2/G 4=@ AC16 / 1=<AB@C1B7=<

*63 A3:31B7=< =4 D/@7/0:3A 1/< BG>71/::G 03 >3@4=@;32 0G /</:GA7<5 B63 1=@@3:/B7=< AB@C1BC@3 03BE33< & /<2 B63 1/<272/B3 D/@7/0:3 B/93< 4@=; / :7AB =4 ;/1@=31=<=;71 D/@7/0:3A %@757</B7<5 4@=; /<G >=AA70:3 A=C@13 /D/7: /0:3 1/<272/B3 D/@7/0:3A 6/D7<5 / 6756 1=@@3:/B7=< E7B6 B63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=C@ =4 & /@3 =4 7<B3@3AB %B63@ <C;3@=CA 1@7B3@7/ 4=@ A3:31B7<5 D/@7/0:3A 1/< 03 1=<A723@32 AC16 /A 1=<A7AB3<B B7;7<5 1=<4=@;7BG B= B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 31=<=;71 A75<7I1/<13 /<2 ;=@3 /A 23I<32 7< B63 ;=@3 4=@;/:7H32 A1=@7<5 AGAB3; 2C3 B= B63 =4B3< ?C=B32 #==@3 /<2 )67A97< ,/@7/0:3A 1/< /:A= 03 16=A3< =< B63 0/A7A =4 A>31B@/: 1=63@3<13 =@ B63 :3/2 B7;3 7< BC@<7<5 >=7<BA 0CB B63A3 ;3B6=2A /@3 <=B 1=<A723@32 7< B67A >/>3@

4 B63 3AB7;/B32 1=@@3:/B7=< 03BE33< / D/@7/0:3 ) /<2 & 7A 6756 /B A=;3 :/5 # B63< ) 7A A/72 B= 03 / >=B3<B7/: :3/27<5 7<271/B=@ 74 # / >=B3<B7/: 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3 74# =@ :/557<5 74 # @3A>31B7D3:G )7<13 :/557<5 D/@7/0:3A 2= <=B 1=<B/7< /<G 3/@:G 7<4=@;/B7=< =4 B63 >@3A3<B =@ B63 4CBC@3 31=<=;71 AB/B3 B63G 1/< 03 3F1:C232 4@=; B63 /</:GA7A *63 1G1:71/:

(6)

036/D7=C@ =4 / :3/27<5 7<271/B=@ B6CA ;7;71A 0CB >@31323A B6/B =4 & E67:3 B63 036/D7=C@ =4 / 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3 /<2 & /A B63 </;3 AC553ABA 1=7<1723A =D3@ B7;3 $=B3 B6/B D/@7/0:3A E7B6 / 6756 <35/B7D3 1=@@3:/B7=< E7B6 & 1/< /:A= A3@D3 /A 5==2 7<271/B=@A =4 B63 3D=:CB7=< =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 /<2 A6=C:2 03 /2232 B= B63 :7AB =4 >=B3<B7/: 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 D/@7/0:3A G 1=<AB@C1B7=< :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A E7:: 57D3 3/@:G 7<271/B7=<A /0=CB 16/<53A 7< B63 27@31B7=< =4 & /<2 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 =E3D3@ B63G E7:: <=B >@=D723 /<G @3:7/0:3 7<4=@;/B7=< /0=CB B63 ;/5<7BC23 =4 B6/B 16/<53 C@B63@;=@3 B63 :/5 @3:/B7=<A67>A 1/< 03 ?C7B3 D=:/B7:3 E6716 7A E6G 7B 1/< ;/<G B7;3A 03 27N1C:B 7< >@/1B713 B= />>:G :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A :A= B63 E723A>@3/2 CA3 =4 / @3/A=</0:G @3:7/0:3 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@ ;/G 7< 4/1B 7@=<71/::G :3/2 B= :3AA @3:7/07:7BG 7< B63 7<271/B=@ =D3@ B7;3 *67A 1/< @3AC:B 74 B63 /53<BA 7< B63 31=< =;G /1B =< B63 4=@31/AB /<2 /:B3@ 37B63@ B63 31=<=;71 =CB1=;3 =@ B63 :3/2 B7;3 03BE33< B63 7<271/B=@ /<2 B63 31=<=;G 3A>7B3 7BA 2@/E0/19A :3/27<5 7<271/B=@ A3@73A 1/< 63:> 31=<=;7ABA 0CA7<3AA /<2 5=D3@<;3<B >@3271B /<2 >@3>/@3 4=@ A75<7I1/<B 16/<53A 7< B63 31=<=;71 1:7;/B3

*($& )($&&'' * "$!

*63 D31B=@ /CB=@35@3AA7D3 ,( ;=23: 7A =<3 =4 B63 A7;>:3AB 4=@;A =4 ;C: B7D/@7/B3 ;=23:A BA >=>C:/@7BG 4=@ /</:GA7<5 B63 2G</;71A =4 31=<=;71 AGA B3;A 7A 2C3 B= B63 7<JC3<B7/: E=@9 0G )7;A B 7A >/@B71C:/@:G 1=<D3 <73<B 4=@ 3AB7;/B7=< /<2 4=@31/AB7<5 /<2 >@=D723A B63 A7;>:3AB ;=23: 0/A32 4@/;3E=@9 4=@ @3:/B7<5 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A B= 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 4=@ B63 1=<AB@C1B7=< =4 @35@3AA7=< 0/A32 1=;>=A7B3 7<23F3A

"3B 03 / A3B =4 $ 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 / A3B =4 % :3/27<5 7<27 1/B=@A =::31B B63 D/@7/0:3A /<2 7< B63 $%27;3<A7=</: 1=:C;< D31B=@ *63 D31B=@ /CB=@35@3AA7D3 ;=23: E7B6 & :/5A ,(& 1/< B63< 03 23I<32 /A 4=::=EA

( E63@3 7A / 1=:C;< D31B=@ =4 1=<AB/<BA /@3 >/@/;3B3@ ;/B@7 13A /<2 7A / $%27;3<A7=</: 772 3@@=@ D31B=@ >@=13AA E7B6 H3@= ;3/< /<2 1=D/@7/<13 ;/B@7F AAC;7<5 <=@;/::G 27AB@70CB32 3@@=@A B63 ;=23: >/@/;3B3@A 1/< 03 3AB7;/B32 0G ;/F7;C; :793:76==2 =@ 3?C7D/:3<B:G 0G =@27</@G :3/AB A?C/@3A 3?C/B7=< 0G 3?C/B7=< A33 4=@ 3F/;>:3 /;7:B=< 4=@ 23B/7:A *= 03 /0:3 B= 3AB7;/B3 B63 ;=23: C<23@ ;=@3 53<3@/: >/@/;3B3@ @3AB@71B7=<A /<2 B= >3@4=@; B3ABA =< A7<5:3 >/@/;3B3@A B63 ;=23:

(7)

7A @33F>@3AA32 7< B63 3?C7D/:3<B /:B3@</B7D3 4=@; * * ) )

E63@3 7A / @=E D31B=@ 1=<A7AB7<5 =4 /:: D/@7/0:3A B6/B />>3/@ 7< 3?C/ B7=< ! B6/B 7A / >=AA70:3 1=<AB/<B /<2 /:: :/5A =4 /<2 /<2 7A B63 1=@@3A>=<27<5 >/@/;3B3@ D31B=@ "3B # 03 B63 <C;03@ =4 >/@/;3B3@A B= 03 3AB7;/B32 7< 3?C/B7=<! /<2 23<=B3 0G ## # B63 B=B/: <C;03@ =4 >/@/;3B3@A 7< B63 ;=23: =::31B B63A3 7< B63 #1=:C;< D31B=@ *63 3?C/B7=< AGAB3; 1/< B63< 03 3F>@3AA32 /A E63@3 7A B63 $%# ;/B@7F E63@3 /@3 H3@= D31B=@A =4 =@23@ #! $% /2232 B= ;/93 1=<4=@;/0:3 E7B6 B63#D31B=@

AB7;/B7=< =4 7A >3@4=@;32 0G /< 7B3@/B7D3 >@=13AA 7@AB /< 7<7B7/: 3AB7;/B3 =4 B63 1=D/@7/<13 ;/B@7F 7A =0B/7<32 57D3< / AB/@B D31B=@ =4 >/@/;3B3@ D/:C3A *63< 0G CA7<5 /< 3AB7;/B3 =4 B63 >/ @/;3B3@ D31B=@ 1/< 03 =0B/7<32 0G 53<3@/:7H32 :3/AB A?C/@3A E6716 7< B63 <3FB AB3> >@=2C13A / <3E 3AB7;/B3 =4 B3@/B7<5 7< B67A ;/<<3@ E7:: >@=2C13 B63 ;/F7;C; :793:76==2 3AB7;/B3A /<2 B6=C56 B63A3 3AB7;/B3A /4B3@ 8CAB =<3 7B3@/B7=< 6/D3 B63 A/;3 /AG;>B=B71 27AB@70CB7=< /A B63 I</: ;/F7;C; :793:76==2 3AB7;/B3A =4 /<2 A33 #/5<CA 4=@ 23B/7:A

(8)

$&'( #

B 4=::=EA 7;;327/B3:G B6/B B63 =>B7;/: =<3AB3> /63/2 4=@31/AB =4 ;=23: 7A

$=B3 B6/B 7< 1=<A7ABA =4 >=AA70:3 1=<AB/<BA /<2 =<:G :/5532 D/:C3A =4

/<2 A= /:: 3:3;3<BA =4 7< /@3 9<=E<

*63 3AB7;/B7=< =4 67563@ AB3> 4=@31/ABA 7A 6=E3D3@ <=B /A AB@/756B 4=@ E/@2 )3D3@/: B316<7?C3A 1/< 03 />>:732 *E= 1=;;=<:G CA32 ;3B6=2A /@3 B63 </7D3 4=@31/AB /<2 B63 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 < B63 </7D3 1/A3 B63 >@3A3<13 =4 4=@31/AB 3@@=@ 7A 75<=@32 >@=2C17<5 4=@ 3F/;>:3 B63 BE=AB3> >=7<B 4=@31/AB

E63@3 B63 C<9<=E< :/5A =4 /<2 7< /@3 @3>:/132 0G B637@ @3A>31B7D3:G >=7<B 4=@31/AB 4@=;

*63 ;/B@7F 7A B6CA C>2/B32 4=@ 3/16 4=@31/AB AB3> E7B6 B63 >=7<B 3AB7;/B3A =4 /<2 4@=; B63 3/@:73@ 4=@31/AB AB3>A *67A ;3B6=2 7A 3/AG B= CA3 0CB A7<13 7B 2=3A <=B B/93 7<B= /11=C<B /<G 3@@=@A =4 B63 4=@31/ABA 7B E7:: CAC/::G 03 0/2:G 07/A32

*63 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 =< B63 =B63@ 6/<2 7<1=@>=@/B3A 4=@3 1/AB 3@@=@A E63< 3AB7;/B7<5 67563@ AB3> 4=@31/ABA A33 4=@ 3F/;>:3 @/<53@ /<2 *3@PAD7@B/ /<2 *3@PAD7@B/ *63 BE=AB3> >=7<B 4=@31/AB 7A 7< B67A 1/A3

23<=B7<5 B63 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB /<2 E63@3 B63 C<9<=E< :/5A =4 /<2

7< B63 ;/B@7F /@3 @3>:/132 /A 034=@3 0G B637@ @3A>31B7D3:G >=7<B 4=@31/AB 0CB <=E /:A= /227<5 / 2@/E< D/:C3 =4 B63 3AB7;/B32 3@@=@ D31B=@ =4

7< B63 ;=23: #=@3 >@317A3:G E63< /227<5 B63 I@AB AB3> 4=@31/AB =4 4=@ 3F/;>:3* B= / 2@/E< D/:C3 4@=; B63 @3A72C/: D31B=@ 7< 7A /2232 B=* B6CA* E7:: 03 7<1:C232 7< /<2 A= =< 4=@ B63 =B63@ D/@7/0:3A =@ B63 BE=AB3> 4=@31/AB @3A72C/: D31B=@A /@3 2@/E< 3/16 @3AC:B7<5 7< / >=7<B 4=@31/AB

! A / BE=AB3> >=7<B 4=@31/AB 7B 7A </BC@/: B= 16==A3 B63 ;3/< =4 B63 D/:C3A =4

/A 7< 3D3< B6=C56 =B63@ 4=@;A 1/< 03 1=<A723@32 AC16 /A B63 ;327/< *63 ;3B6=2 1/< 1:3/@:G 03 CA32 4=@ ;C:B7AB3> 4=@31/ABA /:B6=C56 7B ?C719:G 031=;3A 1=;>:3F =@ 3F/;>:3 B63 @31=;;3<232 B6@33AB3> >=7<B

(9)

4=@31/AB 7A E63@3 B63 ;/B@713A " # /@3 1=< AB@C1B32 CA7<5 3/16 =4 B63 ;/B@713A 7< /<2 C>2/B7<5 B63; /A 034=@3 E7B6 B63 D/:C3A =4/<24@=; B63 >@3D7=CA 4=@31/AB AB3>A /227<5

2@/E< @3A72C/:A &@=13327<5 7< B67A 4/A67=< 4=@31/AB 3@@=@A 1/< 03 /1 1=C<B32 4=@ 4@=; 3/16 4=@31/AB AB3>

*63 0==BAB@/> ;3B6=2 7A 4/7@:G 3/AG B= />>:G 0CB =0D7=CA:G D3@G 1=;>C B/B7=</::G 7<B3<A7D3 /<2 B7;3 1=<AC;7<5 4=@ 67563@ 4=@31/AB 6=@7H=<A -63< B63 ;=23: 7A 1=@@31B:G A>317I32 7B 6/A 5==2 >@=>3@B73A G73:27<5 />>@=F7;/B3:G C<07/A32 4=@31/ABA =4 0CB 1/< =B63@E7A3 03 07/A32 *63 075 /2D/<B/53 =D3@ =B63@ ;3B6=2A 7A B6/B 7B =O3@A <=B =<:G B63 >=7<B 4=@31/AB

0CB /:A= / E/G B= =0B/7< /< 3AB7;/B3 =4 B63 AB3> /63/2 4=@31/AB 27AB@70CB7=< =@ 3F /;>:3 B63D/:C3A =4

7< 1/< 03 D73E32 /A / 2@/E< A/;>:3 4@=; B63 27AB@70CB7=< E6716 7< BC@< 1/< 03 CA32 4=@ 1=<AB@C1B7<5 1=<I23<13 7<B3@ D/:A 6G>=B63A7A B3AB7<5 3AB7;/B7=< =4 ?C/<B7:3A /<2 =0B/7<7<5 =B63@ 43/BC@3A =4 B63 4=@31/AB 27AB@70CB7=< B6/B 1/< 03 =4 7<B3@3AB

$"%$' ( $ # #( #,

< B63 :7B3@/BC@3 B63@3 7A A=;3 /5@33;3<B B6/B B63 03AB =D3@/:: 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 7A / 1=;07<32 =@ 1=;>=A7B3 4=@31/AB /A / E3756B32 /D3@/53 =4 / D/@73BG =4 4=@31/ABA 3/16 53<3@/B32 0G / 27O3@3<B B316<7?C3 A33 4=@ 3F/;>:3 *7;;3@;/<< 4=@ / 27A1CAA7=< /<2 / AC@D3G =4 3F7AB7<5 B316<7?C3A *67A /D3@/53 A6=C:2 >@=D3 AC>3@7=@ B= /<G A7<5:3 4=@31/AB7<5 ;=23: 031/CA3 B63 3@@=@A 7< B63 A3>/@/B3 4=@31/ABA E7:: B3<2 B= 1/<13: =<3 /<=B63@ =CB B 6/A =4B3< 033< 4=C<2 B6/B A7;>:3 1=;07</B7=<A B6/B 7A 1=;07</B7=<A B6/B 2= <=B @3?C7@3 3AB7;/B7<5 ;/<G >/@/;3B3@A AC16 /A /@7B6;3B71 /D3@/53A =@ E3756BA 0/A32 =< B63 7<D3@A3 @==B ;3/< A?C/@32 4=@31/AB 3@@=@ (#) 2= 03BB3@ B6/< ;=@3 A=>67AB71/B32 ;3B6=2A A A6=E< 0G C>B/ /<2 -7:B=< B63 >3@4=@;/<13 =4 3?C/: E3756B32 1=;07</B7=<A 23>3<2A AB@=<5:G =< B63 @3:/B7D3 A7H3 =4 B63 D/@7/<13 =4 B63 4=@31/AB 3@@=@A /AA=17/B32 E7B6 B63 27O3@3<B 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2A -63< B63A3 /@3 A7;7:/@ 3?C/: E3756BA >3@4=@; E3:: E67:3 E63< :/@53@ 27O3@3<13A /@3 =0A3@D32 27O3@3<B7/: E3756B7<5 =4 4=@31/ABA 7A 53<3@/::G @3?C7@32

<C;03@ =4 27O3@3<B ;3B6=2A 1/< B63@34=@3 03 1=<A723@32 E63< 1=< AB@C1B7<5 / 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F *67A ABC2G E7:: 0/A3 B63 E3756BA =< B63 7<D3@A3 (#) 23I<7<5 B63 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<271/B=@

(10)

/A

*63 3:3;3<BA =4 B63 D31B=@ =4 E3756BA AC; B= =<3 E63@3 3/16 7<27D72C/: E3756B 7A 57D3< 0G (#) (#) (#) ! $

*63 7<23F E7:: B6CA @3J31B B63 036/D7=C@ =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 CA7<5 7<4=@ ;/B7=< 4@=; /:: $ 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A 7<1:C232 7< B63 ;=23:

"% & ! %%! ( $#

( '(

< B67A A31B7=< B63 D/@7/0:3 A3:31B7=< >@=132C@3 =4 )31B7=< 7A />>:732 B= B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G #=<B6:G 2/B/ 7A /D/7:/0:3 4=@ 7< B=B/:;/1@=31=<=;71 /<2 I</<17/: D/@7/0:3A 4@=; / <C;03@ =4 27O3@3<B A31B=@A /<2 ;/@93BA )7<13 ;/<G =4 B63A3 D/@7/0:3A =<:G 6/D3 033< 1=::31B32 /<2 @3>=@B32 4=@ /0=CB B3< G3/@A B63 A/;>:3 A7H3 7A :7;7B32 B= B63 >3@7=2 03BE33< /<C/@G/<2 30@C/@G B6CA 57D7<5=0A3@D/B7=<A 7< B=B/: )7<13 B63 13:/<271 & 7A =<:G ;3/AC@32 ?C/@B3@:G B63 D/@7/0:3A /@3 /55@35/B32 7<B= ?C/@B3@:G 2/B/ 7< B63 7<7B7/: >@=13AA =4 A3:31B7<5 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A C@B63@;=@3 B= ;=23: /<2 4=@31/AB 16/<53A 7< B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G & 7A B@/<A4=@;32 7<B= G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 7< B63 /</:GA7A B6/B 4=::=EA <C;03@ =4 >=AA70:3 2/B/ B@/<A4=@;/B7=<A 1=C:2 03 1=<A723@32 4=@ B63 1/<27 2/B3 D/@7/0:3A /B B67A >=7<B *63 :/@53 B316<71/: :7B3@/BC@3 1=<13@<A D/@7=CA ;3B6=2A B= @3;=D3 :=<5 B3@; ;=D3;3<BA /<2 6756 4@3?C3<1G JC1BC/B7=<A =E3D3@ 3F13>B 4=@ CA7<5 A3/A=</::G /28CAB32 A3@73A E63< <33232 /<2 3F >@3AA7<5 /:: D/@7/0:3A 7< @3/: D/:C3A 74 <313AA/@G B63 2/B/ A3@73A /@3 =<:G /</:GA32 7< :3D3:A =@ 7< G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 =@ 7<23F A3@73A /<2 G73:2 A>@3/2 B63 B@/<A4=@;/B7=< B= G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 1/< <=B 03 />>:732 27@31B:G *63@3 4=@3 7<23F A3@73A /@3 3F>@3AA32 7< G3/@:G >3@13<B/53 5@=EB6 @/B3 /<2 B63 G73:2 A>@3/2 7< G3/@:G 16/<53

A B63 2/B/ 7A /D/7:/0:3 =< / ;=<B6:G 0/A7A 7B E=C:2 03 >=AA70:3 B= B@/<A 4=@; B63 2/B/ 7<B= ;=<B6:G 7<AB3/2 =4 G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 .3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 6/A B63 /2D/<B/53 B6/B 7B 231@3/A3A B63 3O31B =4 /<G >=AA70:3 A3/A=< /:7BG +A7<5 2/B/ 7< ;=<B6:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 /<2 <=B /11=C<B7<5 4=@ >=AA70:3 A3/A=</:7BG 7< B63 ;=23::7<5 >@=132C@3 E=C:2 ;/93 B63 3AB7;/B3 =4 B63 0/2:G 07/A32 *63 ,( ;=23: 2=3A /::=E 4=@ ;=23::7<5 A3/A=</:7BG *63

(11)

A/;>:3 A7H3 =4 B63 2/B/ A3B /D/7:/0:3 2=3A 6=E3D3@ @3AB@71B B63 <C;03@ =4 >=AA70:3 D/@7/0:3A B= 03 7<1:C232 7< B63 ;=23: 227<5 A3/A=</: 1=;>=<3<BA E=C:2 B6CA 03 ;=@3 />>@=>@7/B3 4=@ :/@53@ A/;>:3 A7H3A /<2 7A B63@34=@3 :34B 4=@ :/B3@ ABC273A </:GA7<5 B63 1=@@3:/B7=< AB@C1BC@3 =4 3/16 1/<272/B3 D/@7 /0:3 7< :3D3:A /<2 7< 5@=EB6 @/B3 E7B6 B63 @3/: & /<<C/: 5@=EB6 @/B3 / <C;03@ =4 >=B3<B7/: :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A /<2 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A 1/< 03 A3 :31B32 4=@ B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G *63 16=A3< 1/<272/B3 D/@7/0:3A /<2 BG>3 =4 B@/<A4=@;/B7=< /@3 57D3< 7< */0:3 ! )3:31B32 >=B3<B7/: 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 7<1:C27<5 /1@=<G;A /<2 BG>3 =4 B@/<A4=@;/B7=< $/;3 3A1@7>B7=< *@/<A4=@;/B7=< #""' )% & # 3;3<B A/:3A 5@=EB6 @/B3 ;>=@B =4 1=<AC;3@ 5==2A A3;72C@/0:3 5@=EB6 @/B3 ;>=@B =4 4==2 /<2 03D3@/53A 5@=EB6 @/B3 $-& $C;03@ =4 <3E E=@9 >3@;7BA 5@=EB6 @/B3 (( (3/: 3F16/<53 @/B3 <23F 5@=EB6 @/B3 ,( $C;03@ =4 D/1/<173A 7< 5@3/B3@ (3G98/D79 /@3/ 5@=EB6 @/B3

" "'#%&

( @327B 1/@2A *=B/: <C;03@ =4 B@/<A/1B7=<A 5@=EB6 @/B3 #& F>=@B =4 ;/@7<3 >@=2C1BA :3D3:A $,( $3E ,3671:3A (357AB@/B7=< ) 5@=EB6 @/B3 %" %7: >@713 +! @3<B +)0/@@3: 5@=EB6 @/B3 ( (3/: 7<23F =4 6=CA7<5 5@=EB6 @/B3 *( *@/23 0/:/<13 :3D3:A *( *@3/AC@G =<2A 7<2713A G3/@ 5@=EB6 @/B3 -) -/53A /<2 )/:/@73A <23F 5@=EB6 @/B3 .$ .73:2 A>@3/2 *@ =<2A G3/@ *@ $=B3A G3/@ 16/<53 .$ .73:2 A>@3/2 *@ $=B3A G3/@ *@ 7::A ;=<B6 :3D3:A

$! '% .( $# # '( "( $#

-63< A>3174G7<5 B63 ;=23: B63 /D/7:/0:3 A/;>:3 A7H3 :7;7BA B63 <C;03@ =4 >=B3<B7/: D/@7/0:3A B= CA3 B 7A B63@34=@3 <=B >=AA70:3 B= 7<1:C23 /:: D/@7/0:3A 7< */0:3 7<B= B63 ;=23: %< B63 =B63@ 6/<2 B67A A6=C:2 <=B 03 <313AA/@G

(12)

4=@ =0B/7<7<5 @3:7/0:3 3AB7;/B3A =4 B63 ;=23: >/@/;3B3@A /<2 4=@ B63 1=< AB@C1B7=< /<2 4=@31/AB7<5 =4 B63 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F /A7<5 B63 ;=23::7<5 =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 =<:G =< / AC0A3B =4 B63 >=B3<B7/: D/@7 /0:3A >=A3A 6=E3D3@ / ?C3AB7=< =4 E6716 D/@7/0:3A B= 16==A3 *63@3 7A /< =0D7=CA B@/23 =O 03BE33< CA7<5 /A ;C16 7<4=@;/B7=< 7< B63 2/B/ /A >=AA70:3 /<2 B63 >@=0:3; =4 B63 27;3<A7=< =4 B63 ;=23: /<2 <C;03@ =4 >/@/;3B3@A B= 3AB7;/B3

7@AB 1=<A723@ B63 16=713 =4 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A */0:3 1=<B/7<A A7F >=A A70:3 D/@7/0:3A ;=<5 B63A3 A7F D/@7/0:3A B63@3 /@3 BE= 7;>=@B D/@7/0:3A /<2 BE= D/@7/0:3A 1=<13@<7<5 3;>:=G;3<B B E=C:2 03 @3/:7AB71 B= /AAC;3 4=@ 3/16 =4 B63A3 >/7@A =4 D/@7/0:3A B6/B B63 7<4=@;/B7=< =< B63 0CA7<3AA 1G 1:3 1=<B/7<32 7< =<3 =4 B63 D/@7/0:3A E=C:2 03 A7;7:/@ =@ B63 A/;3 /A 7< B63 =B63@ =<3 B A6=C:2 B63@34=@3 03 ACN173<B B= 7<1:C23 =<:G =<3 D/@7/0:3 4@=; 3/16 >/7@ 7<B= B63 ;=23: )3:31B7<5 03BE33< B63 BE= B63 D/@7/0:3 E7B6 B63 AB@=<53AB 1=@@3:/B7=<A E7B6 B63 @3/: & 7< 5@=EB6 @/B3 7A B63 ;=AB </B C@/: 16=713 %4 B63 A7F 1/<272/B3A B63 B6@33 D/@7/0:3A 13;3<B A/:3A 7;>=@BA =4 4==2 /<2 03D3@/53A /<2 D/1/<173A 7< B63 (3G98/D79 /@3/ /@3 16=A3< %@757</B7<5 4@=; 27O3@3<B A31B=@A 7< B63 13:/<271 31=< =;G 7B 7A @3/A=</0:3 B= 03:73D3 B6/B B63G E7:: 4=@; / 5==2 0/A7A 4=@ 23A1@707<5 B63 53<3@/: 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 *63 =B63@ B6@33 D/@7/0:3A 7;>=@BA =4 1=<AC;3@ 5==2A <3E E=@9 >3@;7BA /<2 @3/: 3F16/<53 @/B3 E7:: 03 :34B =CB =4 B63 ABC2G 2C3 B= B637@ :=E3@ 1=@@3:/B7=< E7B6 & /<2 B= B637@ 1:=A3 @3:/B7=<A67> B= B63 D/@7/0:3A 7;>=@B =4 4==2 /<2 03D3@/53A /<2 D/1/<173A 7< B63 (3G98/D79 /@3/ @3A>31B7D3:G

*63 A3:31B7=< =4 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A B= 7<1:C23 7< B63 ;=23: >=A3A / :/@53@ >@=0:3; *63 =0D7=CA @3/A=< B= 7<1:C23 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 7A B= B/93 7<B= /11=C<B 3/@:G 7<4=@;/B7=< =4 B63 036/D7=C@ =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 < 53<3@/: CA7<5 / A7<5:3 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@ 1/< <=B 03 @31=;;3<232 A7<13 31=<=;71 B63=@G /<2 3F>3@73<13 AC553AB B6/B @313AA7=<A /<2 3F>/<A7=<A 1/< 6/D3 / <C;03@ =4 27O3@3<B A=C@13A /<2 16/@/1B3@7AB71A #=@3 7<271/B=@A 7<1:C232 7< B63 ;=23: 7;>:73A 6=E3D3@ / :/@53@ /<2 ;=@3 1=;>:3F ;=23: B= A>3174G /<2 3AB7;/B3 =<A723@7<5 B67A B@/23 =O 03BE33< B63 <C;03@ =4 >/@/;3B3@A B= 03 3AB7;/B32 /<2 3/@:G 7<4=@;/B7=< =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 1=<B/7<32 7< B63 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A B63 <C;03@ =4 7<271/B=@A 7A A3B B= 4=C@ 7< B63 /</:GA7A B6/B 4=::=EA -63< A3:31B7<5 / A3B =4 4=C@ :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 4@=; B63 B3< >=B3<B7/: :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 7< */0:3 B63@3 /@3 /A ;/<G /A >=AA70:3 1=;07</B7=<A B= 16==A3 4@=; *= 3D/:C/B3 3/16 =4 B63A3 1=;07</B7=<A 7A D3@G B7;3 1=<AC;7<5 /B >@3A3<B 7B 6/A <=B 033< >=AA70:3 B= /CB=;/B3 B63 E6=:3 ;=23::7<5 >@=13AA E6716 7A E6G =<:G / A;/:: 4@/1B7=< =4 B63 1=;07</B7=<A 6/D3 033< 1=<A723@32 7< B67A ABC2G 6==A7<5 27O3@3<B A3BA =4 4=C@ :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 4@=; D/@7=CA A31B=@A 7< B63 31=<=;G =<:G A7F 1=;07</B7=<A 6/D3

(13)

033< B6=@=C56:G /</:GA32 *63 A3:31B7=< 03BE33< B63 27O3@3<B A3BA =4 7<271/ B=@A 7A 0/A32 =< BE= 1@7B3@7/ 7@AB B63G /@3 /:: 3D/:C/B32 /11=@27<5 B= 6=E AB@=<5:G B63 7<27D72C/: :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A /@3 1=@@3:/B32 0=B6 E7B6 B63 @3/: & 5@=EB6 @/B3 /<2 E7B6 B63 B6@33 A3:31B32 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A )31=<2:G B63 ;=23: 4=@31/AB >3@4=@;/<13 7A 3D/:C/B32 =D3@ / >A3C2= 6=:2 =CB A/;>:3 =4

=0A3@D/B7=<A *67A 7A 2=<3 0G 3AB7;/B7<5 B63 ;=23: =D3@ B63 A/;>:3 >3@7=2 A/D7<5 B63 :/AB=0A3@D/B7=<A 4=@ / 1=;>/@7A=< E7B6 B63 3AB7;/B32 >=7<B 4=@3 1/ABA *63 4=@31/AB >3@4=@;/<13 7A ;3/AC@32 0G B63 AB/<2/@2 ;3/< A?C/@32 3@@=@ #) E63@3 B63 @==B ;3/< A?C/@32 4=@31/AB 3@@=@A AC; ;/@7H3 B63 >3@4=@;/<13 $=B3 B6/B B63 </7D3 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 7A CA32 /B B67A AB/53 4=@ A7;>:717BG @3/A=<A /A32 =< B63A3 BE= 1@7B3@7/ 1@327B 1/@2A <3E D3671:3A @357AB@/B7=< @3/: 7<23F =4 6=CA7<5 /<2 B63 G73:2 A>@3/2 03BE33< B@3/AC@3 0=<2A G3/@A /<2 B@3/AC@G <=B3A

G3/@A /@3 16=A3< /A B63 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A B= 03 7<1:C232 7< B63 ;=23: */0:3 7< B63 >>3<27F A6=EA B63 4=@31/ABA =4 B63 1=7<1723<B D/@7 /0:3A B63 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A B637@ #) /<2 (#) 4=@ B63 >A3C2= 6=:2 =CB A/;>:3 =4 =0A3@D/B7=<A *63 =B63@ ID3 A3BA =4 /</:GA32 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A <=B @3>=@B32 63@3 1=<B/7< D/@7=CA 1=;07</B7=<A =4 B63 4=C@ 7<271/B=@A 4@=; /0=D3 /<2 B63 D/@7/0:3A B@/23 0/:/<13 E/53A /<2 A/:/@73A =7: >@713 /<2 G73:2 A>@3/2 03BE33< G3/@ B@3/AC@3 <=B3A /<2;=<B6 B@3/AC@3 07::A

< 7<7B7/: :/5 AB@C1BC@3 =4 B63 ;=23: 7A 23B3@;7<32 0G /</:GA7<5 B63 1=@@3:/B7=< AB@C1BC@3 03BE33< B63 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 B63 :3/27<5 7<27 1/B=@A /<2 03BE33< B63 7<27D72C/: :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A AB7;/B7=< 7A B63< >3@4=@;32 0G ") CA7<5 B63 AB/<2/@2 0/19E/@2 3:7;7</B7=< =4 D/@7/0:3A =<3 /B / B7;3 E7B6 B63 ;=AB <=<A75<7I1/<B >/@/;3B3@ D/:C3 *63 I</: A>317I1/ B7=< /<2 >/@/;3B3@ 3AB7;/B3A /@3 @3>=@B32 7< */0:3 7< B63 >>3<27F

*!)( $#

*= 23B3@;7<3 B63 ?C/:7BG =4 B63 3AB7;/B32 ;=23: 7B 7A <313AA/@G B= >3@4=@; /23?C/B3 3D/:C/B7=< B3ABA /<2 B= /</:GA3 B63 ;=23: >@=>3@B73A -63B63@ 7B A6=C:2 03 CA32 4=@ 4=@31/AB7<5 =@ >=:71G 3D/:C/B7=< /<G 7;>:3;3<B/B7=< =4 / ;=23: 4=::=E7<5 B63 3AB7;/B7=< AB3> E7:: 23>3<2 =< B63 3AB7;/B32 >/@/;3B3@A 7<27<5 =CB E63B63@ =@ <=B B63 ;=23: />>3/@A B= A/B7A4G B63 /AAC;>B7=<A C<23@ E6716 7B E/A 3AB7;/B32 7A B63@34=@3 /< 7;>=@B/<B >/@B =4 /<G ;=23::7<5 3F3@17A3 )3D3@/: 27/5<=AB71 B3ABA /<2 A7;C:/B7=< ;3B6=2A /@3 />>:732 7< B67A A31B7=< B= 1=<I@; B6/B B63 ;=23: /AAC;>B7=<A /@3 <=B D7=:/B32 /<2 B6/B B63 3AB7;/B32 ;=23: 6/A 23A7@/0:3 >@=>3@B73A AC16 /A / ;3/< @3D3@B7<5 036/D7=C@ */0:3A /<2 I5C@3A E7B6 B63 ;=AB 7;>=@B/<B @3AC:BA =4 B63 3D/:C/B7=< =4 B63 3AB7;/B32 ,( ;=23: 1/< 03 4=C<2 7< B63 />>3<2713A

(14)

*/0:3 A6=EA B63 @3AC:BA =4 B63 C<7D/@7/B3 /@?C3 /<2 3@/ B3ABA =4 <=@;/:7BG =4 3/16 =4 B63 @3A72C/: D31B=@A :: 7<27D72C/: >D/:C3A /@3 6756 AC553AB7<5 B6/B B63 /AAC;>B7=< =4 / <=@;/::G 27AB@70CB32 ;=23: 3@@=@ D31B=@ 7A A/B7AI32

*= B3AB B63 >=AA70:3 >@3A3<13 =4 /CB=1=@@3:/B7=< 7< B63 @3A72C/:A 3/16 @3A72C/: D31B=@ 7A @35@3AA32 /5/7<AB / 1=<AB/<B /<2' :/5A =4 7BA3:4 *63 8=7<B 6G>=B63A7A B6/B /:: >/@/;3B3@A 3F13>B B63 1=<AB/<B /@3 H3@= 7A B63< B3AB32 4=@' *63 >D/:C3A /@3 @3>=@B32 7< */0:3 E6716 B63< 1=<B/7<A A3>/@/B3 B3ABA 7D3< / B3AB :3D3: =4 =<3 =4 B63 B3ABA A6=E D3@G ;7:2 A75<7I1/<13 *63 7<27D72C/: >D/:C3 7A 4=@ B63 @3A72C/: E7B6

:/5A :: =B63@ >D/:C3A 4=@ B63 =B63@ :/5A /@3 6756 7<271/B7<5 B6/B B67A ;7:2 /CB=1=@@3:/B7=< 1/< 03 <35:31B32 A7<13 7B 7A <=B AB@=<5 3<=C56 B= /O31B B63 8=7<B 6G>=B63A7A B6/B B63 E6=:3 3@@=@ D31B=@ 7A A3@7/::G C<1=@@3:/B32 B 7A B63@34=@3 A/43 B= 1=<1:C23 B6/B B63 /AAC;>B7=< =4 / A3@7/::G C<1=@@3:/B32 3@@=@ D31B=@ 7A <=B @3831B32

B 7A A=;3B7;3A /@5C32 B6/B ;7AA>317I1/B7=< =4 / ;=23: 1/< ;/93 B63 3@@=@ D/@7/<13A B7;3D/@G7<5 *3AB7<5 74 B63 ;=23: 3@@=@ D/@7/<13A /@3 63B 3@=A932/AB71 7A B63@34=@3 >3@4=@;32 CA7<5 / ;C:B7D/@7/B3 "/5@/<53 ;C:B7>:73@ B3AB A33 9:C<2 /<2 *3@PAD7@B/ 4=@ A>317I1 23B/7:A =4 B63 B3AB */0:3 >@3A3<BA B63 @3AC:BA =4 B63 "# B3AB E63@3 BE= B7;3D/@G7<5 D/@7/<13 A>31 7I1/B7=<A /@3 1=<A723@32 /A /:B3@</B7D3A B= 1=<AB/<B D/@7/<13A *63 I@AB 1/A3 7A B63 =<3 =4 1=<27B7=</: 63B3@=A932/AB717BG B6/B 7A / 1/A3 =4 (' B7;3 D/@G7<5 D/@7/<13A ' *63 A31=<2 1/A3 1/::32 B63 A;==B6 B@/<A7B7=< 1/A3 7A /< /:B3@</B7D3 E63@3 B63 D/@7/<13A /@3 /::=E32 B= 16/<53 ;=<=B=<7 1/::G =D3@ B7;3 03BE33< BE= 3FB@3;3 @357;3A *63 "# >D/:C3 7A B63 D/:C3 7;>:732 0G B63 /AG;>B=B71 >@=>3@B73A =4 B63 B3AB E67:3 B63 0==BAB@/> >D/:C3 7A 3AB7;/B32 CA7<5 @3A/;>:7<5 E6716 1=@@31BA 4=@ /<G >=AA70:3 A7H3 27AB=@B7=< >@3A3<B *63 @3>=@B32 >D/:C3A A6=E B6/B <= 63B3@=A932/AB717BG 7A >@3A3<B 7< B63 @3A72C/: D31B=@A =4 B63 3AB7;/B32 ;=23: 7;>:G7<5 B6/B B63 6G>=B63A7A =4 1=<AB/<B D/@7/<13A />>3/@A B= 03 1=@@31B

*= 7<D3AB75/B3 B63 ;3/< @3D3@B7<5 >@=>3@B73A =4 B63 3AB7;/B32 ;=23: / @3/:7H/B7=< =4 =0A3@D/B7=<A =4 7< 7A 53<3@/B32 4@=; B63 ;=23: 1=<27B7=</: =< B63 >/@/;3B3@ 3AB7;/B3A <G >=AA70:3 A3@7=CA <=<AB/B7=</@G 43/BC@3A =4 B63 ;=23: 1/< B63< 3O31B7D3:G 03 @3D3/:32 */0:3 >@3A3<BA @3AC:B7<5 D/:C3A =4 B63 ;7<7;C; ;3/< ;/F7;C; /<2 AB/<2/@2 23D7/B7=< =4 B63 A7;C:/B32 @3/:7H/B7=< A6=E7<5 B6/B /:: B63 7<27D72C/: B7;3 A3@73A 7< 3D=:D3 =D3@ B7;3 E7B67< :=E3@ /<2 C>>3@ 0=C<2A /<2 4C@B63@;=@3 E7B6 :=E AB/<2/@2 23D7/B7=<A *63@3 7A B6CA <= 7<271/B7=< B6/B B63 @3/:7H/B7=< =4 E=C:2 03 <=<AB/B7=</@G E6G B63A3 @3AC:BA /@3 / AB@=<5 7<271/B7=< B6/B B63 ;=23: 7A AB/B7=</@G /<2 ;3/< @3D3@B7<5

*63 A/;3 1=<1:CA7=< B6/B B63 ;=23: />>3/@A B= 03 AB/B7=</@G 1/< 03

(15)

AB/B32 E63< /</:GA7<5 B63 7;>C:A3@3A>=<A3 4C<1B7=< =4 B63 ,( ;=23: 75C@3A /<2 A6=E B63 7;>C:A3@3A>=<A3 4C<1B7=< =4 B63 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A /<2 B63 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F E63< / C<7B A6=19 7A 7<B@=2C132 7<B= B63 ;=23: D7/ B63 3@@=@

=4 B63 3?C/ B7=< =4 B63 D/@7/0:3 /B B7;3 >=7<B ( A B63 A6=19 7A 7<B@=2C132 7<B= B63 AGAB3; 23>3<27<5 =< B63 :/5 AB@C1BC@3 =4 3/16 =4 B63 3?C/B7=<A =4 B63 ;=23: 3/16 D/@7/0:3 @3/1BA 7< / 1=<A3?C3<13 =4 7BA @3:/B7=<A67> E7B6 B63 =B63@ D/@7/0:3A A A6=E< 7< B63 I5C@3A 7B 7A 1:3/@ B6/B B63 A6=19 4/23A =CB /<2 031=;3A <35:7570:3 /4B3@ /0=CB B6@33 G3/@A B6/B 7A /4B3@=0A3@D/B7=<A )6=19A 7<B= B63 ;=23: B6@=C56 B63 =B63@ 3@@=@ B3@;A =4 B63 ;=23: <=B @3 >=@B32 7< B63 >/>3@ 6/D3 A7;7:/@ 16/@/1B3@7AB71A A6=E7<5 / 27;7<7A67<5 3O31B =D3@ B7;3 =< B63 D/@7/0:3A 3D3< B6=C56 / A6=19 B= B63 3@@=@ =4 B63 3?C/B7=< =4 B3<2A B= B/93 ;=@3 B7;3 B= 4/23 =CB /0=CB /<=B63@ G3/@ *63@3 7A B63@34=@3 <= 3D723<13 7<271/B7<5 B6/B A6=19A B= /<G =4 B63 3?C/B7=<A E7:: 1/CA3 / >3@;/<3<B 3O31B =< B63 D/@7/0:3A /A E=C:2 03 B63 1/A3 74 /<G =4 B63 A3@73A E=C:2 1=<B/7< / C<7B @==B =@ 6/D3 /<=B63@ 4=@; =4 <=<AB/B7=</@G B 7A B63@34=@3 A/43 B= 1=<1:C23 B6/B B63 3AB7;/B32 ,( ;=23: 7A AB/B7=</@G /<2 ;3/< @3D3@B7<5

$&'( # ( $"%$' ( $ # #( #,

*63 3D/:C/B7=< =4 B63 ,( ;=23: 7< )31B7=< A6=EA / 5==2 IB E7B6 B63 53<3@/: ;=23: /AAC;>B7=<A *63 3AB7;/B32 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F A6=C:2 B63@34=@3 03 / 5==2 @3>@3A3<B/B7=< =4 B63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=C@ =4 B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G )7<13 7B 7A 1=<AB@C1B32 /A / E3756B32 /D3@/53 =4 B63 1= 7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A 7B 7A =<:G / @3J31B7=< =4 B63 31=<=;71 A7BC/B7=< <=B /< 3AB7;/B3 =4 B63 A7H3 =4 B63 31=<=;G =@ B63 ;/5<7BC23 =4 5@=EB6 A AC16 7B 7A =<:G / @3>@3A3<B/B7=< =4 B63 1G1:71/: 2G</;71A =4 & /<2 1/< B6CA <=B 03 CA32 B= >@3271B B63 /1BC/: & 5@=EB6

75C@3 A6=EA B63 3AB7;/B32 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F /<2 B63 @3/: & G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 =D3@ B63 A/;>:3 >3@7=2 1=<A723@32 /A / A=:72 :7<3 /<2 0/@A @3A>31B7D3:G < B63 I5C@3 />>3/@A B= 03 / 5==2 IB =4 B63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=C@ 7< & *63 3AB7;/B32 1=@@3:/B7=< 03BE33< B63 BE= D/@7/0:3A 7A 6756 E6716 /:A= 1=<I@;A B67A I<27<5 A B63 1:=A3:G 4=::=EA B63 3D=:CB7=< =4 & =D3@ B7;3 7B 7A 7<B3@3AB7<5 B= <=B3 B63 >3@7=2 E7B6 B63 2=E<E/@2 B@3<2 =4 AB/@B7<5 /@=C<2 )3>B3;03@ =::=E7<5 B63 A:=E 231@3/A3 =4 & 5@=EB6 @/B3 1:3/@:G @3/163A / B@=C56 7< #/@16

A3D3@/: ;=<B6A 034=@3 B63 =<3 7< & 7A @3/1632 *63 BC@< C>E/@2 =4 B63 13:/<271 & 5@=EB6 @/B3 03BE33< 313;03@ /<2 #/@16 7A D3@G @/>72 7< 1=<B@/AB E7B6 B63 ;=@3 A;==B6 7<1@3/A3 =4E6716 /:@3/2G AB/@B32 7< #/@16 *67A /AG;;3B@71 036/D7=C@ =4 & AC553ABA B6/B

(16)

B63 ,( ;=23: ;756B 03 C</0:3 B= >@=>3@:G 1/>BC@3 /:: B63 2G</;71A =4 B63 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 /<2 >=AA70:G A=;3 <=<:7<3/@ ;=23: E=C:2 03 >@343@@32 7< B63 ;=23::7<5 >@=132C@3 *67A E/A /:A= >@=>=A32 0G &QBC@AA=< 3D3< B6=C56 B63 ABC2G CA32 G3/@:G 2/B/ =D3@ /< 3/@:73@ A/;>:3 >3@7=2 AG;;3B@71 43/BC@3A E3@3 /:A= @3>=@B32 7< 9:C<2 A6=E7<5 B6/B / @313AA7=< 7< B63 31=<=;G 7A 3/A73@ B= >@3271B B6/< /< 3F>/<A7=< $3D3@B63:3AA 03A723A <=B 1/>BC@7<5 B63 BC@<7<5 >=7<BA =4 B63 1G1:3 >@=>3@:G B63 6/A / 6756 1=@@3:/B7=< E7B6 & /<2 A6=C:2 B63@34=@3 03 1=<A723@32 / 5==2 ;3/AC@3 =4 B63 53<3@/: 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 -1.8 -1.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 s ep-99 jan-00 m a y -00 s ep-00 jan-01 m a y -01 s ep-01 jan-02 m a y -02 s ep-02 jan-03 m a y -03 s ep-03 jan-04 m a y -04 s ep-04 jan-05 m a y -05 s ep-05 jan-06

)& AB7;/B32 :7<3 /<2 @3/: & 7< G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 0/@A =B6 D/@7/0:3A AB/<2/@27H32 6/D7<5 / C<7B D/@7/<13

75C@3 A6=EA B63 >=7<B 4=@31/ABA =4 /A / E67B3 :7<3 >:=BB32 =D3@ B63 <7<3 ;=<B6A 4=@31/AB7<5 6=@7H=< *63 :/AB 43E =0A3@D/B7=<A 4@=; 75C@3 /@3 /:A= 7<1:C232 E63@3 30@C/@G 7A B63 :/AB =0A3@D/B7=< 7< B63 A/;>:3 *63 0==BAB@/> 1=<I23<13 7<B3@D/:A /@3 /:A= 7<1:C232 7< B63 I5C@3 /<2 /@3 3AB7;/B32 /A 23A1@7032 7< )31B7=< B 3/16 4=@31/AB AB3> 3/16 /@3/ 7< B63 27O3@3<B A6/23A =4 5@3G 1=<B/7<A B3< >3@ 13<B =4 B63 =0A3@D/B7=<A =4 B63 3;>7@71/: 4=@31/AB7<5 27AB@70CB7=< E67:3 B63 0:/19 /@3/ 7< B63 13<B@3 1=<B/7<A

(17)

BE3<BG >3@ 13<B *=53B63@ B63 27O3@3<B /@3/A 1=D3@ B63 E6=:3 4=@31/AB7<5 @/<53 =4 B63 /<2 1/< 03 D73E32 /A / 1=<B=C@ >:=B =4 B63 27AB@70CB7=< A AC16 B63G 1/< 03 CA32 27@31B:G 4=@ 6G>=B63A7A B3AB7<5 =@ 3F/;>:3 B63 @/<53 =4 B63 I4B6 4=@31/AB AB3> C:G 1=D3@A D/:C3A 4@=; /0=CB B7::

1:3/@:G 7<271/B7<5 B6/B 7A >=A7B7D3 *67A 7;>:73A / AB@=<5 5@=EB6 7< & /<2 4C@B63@ B3<23<173A =4 /< 3F>/<A7=< =4 B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G /B B67A >=7<B 7< B7;3 $=B3 B6/B B63 >=7<B 4=@31/ABA B63 E67B3 :7<3 /@3 :=1/B32 1:=A3 B= B63 13<B@3 =4 B63 27AB@70CB7=< B63 0:/19 /@3/ E6716 ;72>=7<B 7A B63 ;327/< =4 B63 4=@31/AB 27AB@70CB7=< *63 27AB@70CB7=< 7A B6CA 1:=A3 B= AG;;3B@71 /B B63 4=@31/AB AB3>A A6=E7<5 <= /AG;;3B@71 036/D7=C@ =4 B63 4=@31/ABA -0.9 -0.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 aug-05 s ep-05 oc t-05 nov -0 5 dec -0 5 jan-06 feb -0 6 ma r-0 6 a p r-0 6 ma y-0 6 jun-06 jul-06 aug-06 s ep-06 oc t-06 nov -0 6 -0.9 -0.4 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 aug-05 s ep-05 oc t-05 nov -0 5 dec -0 5 jan-06 feb -0 6 ma r-0 6 a p r-0 6 ma y-0 6 jun-06 jul-06 aug-06 s ep-06 oc t-06 nov -0 6

)& =@31/AB =4 /<2 1=<I23<13 7<B3@D/: =D3@ / <7<3 ;=<B6A 4=@31/AB7<5 6=@7H=< *63 E67B3 :7<3 1=@@3A>=<2A B= B63 >=7<B 4=@31/ABA 3/16 /@3/ 7< 5@3G A6/23A 1=D3@A =4 B63 4=@31/AB 27AB@70CB7=<A /<2 B63 0:/19 /@3/ 7< B63 13<B@3 1=D3@A

B 7A 1:3/@ 4@=; 75C@3 B6/B <=B C<B7: 7< B63 :/AB BE= 4=@31/AB AB3>A B63 4=@31/AB @/<53A =4 B63 /:: /@3 :=1/B32 /0=D3 H3@= 7<271/B7<5 AB@=<5 5@=EB6 =4 13:/<271 & =D3@ B67A B7;3 >3@7=2 *63 I@AB B7;3 B63 4=@31/AB @/<53 1=D3@A H3@= 7A 7< %1B=03@ E63@3 03BE33< ID3 /<2 B3< >3@ 13<B =4

(18)

B63 =0A3@D/B7=<A /@3 <35/B7D3 7D3< / 6G>=B63A7A B3AB =< 4=@ 3F/;>:3 B63

:3D3: B3AB7<5 74 7A 3?C/: B= H3@= E=C:2 B63< <=B 03 @3831B32 *67A @3AC:B E=C:2 AC553AB ;7:2 5@=EB6 =4 & B67A ;=<B6 =@ >=AA70:G <= 5@=EB6 /B /:: < $=D3;03@ B67A 7A ;=@3 /113<BC/B32 E63@3 03BE33< /<2

>3@ 13<B =4 B63 =0A3@D/B7=<A /@3 <35/B7D3 7<271/B7<5 /< 3D3< ;7:23@ 5@=EB6 =4 & =@ /< 3D3@ :/@53@ >=AA707:7BG =4 <= =@ <35/B7D3 5@=EB6 *63A3 @3AC:BA 7<271/B3 B6/B B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G E7:: 1=<B7<C3 B= 6/D3 / AB@=<5 5@=EB6 =4 & =D3@ B63 I@AB B6@33 ?C/@B3@A =4 E67:3 B63 31=<=;G A6=EA A=;3 B3<23<173A B= ;=D3 B=E/@2A / @313AA7=< A=;3 B7;3 7< B63 :/AB ;=<B6A =4

$#!)' $#'

*67A >/>3@ 6/A 23A1@7032 / A7;>:3 ;3B6=2 4=@ A3:31B7<5 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 0/A32 =< B63 /</:GA7A =4 B63 1=@@3:/B7=< AB@C1BC@3 03 BE33< 1/<272/B3 D/@7/0:3A /<2 B63 G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 =4 & *67A ;3B6=2 6/A 033< />>:732 B= B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G E63@3 A3D3@/: 1=7<1723<B D/@7 /0:3A /<2 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A 6/D3 033< 723<B7I32 *63 <C;03@ =4 >=AA70:3 1=;07</B7=<A =4 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 D/@7/0:3A B6/B 1/< 03 7<1:C232 7< B63 ;=23::7<5 >@=132C@3 7A D3@G :/@53 %<:G / 6/<24C: =4 D/@7/0:3A 6/D3 B63@34=@3 033< /</:GA32 B6=@=C56:G :3/D7<5 B63 ;/8=@7BG =4 B63 >=AA70:3 1=;07</B7=<A 4=@ :/B3@ ABC273A

*= ;=23: B63 @3:/B7=<A67> 03BE33< 1=7<1723<B /<2 :3/27<5 D/@7/0:3A /<2 B= 1=<AB@C1B / 1=;>=A7B3 1=7<1723<B 7<23F @3>@3A3<B7<5 B63 13:/<271 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3 2G</;71A / D31B=@ /CB=@35@3AA7D3 ,( ;=23: 6/A 033< A>317 I32 /<2 3AB7;/B32 D/:C/B32 =D3@ / >A3C2= 6=:2 =CB A/;>:3 E3756BA 4=@ 1=< AB@C1B7<5 B636/D3 033< 3AB7;/B32 0/A32 =< B63 7<D3@A3 =4 B63 (#) *63 3D/:C/B7=< =4 B63 ;=23: A6=EA <= D7=:/B7=< =4 ;=23: /AAC;>B7=<A A6=E 7<5 B6/B B63 1G1:71/: 036/D7=C@ =4 B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G 7A A/B7A4/1B=@G 3AB7 ;/B32 0G B63 /:A= 7<271/B32 0G B63 6756 1=@@3:/B7=< 03BE33< B63 7<23F /<2 B63 G3/@:G & 5@=EB6 @/B3

< / I</: 3F3@17A3 >=7<B 4=@31/ABA /<2 1=<I23<13 7<B3@D/:A =4 B63 /@3 3AB7;/B32 CA7<5 / 0==BAB@/> 4=@31/AB7<5 ;3B6=2 =D3@ / <7<3 ;=<B6A 4=@3 1/AB7<5 6=@7H=< *63 ;3B6=2 7A D3@G B7;3 1=<AC;7<5 /<2 1=;>CB/B7=</::G 7<B3<A7D3 0CB >@=2C13A <=B =<:G / >=7<B 4=@31/AB 0CB /:A= / @3/:7H/B7=< =4 B63 4=@31/AB 27AB@70CB7=< *67A @3/:7H/B7=< 1/< A3@D3 /A / 0/A7A 4=@ 1=<AB@C1B 7<5 4=@31/AB 1=<I23<13 7<B3@D/:A /<2 4=@ 6G>=B63A7A B3AB7<5 </:GH7<5 B63 @3AC:BA 4@=; B63 4=@31/AB7<5 >@=132C@3 B63@3 7A / AB@=<5 7<271/B7=< B6/B B63 13:/<271 31=<=;G E7:: 1=<B7<C3 B= 6/D3 / AB@=<5 5@=EB6 =4 B63 & =D3@ B63 I@AB B6@33 ?C/@B3@A =4 "/B3@ 7< %1B=03@ /<2 $=D3;03@ B63 31=<=;G A6=EA A=;3 B3<23<173A =4 ;=D7<5 B=E/@2A / @313AA7=<

(19)

&#'

(%!& ! ' K#3/AC@7<5 0CA7<3AA 1G1:3AL

'(& " (&"&& + & "# * #%

!.&&"! * .&&"! ( (!&&"! (&&"!

/!&/''% +&&"! ! -'(%&&"! K'##

?C/@B3@:G ;/1@=31=<=;71 ;=23: =4 B63 13:/<271 31=<=;GL 3<B@/: /<9 =4 13:/<2 -=@97<5 &/>3@A $=

(! K&@3271B7<5 @313AA7=<A E7B6 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A < /> >:71/B7=< =< B63 13:/<271 31=<=;GL 3<B@/: /<9 =4 13:/<2 -=@97<5 &/>3@A $=

(! ! %,&)%' K*3AB7<5 B63 1=<AB/<1G =4 B63

3@@=@ 1=D/@7/<13 ;/B@7F 7< D31B=@ ;=23:AL#(%" # #"#!'%& =@B6 1=;7<5

%!% ! %,&)%' # " "#" "%

#"#! % '#"&$& %F4=@2 %F4=@2 +<7D3@A7BG &@3AA

(#' ! '"! K=;07</B7=< =4 =@31/ABA <

FB3<A7=<L"!"' " M

'"! ! %& " +&& &@7<13B=< &@7<13B=< +<7 D3@A7BG &@3AA

%$( ! % KN173<B B3ABA 4=@ <=@;/:7BG 6=

;=A932/AB717BG /<2 A3@7/: 7<23>3<23<13 =4 @35@3AA7=< @3A72C/:AL#"#!& ''%& M

!(& K#/F7;C; "793:76==2 AB7;/B7=< =4 B63 ") #=23:

E7B6 +<9<=E< &/@/;3B3@A 7< B63 7ABC@0/<13 =D/@7/<13 #/B@7FL #(% " # #"#!'%& M

%!" K"3/27<5 7<271/B=@A -6/B 6/D3 E3 :3/@<32L 7<

"## # #"#! #%&'" 32 0G ::7=BB - @/<53@

/<2 *7;;3@;/<< :A3D73@

""% ! &! K<271/B=@A =4 0CA7<3AA 3F>/<A7=<A

/<2 1=<B@/1B7=<AL $( %11/A7=</: &/>3@ $=

-'(%&&"! KCA7<3AA G1:3 =@31/AB7<5 /<2 (357;3 )E7B16 7<5L 3<B@/: /<9 =4 13:/<2 -=@97<5 &/>3@A $=

(20)

& K#/1@=31=<=;71A /<2 (3/:7BGL #"#!'% M

'" ! '&"! K$3E 7<23F3A =4 1=7<1723<B

/<2 :3/27<5 31=<=;71 7<271/B=@AL 7< %##"#!& ""( 32 0G % :/<16/@2 /<2 ) 7A163@ >> M #* &@3AA

%,&)%' K=@31/AB7<5 1=<=;71 ,/@7/0:3A E7B6 $=<:7<3/@

#=23:AL 7<"## # #"#! #%&'" 32 0G ::7=BB - @/<53@ /<2 *7;;3@;/<< :A3D73@ % !! K=@31/AB =;07</B7=<AL 7< "## # # "#! #%&'" 32 0G ::7=BB - @/<53@ /<2 *7;;3@ ;/<< :A3D73@

(21)

%%# , !'

! =@31/ABA ;3/< A?C/@32 3@@=@A #) /<2 @==B ;3/< A?C/@32 4=@31/AB 3@@=@ (#) =4 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A /<2 16=A3< :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A =D3@ / 6=:2 =CB A/;>:3

=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A "3/27<5 7<271/B=@A # ,( ( $,( ( .$ #) #) #) #) #) #) #) #) #) (#)

(22)

! #=23: >/@/;3B3@A 3AB7;/B32 0G 53<3@/:7H32 :3/AB A?C/@3A AB/<2/@2 23D7/B7=<A =4 3/16 >/@/;3B3@A 03:=E 7< >/@3<B63A7A

# ,( # $,( $,( (( ( (.$ # $,( ( ( ( .$ ,( ,( # $,( ( (.$ .$,( ( ,( # $,( ( ( ( .$ .$ .$( $,( ,(# $,( $,( ( ( ( (($,* ( ,(# $,( $,( ( ( ( ( .$.$( .$ ,(,( # $,((( ( ( .$ .$ .$.$

(23)

! +<7D/@7/B3 /@?C33@/ B3ABA =4 <=@;/:7BG =4 @3A72C/: D31B=@A )93E<3AA !C@B=A7A D/:C3 >D/:C3

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

(24)

%%# , )&'

-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

CEM IFB VRA CRED

)& ;>C:A3 @3A>=<A3 =D3@;=<B6A =< B63 G3/@:G 5@=EB6 @/B3 =4 B63 AB/B3 =4 B63 31=<=;G /<2 =< B63 :3/27<5 7<271/B=@A =4 / C<7B A6=19 B=

B63 3@@=@ =4

(25)

-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

NVR RIH YBN CCI

)& ;>C:A3 @3A>=<A3 =D3@;=<B6A =< B63 1=7<1723<B D/@7/0:3A =4 / C<7B A6=19 B=

B63 3@@=@ =4

References

Related documents

Chest X-ray and CT show spontaneous regression of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis in the present case. (A) Right upper mass (arrow) in

The Forth Replacement Crossing is currently being built across the Firth of Forth to maintain and improve reliability of a vital transport link in Scotland. The total length of the

As weights we use the number of students completing the evaluation forms in each class, because the error variances in the average teaching ratings are larger the fewer

Specifically, the risk is considered as the area of the distribution of the arrival time fell after the latest time of the time window, and the mean of the arrival time is

These processes were investigated at the Soufrie`re Hills Volcano, Montserrat, between 30 March and 10 April 2006, using a ground-based imaging millimeter-wave radar, AVTIS, to

All the figures and tables should be labeled (Times New Roman 11) and included in list of figures and list of tables respectively.

The purpose of the study is to optimise buffer size according to the general network loading states and also according to the interconnected IPs throughput.. The traffic