学校编码:10384 分类号 密级 学号:19920121152727 UDC
硕 士 学 位 论 文
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀
磨削软件开发
Development on Grinding Software of Solid Carbide
End-Mill used for Aviation Aluminum Alloy Processing
陈 站
指导教师姓名:姚 斌 教 授
专 业 名 称:机械制造及其自动化
论文提交日期:2015 年 04 月
论文答辩时间:2015 年 05 月
学位授予日期:2015 年 06 月
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评 阅 人:
2015 年 04 月
厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
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厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
摘 要 I
摘 要
刀具在机械制造业中占有相当重要的地位,伴随着国内航空航天领域的快速 发展,特别是随着我国大型客机、军用飞机等国家重点项目的启动,航空铝合金 加工专用刀具的需求量急剧增加。虽然国内刀具厂商和学者开展了大量研究工作, 但是制造出的高性能刀具依然不能够满足航空高端制造的需求,国内高档航空铝 合金刀具市场基本上被国外刀具企业垄断,严重制约着我国航空航天工业的进步 和发展。 在此背景下,论文围绕着“面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软 件开发” 课题开展了研究,基于刀具复杂曲面建模及成形理论,建立四种航空刀 具的结构几何参数数学模型,对砂轮磨削刀具的刀位轨迹进行研究,开发一款航 空铝合金专用整体铣刀磨削软件。论文主要内容包括以下几个方面: (1)分析螺旋面磨削成形原理,对螺旋槽的端面截形进行了理论计算和分析, 得到端截形的理论曲线。为了获取更精确地螺旋槽槽型,基于 UG/OPEN GRIP 二次 开发和布尔减运算对螺旋槽磨削进行模拟仿真,通过对比理论曲线和仿真曲线, 对磨削砂轮的安装角、中心距、偏心距进行修正。 (2)四种航空刀具的建模。基于铣刀的成形原理建立圆柱螺旋立铣刀的数学 模型;通过引入 Frenet 活动框架并以等螺旋角刃形曲线为研究,建立球头立铣刀 的前刀面和后刀面的砂轮磨削加工刀轨模型;分析插铣刀和钻头的结构几何参数, 建立直线刃插铣刀和抛物线槽型钻头的数学模型。 (3)建立一种“P”型结构的 CNC 五轴联动工具磨床的虚拟样机,将刀具的 数学模型转化为砂轮磨削的刀位轨迹,分别对球头立铣刀、钻头和插铣刀进行实 例模拟仿真,验证数学模型的正确性。 (4)采用面向 Windows 应用程序的开发环境 Visual C++6.0,基于四种航空 刀具的数学模型,开发一款航空铝合金专用整体铣刀磨削软件。 关键字:航空铝合金;整体硬质合金铣刀;数控加工;模拟仿真;软件开发厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软件开发
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Abstract
III
Abstract
Cutting tool in the mechanical manufacturing industry occupies an very important position. Along with the rapid development of the domestic aviation and aerospace industry, especially along with the starting of large aircraft, military aircraft and other state-level project in China, the demand for special tools to process aviation aluminum alloy become in sharp increase. Although domestic tools domestic manufacturers and scholars conducted a large number of research work, but production of high-performance tool still can not meet the needs of high-end manufacturing. The domestic high-grade aircraft aluminum alloy tools market is basically monopolized by foreign enterprises,which seriously restricts the progress and development of aerospace industry in China.
Under this background, the paper carried out research around "Development on Grinding Software of Solid Carbide End-Mill used for Aaviation Aluminum Alloy Processing". Based on the complex curved surface modeling and theory of forming tool,the paper built structural geometric parameter mathematical model of four kinds aviation aluminum alloy cutting tools, and studied the tool path of grinding wheel grinding tools, and developed a milling cutter grinding software used for aviation aluminum alloy processing. The paper main contents are as follows:
(1)Analysis the forming principle of helical surface grinding. the theoretical calculation and analysis of helical groove sectional shape has been carried out, and the sectional shape of the theoretical curve was attained. In order to get more precise helical groove type, based on UG/OPEN GRIP secondary development and Boolean subtraction operation of helical groove grinding simulation, by comparing the theoretical curve with simulation curve of the grinding wheel installation Angle, center distance, eccentricity.
(2)Modeling of four kinds of aviation tool. Based on the forming principle of the milling cutter and profile processing end mill mathematical model is established; By
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软件开发
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introducing the Frenet frame and the constant helix angle of blade shape curve as constraint conditions, a ball end mill of the rake surface and the flank surface grinding wheel machining tool path trajectory was established; structural geometric parameters of the plug cutter and drill is Analyzed, the mathematical model of the straight blade plug cutter and the parabolic trough type drill is established.
(3)A virtual prototype of the "P" model of the CNC five-axis linkage tool grinding machine was establish. The mathematical model of the cutting tool into was translated into the tool path of grinding wheel grinding.For ball end mill, drill and plug cutter was simulated respectively, and the correctness of the mathematical model is verified.
(4)Using Visual C++6.0 development environment of the Windows application, a milling cutter grinding software used for aviation aluminum alloy processing was developed based on the mathematical model of four kinds of aviation tools.
Keywords: Aviation Aluminum Alloy; Solid Carbide End-Mill; CNC Machining;
Simulation; Software Development
目 录 V
目 录
摘 要 ... I
Abstract ... III
目 录 ... V
CONTENTS ... IX
图表索引 ... XIII
第一章 绪论 ... 1
1.1 课题来源与研究意义 ... 1 1.1.1 课题来源 ... 1 1.1.2 课题的研究意义 ... 1 1.2 国内外刀具成形技术研究的综述 ... 2 1.2.1 圆柱螺旋立铣刀磨削成形技术的研究 ... 2 1.2.2 球头立铣刀磨削成形技术的研究 ... 3 1.2.3 插铣刀和钻头磨削成形技术的研究 ... 5 1.2.4 刀具磨削制造软件的研究 ... 6 1.3 论文的主要研究内容 ... 7第二章 圆柱螺旋立铣刀磨削加工刀轨计算研究 ... 9
2.1 圆柱螺旋立铣刀结构几何参数分析 ... 9 2.2 端截面槽型理论计算和模拟仿真 ... 10 2.2.1 端截面槽型的理论计算 ... 10 2.2.2 基于 UG/OPEN GRIP 二次开发螺旋槽的模拟仿真 ... 14 2.3 立铣刀数学模型的建立 ... 15 2.3.1 圆柱立铣刀的螺旋槽磨制原理 ... 15 2.3.2 螺旋面数学模型的建立 ... 16厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软件开发 VI 2.3.3 螺旋槽槽宽数学模型的建立 ... 18 2.3.4 周刃后角数学模型的建立 ... 19 2.3.5 底刃后角数学模型的建立 ... 21 2.4 本章小结 ... 22
第三章 球头立铣刀磨削加工刀轨计算研究 ... 23
3.1 球头立铣刀的特点 ... 23 3.1.1 球头立铣刀的优点 ... 23 3.1.2 球头立铣刀的缺点 ... 24 3.2 球面位置刀刃曲线方程计算 ... 24 3.2.1 等导程刀刃形线的求解 ... 24 3.2.2 等螺旋角刀刃形线的求解 ... 26 3.3 球头立铣刀前、后刀面数学模型的建立 ... 27 3.3.1 基于 Frenet 标架建立的前刀面数学模型 ... 28 3.3.2 基于 Frenet 标架建立的后刀面数学模型 ... 32 3.4 基于三维仿真软件实例模拟仿真 ... 34 3.5 本章小结 ... 36第四章 直槽插铣刀和钻头磨削加工刀轨计算研究 ... 37
4.1 插铣刀的结构几何参数、加工原理和加工方式分析 ... 37 4.1.1 直槽插铣刀的结构几何参数 ... 37 4.1.2 插铣刀的加工原理 ... 38 4.1.3 插铣刀的加工方式 ... 38 4.2 插铣刀磨削成形研究 ... 38 4.2.1 周刃后角数学模型的建立 ... 39 4.2.2 端刃后角数学模型的建立 ... 40 4.2.3 刀尖圆弧角数学模型的建立 ... 41 4.3 钻头的结构几何参数和后刀面刃磨方法分析 ... 42 4.3.1 钻头的结构几何参数 ... 42 4.3.2 钻头的后刀面刃磨方法 ... 43厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
目 录 VII 4.4 钻头磨削成形研究 ... 44 4.4.1 螺旋槽数学模型的建立 ... 44 4.4.2 后刀面数学模型的建立 ... 46 4.5 基于三维仿真软件实例模拟仿真 ... 49 4.5.1 两刃插铣刀模拟仿真 ... 49 4.5.2 两刃外冷钻头模拟仿真 ... 50 4.6 本章小结 ... 51
第五章 航空铝合金专用整体铣刀五轴磨削软件开发 ... 53
5.1 软件的总体设计 ... 53 5.2 软件的模块组成 ... 55 5.2.1 整体铣刀参数模块 ... 55 5.2.2 砂轮参数模块 ... 58 5.2.3 代码自动生成模块 ... 62 5.3 本章小结 ... 64第六章 总结与展望 ... 65
6.1 总结 ... 65 6.2 展望 ... 66参考文献 ... 67
致 谢 ... 71
硕士期间科研成果 ... 73
攻读硕士期间所获奖励 ... 73
厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软件开发
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CONTENTS
IX
CONTENTS
Abstract in Chinese ... I
Abstract in English ... III
Contents in Chinese ... V
Contents in English ... IX
List of Figures and Tables ... XIII
List of Figures and Tables ... 1
1.1 Subject source and significance of research ... 1
1.1.1 The subject source ... 1
1.1.2 Significance of research ... 1
1.2 Research status of domestic and abroad ... 2
1.2.1 Study on Cylinder-end mill grinding machining ... 2
1.2.2 Study on Ball-end mill grinding machining ... 3
1.2.3 Study on Plug cutter and Drill grinding machining ... 5
1.2.4 Study on Tool grinding manufacturing software ... 6
1.3 Main content of the paper ... 7
Chapter 2 Tool Path Calculation of Cylinder End Mill ... 9
2.1 Structural geometric parameters ... 9
2.2 Theoretical calculation and simulation of section profile shape ... 10
2.2.1 Theoretical calculation ... 10
2.2.2 Simulation ... 14
2.3 Establishment of mathematical model ... 15
2.3.1 Analysis of helical groove grinding the forming principle... 15
2.3.2 Mathematical model of helical surface ... 16
2.3.3 Mathematical model of helical groove width ... 18
2.3.4 Mathematical model of relief angle ... 19
2.3.5 Mathematical model of face angle ... 21
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软件开发
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2.4 Chapter conclusions ... 22
Chapter 3 Tool Path Calculation of Ball End Mill ... 23
3.1 Characteristics of ball end mill ... 23
3.1.1 Advantages ... 23
3.1.2 Disadvantages ... 24
3.2 Calculation of blade curve equation... 24
3.2.1 Blade shape curve of constant equivalent lead ... 24
3.2.2 Blade shape curve of constant helix angle ... 26
3.3 Establishment of mathematical model ... 27
2.3.1 Mathematical model of rake surface ... 28
2.3.2 Mathematical model of flank surface ... 32
3.4 3D simulation software for instance simulation ... 34
3.5 Chapter conclusions ... 36
Chapter 4 Tool Path Calculation of Plug cutter and Drill ... 37
4.1 Structure geometry parameter and machining principle and machining way of plug cutter ... 37
4.1.1 Structure geometry parameter ... 37
4.1.2 Machining principle ... 38
4.1.3 Machining way ... 38
4.2 Research on grinding forming of plug cutter ... 38
4.2.1 Mathematical model of relief angle ... 39
4.2.2 Mathematical model of face angle ... 40
4.2.3 Mathematical model of arc angle ... 41
4.3 Structure geometry parameter and flank surface grinding method
of
drill ... 424.3.1 Structure geometry parameter ... 42
4.3.2 flank surface grinding method ... 43
4.4 Research on grinding forming of drill ... 44
厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
CONTENTS
XI
4.4.1 Mathematical model of helix groove ... 44
4.4.2 Mathematical model of flank surface ... 46
4.5 3D simulation software for instance simulation ... 49
4.5.1 Simulation of two blade plug cutter ... 49
4.5.2 Simulation of two blade drill ... 50
4.6 Chapter conclusions ... 51
Chapter 5 Development of Aviation Aluminum Alloy Special Milling
Cutter of five-axis grinding software ... 53
5.1 Design of the software ... 53
5.2 Software modules ... 55
5.2.1 Milling cutterparameter module ... 55
5.2.2 Grinding wheel parameter module ... 58
5.2.3 Code module ... 62
5.3 Chapter conclusions ... 64
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Prospect ... 65
6.1 Conclusion ... 65
6.2 Prospect ... 66
References ... 67
Acknowledgement ... 71
Paper Published and Patents ... 73
Honour Received ... 73
厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库
面向航空铝合金加工用整体硬质合金铣刀磨制软件开发
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