KT KT
“The Value Networking Company”
“The Value Networking Company”
IRIMS IRIMS
(Internet Routing Information (Internet Routing Information
Management System) Management System)
2005. 9 2005. 9
Y.D. KIM, G.E.KIM, C.K.Hwang, J.H.YOO Y.D. KIM, G.E.KIM, C.K.Hwang, J.H.YOO (webman(webman, , gekimgekim, , ckhwangckhwang, , styoostyoo@@ktkt.co..co.krkr))
Abstract
An AS (Autonomous System) consists of routers and links that managed by an operations organization, which uses a single IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) for its internal routing. The Internet is composed of many independent ASs that exchange reachability information to destinations using BGP(Border Gateway Protocol). These routing protocols are used to determine the path of packets and control traffic via routing policies.
For the effective management and stable operation of service and network, the existing management platform based on physical port management is needed to add the way to manage the logical routing information of network. Especially, routing instability that is informally defined as the rapid change of network reachability and topology is caused by the inflow and error of abnormal routing information, which critically affects the operation of the entire network causing forwarding loops, packet loss, delayed convergence time and unintended creation of paths between hosts.
Therefore, it is necessary for ISPs to monitor and analyze Internet routing information.
This paper describes the design and implementation of IRIMS, the Internet Routing Information Management System, a system that manages routing information (prefix). It has an on-line measurement function which collects route update and flaps information on peered routers. It analyzes routing information from PDU which has a lot of
additional attributes such as origin, community, originator-id, local-pref and nexthop etc.
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I. Introduction I. Introduction
Conceptual Model
Conceptual Model Hello, My Name is IRIMS!
I peer with routers in service, and I collect real-time Routing Information.
I look into IS-IS and BGP so that make logical topology in the AS and session topology for BGP.
If The Traffic is overflowed in service networks , I search for reason then make report for this.
Hello, My Name is IRIMS!
I peer with routers in service, and I collect real-time Routing Information.
I look into IS-IS and BGP so that make logical topology in the AS and session topology for BGP.
If The Traffic is overflowed in service networks , I search for reason then make report for this.
1. Introduction
The analysis of BGP routing information and Internet routing instabilities have been well studied in the last few years. The studies have been published examining the issues of Internet instability utilizing trace routing information[1][2][3][4]. In these studies, detailed research was conducted on Routing Instability and Route Oscillation, where they defined those as the rapid change of network reachability and topology information.
They concluded that Internet routing instability has three primary effects: increased packet loss, delays in network convergence, and additional resource overheard within the Internet infrastructure. However, these studies didn’t look into IGP.
Among the IGPs, LSP (Link State Protocol) such as IS-IS and OSPF, fixes many of the issues with RIP(Routing Information Protocol) and allows routes to be selected
dynamically based on the state of network, not just a static picture of how routers are connected. For the performance improvements to the network convergence times of the customer's network, LSP(IS-IS) prevents flooding from using CSNPs for database synchronization, and simplifies SPF (shortest path first) computations. The LSP is so swift that the SNMP that is the de facto standard for collecting data in today’s Internet is not fit for management of LSP.
Because of depending on the periodic method of polling, the SNMP has limitation to collect and express by real-time link’s status that is dynamically changing of logical
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II. Overview of IRIMS II. Overview of IRIMS
Manage Real
Manage Real- -Time system Topology of The Logical Time system Topology of The Logical Network with Peering.
Network with Peering.
Monitor The Internet Routing Information by Real Monitor The Internet Routing Information by Real- - Time System and Detect Abnormal Routing Time System and Detect Abnormal Routing information through History Management.
information through History Management.
Analyze The Internet Routing Stability and The Analyze The Internet Routing Stability and The Property of Routing Protocol Traffic.
Property of Routing Protocol Traffic.
Support Network
Support Network’ ’s Designer and Operator to s Designer and Operator to determine Network Design and Policy
determine Network Design and Policy
Key Features Key Features
2. Features of IRIMS
The IRIMS has engineered a full suite of high-performance features for analyzing routing information and managing logical network topology as part of its main purposes.
These features are designed to provide a flexible end-to-end solution for analyzing routing information with high levels of monitoring capabilities to detect any abnormal routing information.
These features include:
• Manage Real-Time system Topology of The Logical Network with Peering for real-time monitoring.
• Monitor The Internet Routing Information by Real-Time System and Detect Abnormal Routing information from historical analysis.
• Analyze The Internet Routing Stability and The Property of Routing Protocol Traffic.
• Support Network’s designer and operator to determine Network Design and Policy that is important in keeping network healthy.
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III. Link State Protocol III. Link State Protocol
pseudonode ip 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0
Type of Nodes Type of Nodes
ª 1) ES: End System ª 2) IS: Intermediate System
ª 3) PseudoNode: Broadcast Network (like as LAN) Link Information
ª 1) Link : LSP’s Neighbor Information.
ª 2) IP information: LSP’s Interface, Prefix Information.
ª 3) SPF(Shortest Path First): Other routers in the area use the pseudonode’s LSP in their SPF calculations for networks.
ª 4) DIS: Designated IS (Router): Generate PseudoNode
3. Introduction of LSP
Link State Protocols such as IS-IS and OSPF are used to communicate routing information between routers within an AS. In this paper, we focus on IS-IS that is introduced into our networks.
In the IS-IS’s propagation step, a new link-state packet (LSP) reflecting the topology after the change is flooded to all the other routers in the network. The Designated IS (DIS) creates a logical router called a pseudonode when routers connected via broadcast network like as LAN . Each router on the LAN forms an adjacency to the pseudonode, as well as to each other. The DIS generates one advertisement for the entire LAN network, on behalf of the pseudonode, rather than each router’s advertising the same LAN network. Other routers in the area use the pseudonode’s LSP in their SPF calculations for that network. The DIS also ensures that all the routers on the LAN maintain synchronized databases by sending periodic CSNPs out onto the LAN. Despite the critical role of the DIS in LSP flooding, no backup DIS is elected for either Level 1 or Level 2 in IS-IS protocol. Fortunately, this doesn't turn out to be a contentious problem because of the frequency of periodic database synchronization that occurs on
broadcast links. In the shortest path calculation step, each router having received the new LSP computes the new routes using a shortest path tree algorithm. Typically,
5 5 Glorbal ISP
Glorbal HUB
Aggregator
Guro KIX Heahwa KIX
Guro Center Heahwa Center Glorbal GW
Domestic ISP Domestic ISP
BGP Protocol
Module BGP Protocol
Module
SNMP/CLI Collecting Module SNMP/CLI Collecting Module ISIS
Protocol Module
ISIS Protocol
Module Routing Protocol Processor Routing Protocol Processor Routing Protocol Manager Routing Protocol Manager
DB Mediator
DB Mediator
IS-IS DB IS-IS DB BGP DB BGP DB RIB DB RIB DB Statistic Report Generator Statistic Report Generator Application Services
Application Services
IRIMS IRIMS
Making
BGP/IS-IS Neighborhood Making
BGP/IS-IS Neighborhood
IV. Software Architecture of IRIMS IV. Software Architecture of IRIMS
Software Architecture Software Architecture
Web browsers Web browsers
4. Software architecture
The IRIMS’s software architecture is illustrated in figure. Our designed software architecture for the IRIMS is multi-tier software architecture based on web service technologies that end users use web browser to manage the network.
In the following, we briefly explain the behavior of Software Module:
1) Application Service module: This module is built to be interoperable between user’s web browsers and server systems. It provides the whole NMS biz logic, including: configuration management, fault management, performance management and so on. Also this module does the security related work. The functions are authorization and access control.
2) Statistic Report Generator: This module generate report files with Excel format for client.
3) Routing Protocol Manager module : This module analyzes task that come from Application Services module and dispatches them to sub modules or just do them by itself.
It produce historical routing information that explains what is different between old prefixes and new ones.
4) Routing Protocol Processor module: It is based on the lower layer modules. It has functions of storage Real-time routing information, Managing Sub-modules.
5) DB Mediator: All the database access related actions must use DB Access Module. There are many ways to implement db access module in IRIMS, such as using TP monitor, or
Entity Beans for EJB (Enterprise Java Beans). Database access module can also send event messages to given destinations using JMS (Java Message Service).
6) SNMP/CLI Module: This modules use SNMP API to communicate with SNMP agents. To manage configuration files, we design CLI module. We use CLI collecting module to backup configuration files and analyzes policy information.
7) BGP/IS-IS Protocol Module: BGP/IS-IS Protocol Module were implemented as a module for the ZebOS routing software that is commercial version of Zebra and it is adjusted to our project and platforms. The router treats the IRIMS in the same way as other peering routers, hence it forwards to all routing information that it receives from the rest of networks and exchanges routing
information. So it is very important to decouple network management from services of network.
This problem has been handled by setting of LSP’s overload-bit and routing filter in the peering routers.
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V. Implementation of IRIMS V. Implementation of IRIMS
5. Implementation of map
The IS-IS’s update process generates link state packets, based on the adjacency database built by the functions, which the router advertises to all its neighbors in link- state packets.
A router also receives similar link state information from every adjacent neighbor, keeps copies of link state packets received, and re-advertises them to other neighbors.
The link state packet’s header has many information of links status like as Remaining- lifetime, Attached bits, Overload bit, IS Type and it’s TLV fields be included in different kinds of routing information that is made of Link-State database. Routers in an area maintain identical Level 1 Link-State databases, which are synchronized using SNPs.
This means that routers in an area will have identical views of the area topology, which is necessary for routing consistency within the area.
A Level 2 Link-State database contains area prefix information that ties all the areas together for inter-area routing.
The IS-IS Forwarding database, which is made up of only best IS-IS routes, is fed into the Routing Information Base, essentially the IP routing table of a router to be used in packet-switching decisions.
The DB schema for map is designed to store routing information data from the router to the IRIMS and update topology data.
As illustrated in figure, the Nodes table provides linkage of history table and SystemID,
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V. Implementation of IRIMS V. Implementation of IRIMS
IS-IS MAP start
Analyze LSP’s Neighbor, Prefix, Metric, Link’s status
Analyze Peer Nodes Information
Is there Peer Nodes?
Trigger of MAP regeneration (Transport link’s Status/Alarm Event that headed SystemID)
Is it redundant? Display nodes on Client’s Screen
YES NO
YES NO Collecting SystemID from ORG Table.
5. Implementation of map
Figure shows the overall process to create a IS-IS map.
At this point, we assume that such operator’s organizations are pre-defined. In the following, we briefly explain the behavior of the flow chart procedure that create a IS-IS map:
[Step 1] First, we collect an all SystemID from pre-defined ORG and follow next steps for generating first MAP. Next time, Link’s event and status information that bring about MAP regeneration is transmited from event provider. Then we get information of peer nodes from LSP’s neighbor TLV (Type Length and Value).
[Step 2] We analyze peer nodes, link’s status, prefix, metric, neighbor information from TLVs.
[Step 3] If there is some redundance of link, It gets rid of these information.
[Step 4] Supposed to hasn’t any peer nodes, It displays nodes on client’s screen.
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V. Implementation of IRIMS V. Implementation of IRIMS
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3
Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6
5. Implementations of IRIMS
The IRIMS implements following function of management:
Logical network connection topology management (Figure 1, 2)
- Indicate MAP & monitor condition of ISIS connection topology - Function to manage the condition of BGP session topology
- Function to manage the information of AS (Autonomous System) connection - Function to report using SNMP Trap the failure of real-time system
- Function to interwork TTA (Traffic Threshold Alarm system) Routing basic information history management ( Figure 3)
- Function to manage BGP & ISIS routing information history
- Function to maintain, change, and manage BGP/ IS-IS RIB (Routing Information Base)
- Function to manage statistical routing & failure information Collection & Analysis of Routing information
- Function to directly interconnect using BGP/ IS-IS routing protocol - Function to analyze BGP/ IS-IS routing information
- Function to detect abnormal routing information that be caused of BGP/IS-IS flapping
- Function to detect overload capacity of BGP/IS-IS prefix
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VI. Conclusion & Future Work VI. Conclusion & Future Work
Enable stable operation of The Internet network through routing Enable stable operation of The Internet network through routing information management.
information management.
Guarantee network service quality through abnormal routing Guarantee network service quality through abnormal routing information is recognized by real
information is recognized by real--time monitoring.time monitoring.
Guarantee the stability of network equipment through resolving Guarantee the stability of network equipment through resolving routing instability.
routing instability.
The plan of effective routing policy and effective analysis base The plan of effective routing policy and effective analysis based d on data.
on data.
When logical network failure occurs by abnormal routing When logical network failure occurs by abnormal routing information, analyze cause and administer rapidly.
information, analyze cause and administer rapidly.
6.Conclusion and Future Work
The implementation of IRIMS for KOREA Telecom has two different objectives.
The first one is to assist the managing, administrating and operating people for monitoring and controlling the whole KOREA Telecom's network services.
The other is to provide routing information for designing and planning networks.
Consequently, it makes the provisioning of core network smooth and swift and thus enhances customers' satisfaction in a solid way.
It makes benefits in five aspect of ISP.
- Enable stable operation of The Internet network through routing information management.
- Guarantee network service quality through abnormal routing information is recognized by real- time monitoring.
- Guarantee the stability of network equipment through resolving routing instability.
- The plan of effective routing policy and effective analysis based on data.
- When logical network failure occurs by abnormal routing information, analyze cause and administrate rapidly.
We also plan to extend our implementation to in other deployed routing protocols such as OSPF and to simulate traffic’s data for analyzing correlation with routing policy.
Reference
[1] C. Labovitz, A. Ahuja, A. Bose, and F. Jahanian. “Delayed internet routing convergence.”
In SIGCOMM, pages 175–187, 2000.
[2] C. Labovitz, G. R. Malan, and F. Jahanian. “Internet routing instability.”
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 6(5):515–528, 1998.
[3]T.Griffin, and G.T.Wilfong. “An Analysis of BGP Convergence Properties.”
ACM SIGCOMM, August 1999.
[4] University of Oregon RouteViews project.
http://www.routeviews.org
