Gab Level 2 Workbook Answer Key

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Grammar and Beyond Workbook

2

Answer

Key

Unit 1

Simple Present

Are You Often Online?

Simple Present

1

page 2page 2

2.

2. don’t/do don’t/do not not livelive

3. live

4.

4. aren’t/are aren’t/are notnot

5. stays 5. stays 6. communicates 6. communicates 7. sends 7. sends 8.

8. don’t/do don’t/do not not gogo

9. are

10.

10. don’t/do don’t/do not not traveltravel

11. sees 11. sees 12. see 12. see 13. miss 13. miss

2

AA pages 2–3 pages 2–3 Possible answers Possible answers 3.

3. How many How many children do Ben children do Ben and Ellen have?; and Ellen have?; ey haveey have

three children.

4.

4. Who pracWho practices yoga?tices yoga?; Na ; Na practices practices yoga.yoga.

5.

5. What does Ben dWhat does Ben do twice a o twice a week?; He week?; He swims tswims twicewice

a week.

6.

6. Does Na Does Na like reality like reality shows?; Yshows?; Yes, she does.es, she does.

B

page 3page 3

Answers will vary.

3

AA page 4 page 4

Possible answers

3.

3. Lisa and TLisa and Tom often rom often read the news onlead the news online.ine.

4.

4. How often do How often do Lisa and TLisa and Tom watch om watch TV programs online?TV programs online?

5.

5. Eric haEric hardly everdly ever pays r pays bills online.bills online.

6.

6. How often How often does Eric does Eric read the read the news online?news online?

7.

7. Tatiana Tatiana seldom watches seldom watches TV programs TV programs online.online.

8.

8. How often How often does Tdoes Tatiana compare atiana compare prices online?prices online?

B

B page 5page 5

Answers will vary.

Time Clauses and Factual Conditionals

1

page 5page 5 2. before 2. before 3. If 3. If 4. 4. As As soon soon asas 5. when 5. when 6. After 6. After 7. Before 7. Before 8. while 8. while

2

page 6page 6 2.

2. Ted Ted and Ana and Ana want the best want the best prices, they compare pricesprices, they compare prices

at diﬀerent sites; Ted and Ana compare prices at

diﬀerent sites; they want the best prices

3.

3. Stacy doesnStacy doesn’t/does not need a ’t/does not need a product quickproduct quickly, ly, sheshe

doesn’t pay extra for fast shipping; Stacy doesn’t pay

extra for fast shipping; she doesn’t need a product

quickly

4.

4. David isnDavid isn’t/is not sure ’t/is not sure about a producabout a product, he reads tt, he reads thehe

return policy ﬁrst; David reads the return policy

return policy first; David reads the return policy first; hefirst; he

isn’t sure about a product

5.

5. Bill doesnBill doesn’t/does not hav’t/does not have enough informe enough information, he callsation, he calls

the store; Bill calls

the store; Bill calls the store; he doesn’t have enoughthe store; he doesn’t have enough

information

6.

6. Karen uses a Karen uses a credit card, she makes credit card, she makes sure the site sure the site isis

secure; Karen makes sure the site is secure; she uses a

credit card

3

page 6page 6

Answers will vary

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 7page 7 2. 2. bb 3. 3. bb 4. 4. bb 5. 5. bb 6. 6. bb 7. 7. aa 8. 8. aa

2

page 7page 7 I’m

I’m a a community community college student, college student, but but I I amn’t amn’t in in aa

classroom. I doesn’t live near the coll

classroom. I doesn’t live near the college campus. Where Iege campus. Where I

do take my classes? ey are all online, so I

do take my classes? ey are all online, so I take classes attake classes at

home on my computer. As soon as one of my t

home on my computer. As soon as one of my teachers postseachers posts

a lesson online

a lesson online I get an e-mail about the asI get an e-mail about the assignment. Whensignment. When

I ﬁnish the assignment

I ﬁnish the assignment I send my homework to my teacherI send my homework to my teacher

in an e-mail. She

in an e-mail. She dondon’t usually see her students, but she’t usually see her students, but she

interacts with us online.

I don’t sometimes understand an assignm

I don’t sometimes understand an assignment, so I ent, so I talk totalk to

her online. We also have a discussion board where we post

comments to other students. I really doesn’t miss going to

classes on campus. is is

classes on campus. is is so much more peaceful! I so much more peaceful! I amnamn’t’t

so tired after class this way.

Self-Assessment

pages 8–9pages 8–9

1. 1. cc 2. 2. bb 3. 3. cc 4. 4. aa 5. b 5. b 6. 6. aa 7. 7. cc 8. 8. aa 9. 9. bb 10. a 10. a 11. c 11. c 12. c 12. c 13. b 13. b 14. b 14. b 15. a 15. a I’m not I’m not don’t don’t do I do I ^ ^ , , ^ ^ , , doesn’t doesn’t Sometimes, I don’t Sometimes, I don’t don’t don’t I’m not I’m not

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Unit 2

Present Progressive

and Simple Present

Brainpower

Present Progressive

1

page 10page 10 2.

2. are are studying studying

3.

3. are are sending sending

4.

4. is is producing producing

5.

5. is is growing growing

6.

6. are are making making

7.

7. are are improving improving

8.

8. are are exercising exercising

2

Possible answers

2.

2. Is YIs Yesenia eating breakfast; Yesenia eating breakfast; Yes, she is.es, she is.

3.

3. Is YIs Yesenia walking to work?; esenia walking to work?; YYes, she is.es, she is.

4.

4. Is YIs Yesenia watching TV in esenia watching TV in the evenings?; No, she the evenings?; No, she isn’t.isn’t.

5.

5. Is YIs Yesenia doing crossword puzzles?; Yesenia doing crossword puzzles?; Yes, she is.es, she is.

6.

6. What’s/What is YWhat’s/What is Yesenia doing before esenia doing before bed?; She’sbed?; She’s

brushing her teeth.

3

page 11page 11

2.

2. I am I am learning learning Portuguese.Portuguese.

3.

3. Glenn and Bruce Glenn and Bruce are writiare writing with their opng with their opposite hands.posite hands.

4.

4. Greg is drGreg is driving on a diving on a diﬀerent riﬀerent road to work.oad to work.

5.

5. Ingrid and Ingrid and I are I are playing boarplaying board games.d games.

6.

6. Natalya Natalya is studis studying yoga aying yoga and meditand meditation.tion.

7.

7. Luis is Luis is playing Bplaying Bingo these ingo these days.days.

8.

8. Dustin and Dustin and Sharon are Sharon are reading a reading a lot more.lot more.

9.

9. We We are are enjoying our new enjoying our new hobbies.hobbies.

4

page 12page 12

Answers will vary.

Simple Present

and Present Progressive Compared

1

AA page 12 page 12 2. 2. is is learning learning 3. speak 3. speak 4. want 4. want 5. talks 5. talks 6. uses 6. uses 7.

7. are are getting getting

8. sings 8. sings 9. sing 9. sing 10. 10. is is reading reading 11. agree 11. agree

B

pages 12–13pages 12–13 Possible answers Possible answers 2.

2. She speShe speaks aks Spanish Spanish to Soﬁa.to Soﬁa.

3.

3. What does What does Diego sDiego speak peak to Soﬁa?to Soﬁa?

4.

4. Paula and Paula and Diego are Diego are getting her ready getting her ready for bed.for bed.

5.

5. What doeWhat does Dies Diego ogo often dften do?o?

6.

6. She is rShe is reading eading Soﬁa a Soﬁa a story in story in Spanish.Spanish.

7.

7. Do scientists Do scientists agree that tagree that these are ghese are good ways for cood ways for childrenhildren

to learn two languages?

2

page 13page 13 2. is 2. is 3. want 3. want 4. 4. is is looking looking 5. 5. is is thinking thinking 6. knows 6. knows 7. wants 7. wants 8. believe 8. believe 9. love 9. love

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 13page 13 2. 2. bb 3. 3. aa 4. 4. aa 5. 5. aa 6. 6. bb 7. 7. aa 8. 8. bb

2

page 14page 14 Are

Are you you behave behave diﬀerently diﬀerently than than you you normally do? normally do? AreAre

you experiencing s

you experiencing sudden changes in mood nowudden changes in mood now? Are you? Are you

having trouble with decisions? Are you

having trouble with decisions? Are you wanting someonewanting someone

else to make decisions for you? If you

else to make decisions for you? If you answer yes to theseanswer yes to these

questions, maybe your memory

questions, maybe your memory _^_^getting worse. Doctors aregetting worse. Doctors are

thinking a few simple changes in

thinking a few simple changes in lifestyle can help improvelifestyle can help improve

your memory

your memory. It. It

^

^ working for Joe J working for Joe Jones. ese days, he is eatones. ese days, he is eat

more fruit and vegetables. He

more fruit and vegetables. He_^_^sleeping more than before.sleeping more than before.

Also, he is enjoing life mor

Also, he is enjoing life more. He often connects wie. He often connects with friendsth friends

on social networking sites. He is 63 years old,

on social networking sites. He is 63 years old, and his brainand his brain

and body are in

and body are in excellent condition.excellent condition.

Self-Assessment

1. 1. cc 2. 2. bb 3. 3. cc 4. 4. aa 5. b 5. b 6. 6. bb 7. 7. cc 8. 8. aa 9. 9. cc 10. a 10. a 11. c 11. c 12. b 12. b 13. a 13. a 14. c 14. c 15. c 15. c

Unit 3

Imperatives

What’s Appropriate?

Imperatives

1

page 16page 16 3. Dress 3. Dress 4.

4. Don’t/Do Don’t/Do not not forgetforget

5. Be

6. Listen

7.

7. Don’t/Do Don’t/Do not not chew chew

8. Ask 8. Ask 9. ank 9. ank 10. Send 10. Send behaving behaving Do you want Do you want is is think think is

is eatingeating

is is enjoying

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2

page 17

2. Before your child uses the site, talk about cyberbullying with him or her.

3. When your child posts a photo, check that it doesn’t show personal information.

4. If you are worried about your child’s safety, buy an app that monitors him or her.

5. When your child reads gossip, explain that gossip can hurt people.

6. If you see something inappropriate on your child’s page, talk to your child about it.

3

page 17

Answers will vary.

Let’s . . .

1

page 18

2. let’s not arrive 3. Let’s wrap 4. Let’s use

5. Let’s not forget 6. Let’s eat

2

page 18

2. Let’s ﬁnd a site for our blog.

3. Let’s read the blog site’s guidelines. 4. Let’s write an entry every week.

5. Let’s take turns responding to comments. 6. Let’s not make grammar or spelling mistakes. 7. Let’s check comments for inappropriate language. 8. Let’s not give personal information.

9. Let’s make a survey for the blog.

10. Let’s not write entries that are too long.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 19 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. b

2

page 19

American college students often behave very informally. However, donot think that there are no rules in college classrooms. Lets remember these suggestions for a positive experience in your classes. Dont come late to class. If you can’t get to class on time, change to a diﬀerent class time. Also, donot leave the classroom before class is over. If you

have to leave, tell your teacher beforehand. No talk while the professor is talking. Your classmates want to hear the lecture and the instructions for any assignments. No answer your cell phone in class. Remember to put your cell

phone on vibrate. Some professors allow drinks in class, but donot eat in the classroom. Finally, if you are not sure if a behavior is appropriate for the classroom, dont do it. Ask the professor before or after class if it is OK.

Self-Assessment

pages 20–21 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. b 11. a 12. a 13. c 14. a 15. b

Unit 4 Simple Past

Entrepreneurs

Simple Past

1

page 22 Regular Verbs 2. design; designed 3. employ; employed 4. move; moved 5. start; started 6. study; studied 7. try; tried 8. work; worked Irregular Verbs 2. begin; began 3. ﬁnd; found 4. get; got 5. go; went 6. leave; left 7. meet; met 8. teach; taught

2

page 22 2. attended 3. graduated 4. did; study 5. majored 6. changed

7. didn’t/did not like 8. wanted

3

page 23

3. How old were they?; ey were 12 and 15 years old. 4. Where did they live?; ey lived in Denver, Colorado. 5. Did Elise and Evan sell to family and friends?; Yes, they

did.

6. Did Elise design the company website?; No, she didn’t.

Simple Past of

Be

and

There Was

/

There Were

1

page 24 2. were 3. was 4. wasn’t 5. was 6. wasn’t 7. was 8. was 9. weren’t 10. was do not Let’s Don’t do not Don’t Don’t do not don’t

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2

A pages 24–25 2. there were 3. there was 4. there was 5. there were 6. there weren’t 7. ere were 8. there wasn’t 9. there was B page 25

2. Was there; Yes, there was. 3. Were there; No, there weren’t. 4. Were there; Yes, there were. 5. Was there; Yes there was.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 25–26 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. c 7. a 8. b

2

page 26

Television personality Rachael Ray grow up around food. Her family owned several restaurants in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and later her mother works as a food supervisor for some restaurants in upstate New York. Rachael also had several jobs in the food industry. One job was in a gourmet grocery store in Albany, New York. She

noticed that people didn’t bought many groceries because they didn’t wanted to cook. ey were working people, and there weren’t enough time in their busy day for cooking. Rachael started cooking classes. In these classes, Rachael cooked meals in thirty minutes. e classes were very popular._^She wrote in 1999 her ﬁrst cookbook _^. ere was many more cookbooks after that. e cookbooks were popular because the recipes were quick and easy to make.

She in 2001 appeared on NBC’s Today Show _^. e president of the Food Network sees Rachael and gave her a show on the network. She became a big star.

Self-Assessment

pages 26–27 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. c 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. b

Unit 5 Simple Past, Time Clauses,

Used To, and Would

Science and Society

Time Clauses and the Order of Past Events

1

page 28

2. she thought of ideas, she wrote them down

3. she talked to her friends, she wrote about her idea 4. she described her idea to friends, she got feedback from

them

5. She thought of a name for her invention; she wrote the instructions for making it

6. She searched for similar ideas on the Internet; she realized that her idea was unique

2

page 29

2. Until the Industrial Revolution, most people lived on farms.

3. Before new machines made clothing in factories, people made their own clothing.

4. After people invented these machines, workers made products faster than before.

5. As soon as the factories produced the same goods, people didn’t make their own things.

6. As soon as entrepreneurs built more factories, they needed more workers.

7. When people moved to the cities, the cities grew quickly.

3

A page 30

1; 4; 2; 3; 5 B page 30

Answers will vary.

Past with

Used To

and

Would

1

page 30 2. used to love 3. used to live 4. used to be 5. would; wait 6. used to be 7. used to know 8. used to have

2

page 31

2. took / used to take; didn’t/did not take �� didn’t/did not used to take

3. waited / used to wait / would wait; didn’t/did not see 4. slept / used to sleep / would sleep; loved

3

page 31

Answers will vary.

grew worked buy want wasn’t In 1999, she OR in 1999 were In 2001, she OR in 2001 saw

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Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 32 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. a

2

page 32

How did people used to live before omas Edison invented the incandescent electric lightbulb? For one thing, it wasn’t very safe to travel after dark. When it got dark, businesses use to close. People would use candles when_^needed light at home. However, candles burned

quickly, so people used them carefully. As a result, people didn’t used to stay up late. ey went to bed soon after sundown. Before the lightbulb became popular, people use to sleep 9 to 10 hours a night. After_^became more available, people only got around 6 hours of sleep. Another change

is that before electric lights, people didn’t used to pay electric bills. Now they do. O verall, electric lights are a very welcome and useful invention.

Self-Assessment

pages 32–33 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. b 11. a 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. b

Unit 6 Past Progressive

Memorable Events

Past Progressive

1

page 34 2. were gathering 3. was forming 4. were hoping 5. were meeting 6. were expecting 7. were cheering 8. was giving

2

page 35

3. What were you doing 4. I wasn’t/was not feeling

5. My mom wasn’t/was not working 6. My dad was driving

7. Was it snowing

8. e snow wasn’t/was not coming 9. the wind was blowing

10. She was watching 11. she was thinking 12. people were giving

3

page 36

2. At; was ﬂowing 3. At; were reporting 4. On; was coming

5. In; were wandering; (were) looking 6. On; was falling

3

page 36

Answers will vary.

Using

When

and

While

with Past Progressive

1

page 37 2. were waiting 3. saw 4. had 5. gave 6. was 7. were; practicing 8. sat 9. were 10. began 11. was running 12. jumped 13. spilled

2

pages 37–38

2. People were calling for help on their cell phones when two police oﬃcers arrived with ﬂashlights.

3. One police oﬃcer led people to a stairway while the other oﬃcer was trying to calm people down.

4. While people were walking to the stairway, they helped each other.

5. Outside people were talking and calling friends on their cell phones when a restaurant worker came and brought them cold bottles of water.

3

pages 38–39

2. What were you thinking about when you came to America?

3. Where were you going when you saw the movie star? 4. Who were you visiting when the blizzard started? 5. What did she hear while she was watching TV? 6. Was he texting while the president spoke / was

speaking?

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 39 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. c

2

page 40

On July 21, 2011, Duane and Emma Wilson was sitting in front of the television in their home in Dallas, Texas. What they were watching? e space shuttle Atlantis were coming back to Earth after 12 days in space. While

the Wilsons watched T V, Atlantis was landing in Florida. Other people was watching from the ground in Florida.

use to used they use used it use were were they was

were watching _landed

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Why were so many people watching? Atlantis was the last U.S. space shuttle. When the shuttle landed people

were talking about the end of the space ﬂight program. People was celebrating the shuttle’s return, but they were also sad. is wasn’t the end of space exploration, though. NASA was already making plans to travel to Mars. When Atlantis landed.

Self-Assessment

pages 40–41 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. b 11. a 12. a 13. b 14. b 15. a

Unit 7 Count and Noncount Nouns

Privacy Matters

Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns

1

page 42 Noncount nouns: 2. garbage 3. help 4. information 5. privacy 6. respect 7. software 8. trust 9. work Count nouns and their plural forms: 2. bill; bills 3. card; cards 4. computer; computers 5. number; numbers 6. page; pages 7. site; sites

2

page 43 2. messages 3. a suggestion 4. My son 5. a computer 6. websites 7. privacy 8. My advice

3

page 43 2. an account; C 3. questions; C 4. a credit card; C 5. a big mistake; C 6. furniture; NC 7. security; NC 8. safety; NC

Noncount Nouns: Determiners

and Measurement Words

1

page 44 2. any 3. a lot of 4. Many 5. enough 6. any 7. a piece of 8. a lot of 9. many 10. piece of 11. some 12. a good 13. some 14. your

2

page 45 List A

2. cups of; packets of 3. pieces of 4. a bowl of List B 1. a bag of 2. a gallon of 3. bars of 4. a pound of 5. loaves of 6. cans of 7. a box of 8. a tube of

3

page 46 Possible answers

2. I don’t spend much time on the Internet at work/school. �� I spend a lot of time on the Internet at work/school. 3. I spend too much time on social networking sites. �� I

spend a little time on social networking sites.

4. My boss/college has some control over my Internet use. �� My boss/college has a lot of control over my Internet use.

5. I think people should make a few personal phone calls at work. �� I think people should not make many personal phone calls at work. �� I don’t think people

should make many personal phone calls at work.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 46–47 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. a 8. c

2

page 47 In 1974,

^U.S. government passed the Family

Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). is is^law that protects the privacies of students. e law explains what details schools can give about students. e FERPA

law says that there are two kinds of an information about ^ , talked were Mars when the a privacy

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students – “directory information” and “non-directory information.” “Directory information” includes facts such as your name, your address, your phone number, and your major. Schools can share these things about_^student without a permission. As a result, people can learn much

information about you. Some students worry that this could threaten their securities. If you don’t want your school to give “directory” details about you, you can ask the school not to share many knowledge they have about you . “Non-directory information” includes things such as your social security number, your student identiﬁcation number, your grades, and details about your schedule. Schools can’t

give this information without permission.

Self-Assessment

pages 48 –49 1. c 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. c 12. b 13. c 14. b 15. b

Unit 8 Articles

The Media

Articles

1

page 50 2. the 3. a 4. the 5. the 6. A 7. the 8. the 9. the 10. the 11. the

2

pages 50–51 2. A; a 3. Ø; a 4. the 5. Ø; a 6. Ø 7. Ø 8. the 9. a 10. an; e

3

page 51

2. Anyone can send the president an e-mail from this site. 3. e public can also sign up for tours.

4. Every day, the press comes to the site to listen to statements about current events. �� e press comes to the site to listen to statements about current events every day.

5. Weather.gov provides information about the weather anywhere in the country.

6. It provides information to the media.

7. Nasa.gov has information about space exploration now and in the past.

8. At nasa.gov, you can see pictures of the moon, the sun, and the universe. �� You can see pictures of the moon, the sun, and the universe at nasa.gov.

9. Nasa.gov shows images of places around the world.

Generalizing: More About Articles

1

page 52

3. A news blog comments on the news of the day. 4. A tweet is a post on Twitter.

5. Podcasts are a convenient way to hear news stories. 6. Media apps are apps that give you the news on your

electronic devices.

7. A person downloads a podcast on a digital player or (a) computer.

8. An educational blog is a blog that a teacher uses.

2

page 53 2. Ø 3. a 4. Ø 5. A 6. a 7. a 8. A;Ø; Ø 9. Ø 10. Ø/The

3

page 53

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 53–54 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. b

2

page 54

ese days, the people are getting the news in new ways. A lot of people read blogs, but now they can also listen

to the news or watch it on their digital devices. ey can also subscribe to get podcasts. Podcast is a sound ﬁ le. e users download podcasts from websites on_^Internet. When you go to a website, you sometimes see

^ download button. If you click on^download button, you can

download the podcast. en you can listen to_^ podcast on a computer or other digital devices. Podcasts are often free. en the website automatically downloads_^ podcast to a program, such as iTunes. Podcasts give the information on

many diﬀerent topics, including sports,_^environment, the entertainment, politics, and the health.

a a lot of security a lot of people A podcast Users the a the the the the

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Self-Assessment

pages 54–55 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. c 12. a 13. b 14. b 15. c

Unit 9 Pronouns; Direct and

Indirect Objects

Challenging Ourselves

Pronouns

1

page 56 Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Possessive Determiner Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its itself we us our ours ourselves they them their theirs themselves

2

pages 56–57 2. he 3. It 4. his 5. him 6. them 7. ey 8. it 9. themselves 10. she 11. her 12. herself 13. I 14. myself 15. her

3

page 57 2. hers 3. themselves 4. herself 5. mine 6. His 7. ourselves 8. each other

4

page 58 2. ones

3. one �� ones; ones 4. one

5. one

5

page 58

2. myself; herself; ourselves 3. each other

4. yourself 5. each other

6. each other; themselves 7. each other

8. each other 9. herself

Direct and Indirect Objects

1

page 59

2. e coach told the team the good news. 3. e school gave the team a check to buy new

equipment.

4. e team showed their new equipment to the crowd at the next game.

5. e parents gave a party for the team.

2

page 59 3. X 4. X 5. for 6. X 7. X 8. to 9. X 10. to 11. X

3

pages 59–60 Possible answers

2. Diana sent invitations to a going-away party to all her friends.; Diana sent them invitations to a going-away party.

3. Jeﬀ paid rent to his/the landlord.; Jeﬀ paid him/her rent.

4. Diana gave textbooks to Paul.; Diana gave him textbooks.

5. Jeﬀ sold a car to Ivan.; Jeﬀ sold him a car.

6. Diana gave clothes to Tina.; Diana gave her clothes. 7. Jeﬀ sent an e-mail with his new address to his friends.;

Jeff sent them an e-mail with his new address. 8. Jeff offered a video game console to Ben.; Jeff offered

him a video game console.

4

page 60

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 61 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. b 8. b

2

page 61

Six years ago, Marta Ortiz moved from Guatemala to the United States with her children. Her and her children did not speak very much English, so life was hard at ﬁrst. Soon the children started school, and them made friends. Wh en they did not know a word, their friends taught

them it. ey learned quickly. At work, Marta’s co-workers spoke Spanish, so it was a challenge to learn English. When her children brought home a letter from school, they would

She

they

(9)

read her it. Sometimes Marta needed to make a phone call in English. Her son did it to she. e children wanted to help she. ey made for themselves dinner so that their mother could take an English class in the evenings. Marta liked her classmates. She liked to speak English, and she started to learn. Now Marta is taking an advanced English class. Her teacher gives to her good grades. He gives advice for her about colleges. Her daughter and son are very proud. Soon her English will be as good as theirs.

Self-Assessment

pages 62–63 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. b 10. a 11. c 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. c

Unit 10 Present Perfect

Discoveries

Present Perfect

1

page 64 2. have asked 3. have built 3. have collected 5. has sent 6. have learned 7. have found 8. has sent 9. have studied 10. have decided 11. have started 12. have identiﬁed

2

A page 65 2. has taught 3. has decided 4. has looked 5. has worked 6. has sent 7. has; traveled 8. has discovered 9. has shown 10. has published

B

page 65

2. Why has he decided not to retire for several years? 3. Who has he worked for?

4. How often has the U.S. Coast Guard sent Professor Marks to the South Pole?

5. What has he discovered (in the ice core samples from Greenland)?

6. Where has Professor Marks published articles?

Present Perfect or Simple Past?

1

page 66 2. have studied 3. has been 4. discovered 5. spent 6. realized 7. continued 8. found 9. Have; heard

2

pages 66–67 2. have looked 3. have found 4. started 5. have been 6. appeared 7. used 8. loved 9. was 10. did 11. have become 12. Have; seen

3

page 67

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 67–68 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. c

2

page 68

Scientists studied the night sky for centuries.

Astronomers have spended countless hours studying the sky for new objects. When astronomers have discovered new objects, though, they have not always agreed what these objects are.

An example of this is the discovery of Pluto. In the early twentieth century, astronomers have started to suspect that there was a planet beyond Uranus. en, in 1930, they have discovered Pluto, and it became the ninth planet. However in 2008, astronomers have announced that Pluto was no longer a planet. Why they have done this? Pluto is smaller than any of the other planets. erefore, astronomers created a new category: “Dwarf Planets.” ey are looking for more dwarf planets and have saw several. So far, they found nine.

Self-Assessment

pages 68–69 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. a 11. c 12. b 13. c 14. a 15. c

her the letter

her for her to have studied spent started discovered announced have they have created seen have found

(10)

Unit 11 Adverbs with Present Perfect;

For

and Since

Unsolved Mysteries

Adverbs with Present Perfect

1

pages 70–71

2. have never heard 3. still have not found 4. have already done 5. have not proven; yet 6. have recently been

7. have; been studying lately 8. Have; recently discovered 9. have already determined 10. Have; ever learned

11. haven’t/have not ever ﬁgured 12. Has; ever become

13. has recently become 14. has just opened

2

page 71

2. However, they have recently learned how to destroy the virus in a lab.

3. ey have already discovered some remedies for the common cold.

4. Research has just shown that taking the mineral zinc can help prevent colds.

5. My friend has recently told me that eating chicken soup helps.

3

A page 72

2. Joe has not gotten driving directions to the area yet. 3. Sue has already placed the laptops in the truck. 4. Sue hasn’t/has not ﬁlled the gas tank of the truck

with gas yet.

5. Bob has already prepared food.

6. Sue and Bob have not checked the equipment yet.

B

pages 72–73

2. Has Sue put the video cameras in the truck yet?; No, she hasn’t.

3. Have Bob and Joe already organized the truck?; Yes, they have.

4. Has Bob replaced the batteries in ﬂashlights yet?; Yes, he has.

5. Have Sue and Joe already packed their cell phones?; No, they haven’t.

6. Has Bob already bought a ﬁrst-aid kit?; Yes, he has.

4

page 73

Answers will vary.

Present Perfect with

For

and

Since

1

page 74 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. for 6. since 7. since 8. for 9. since 10. since 11. for 12. since 13. since 14. for

2

A page 74 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. for

B

pages 74–75

2. How long has Alex been married?; He’s/He has been married for eight years.

3. How long have Alex and his wife lived in their house?; ey’ve/ey have lived there for ﬁve years.

4. How long have Alex and his wife played music together?; ey’ve/ey have played music together since 2009.

3

page 75

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 75–76 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. b

2

page 76

Imagine that just you have_^ walked into a building for the ﬁrst time. You have ever been there before. Suddenly, everything feels familiar. You feel like you have_^been already to this place. We call this feeling déjà vu, and it is quite common. Déjà vu is a French expression. It means that you have already seen something, and people use it to talk about experiences they feel they have already had. Seventy percent of the people in surveys say, “Yes, I have experienced it before.” Some people experience déjà vu since they were teenagers. Authors have written about this feeling in books since hundreds of years, but scientists have not never explained it. Researchers try to study this feeling for a long time, but they have ever made it happen in a laboratory. As a result, they yet have not been able to understand the déjà vu experience_^.

just never

already

have experienced

for

ever have tried

never

(11)

Self-Assessment

pages 76–77 1. c 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. a 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. b

Unit 12 Present Perfect Progressive

Cities

Present Perfect Progressive

1

page 78

2. has been increasing 3. have been creating 4. have been using 5. have been placing 6. have been taking 7. have been sending

8. haven’t/have not been driving

2

pages 78–79

2. has; been developing; has been developing 3. have; been coming; have been coming 4. has; been advertising; has been advertising 5. have; been staying; have been staying

3

page 79

Answers will vary.

Present Perfect Progressive or

Present Perfect?

1

A pages 79–80

2. have been riding / have ridden 3. has been building

4. has not completed 5. have understood

6. have used / have been using 7. has hired

8. has been

B

page 80

2. Have people in Amsterdam been driving cars to reduce pollution? �� Have people in Amsterdam driven cars to

reduce pollution?; No, they haven’t.

3. Has New York City completed a new subway line?; No, it hasn’t.

4. Have people in Curitiba used their public bus system? �� Have people in Curitiba been using their public bus system?; Yes, they have.

5. Has Curitiba hired a shepherd and his sheep?; Yes, it has.

6. Has Vancouver been a leader in the use of hydroelectric power?; Yes, it has.

2

page 81

2. has been building 3. have moved into

4. has been adding 5. has decided

3

page 81

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 82 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. b

2

page 82

Kevin Banks is helping homeless people in his city for a long time. He has been being a volunteer at the local homeless shelter for 15 years. He is serving meals there since he was a teenager. e number of homeless people_^ recently been increasing. More people are losing jobs since last year. e trend is disturbing. For a long time, Kevin has been believing that the city _^not been doing enough to solve the problem. Now the city have been starting new projects to do more. City workers has been building permanent housing for the homeless. e city has ﬁnished

more than 300 new apartments for the homeless.

Self-Assessment

pages 82–83 1. a 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. a 10. b 11. c 12. b 13. c 14. a 15. b

Unit 13 Adjectives

A Good Workplace

Adjectives

1

page 84

2. ey often have part-time jobs. 3. ey earn low wages.

4. ey don’t work long hours. 5. eir work schedules are short. 6. eir job training is usually simple. 7. eir jobs are usually not stressful. 8. eir workplace is usually safe.

has been been

has been

has have been

has believed has

has have

(12)

2

pages 84–85

2. a safe computer company 3. comfortable oﬃces

4. dangerous equipment 5. a 35-hour work week 6. overtime pay 7. free training 8. satisﬁed employees

3

page 85 2. business; clothes 3. running; shoes 4. work; uniform 5. training; classes 6. career; goals

4

page 86 2. new glass 3. nice large

4. beautiful blue Chicago 5. round black wooden 6. super black leather 7. free ﬁve-hour training

5

page 86

Answers will vary.

More About Adjectives

1

page 87 2. surprising 3. challenging 4. boring 5. bored 6. depressed 7. confused 8. frustrating 9. interested

2

page 87

2. but my boss tells really funny ones 3. or at a casual one

4. but her roommate has friendly ones

5. even though the older one is more qualiﬁed 6. She’s looking at some noise-canceling ones 7. the wood one better

3

page 88 2. ones 3. happy 4. something delicious 5. anything negative 6. proud 7. one

8. Answers will vary .

4

page 89

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 89 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. c

2

page 90

If you are interest in finding a great company to work for, Excel in Your Job magazine can be a good source of information. Every year, the magazine makes a list of the best companies to work for. What makes these companies so successfull? How do they create a workplace good environment? Some companies let employees work four-days weeks so they can have longer weekends with their families. Companies on the list sometimes offer financial excellent benefits, such as high salaries, bonus pay, and retirement plans. Also, employees of these

companies are not worry about losing their jobs. ey believe their bosses are fair and their rights are protected. It is not unusual to ﬁnd an employee who has a 30-years career with one of these companies. e list includes small companies as well as giant corporations. No matter what size or location you are interest in, the list can be helpfull.

Self-Assessment

pages 90–91 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. c 11. b 12. c 13. b 14. a 15. a

Unit 14 Adverbs of Manner and Degree

Learn Quickly!

Adverbs of Manner

1

page 92 2. fast 3. alone 4. well 5. quickly 6. wrong 7. carefully 8. nervously 9. right 10. suddenly 11. high 12. easily 13. politely 14. early 15. terribly 16. hard 17. low 18. usually

2

pages 92–93 2. late 3. properly 4. carefully 5. quickly 6. diﬀerently 7. deeply 8. slowly 9. eﬃciently 10. well interested

successful good workplace

four-day

excellent ﬁnancial

worried

30-year

(13)

3

page 93 2. carefully; careful 3. neat; neatly 4. good; well 5. calm; calmly 6. clear; clearly 7. well; good 8. quiet; quietly

4

page 94

Answers will vary.

Adverbs of Degree

1

page 94

2. She was seriously worried about failing English. 4. She was dangerously close to dropping the course. 5. e teachers at the Writing Center have been amazingly

helpful.

6. ey are wonderfully supportive.

7. Her progress was good enough to pass the test. 8. She is incredibly proud of herself.

2

page 95 2. too quickly 3. good enough 4. too short 5. too late 6. long enough 7. hard enough

3

page 95

2. e professor is really/so intelligent. 3. Marc’s study group is pretty serious.

4. Marc has been doing pretty well in the class. 5. He is pretty proud of his writing.

6. Marc is kind of / sort of surprised that he likes world history.

7. He is kind of / sort of serious about his history studies. 8. Marc’s grades are really / so good in both world history

and English.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 96 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. c

2

page 96

A comfortable classroom environment is important for students to learn a language good. When students don’t feel somewhat comfortable, they can’t learn eﬀective. Good teachers don’t make students feel embarrassed when they answer incorrect. Students also feel more comfortable when teachers don’t speak too fastly. Teachers should treat

fairly all students and make sure that the communication in the classroom is respectful. In a good classroom, students treat respectfully their classmates even wh en

they serious disagree. In an eﬀective classroom, both the teacher and thestudents want each other to do good.

Self-Assessment

pages 96–97 1. c 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. c 12. a 13. b 14. c 15. a

Unit 15 Prepositions

Food on the Table

Prepositions of Place and Time

1

page 98 2. at 3. on 4. in / near 5. In 6. in 7. for 8. During / In 9. near 10. during / on 11. in

2

pages 98–99 2. under 3. in 4. For 5. in 6. at 7. After 8. on 9. during 10. Since 11. under

3

pages 99–100 2. in the refrigerator 3. on the table 4. at Food Place 5. behind the truck 6. in the afternoon 7. on the shelf 8. in a box

9. next to the tomatoes

4

page 100

Answers will vary.

Prepositions of Direction and Manner

1

page 101 2. to 3. across 4. with 5. for 6. around 7. of

2

page 101 2. from 3. across 4. to 5. of 6. for 7. to 8. from well very/extremely/quite effectively incorrectly fast all students fairly

their classmates respectfully

seriously

(14)

Phrasal Prepositions and

Prepositions After Adjectives

1

A page102 2. to 3. of 4. as 5. to 6. to 7. of 8. of 9. as 10. of B page 102 2. such as 3. close to 4. in front of 5. up to 6. Instead of 7. outside of 8. next to

2

A page 103 2. for 3. of 4. about 5. with 6. from 7. to B page 103

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 103–104 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. b 8. a

2

page 104

Author Michael Pollan has written about local food during many years. He lives at California at the United States. He grows his vegetables in his garden. He believes that Americans do not eat enough fruit and vegetables. He also believes some health problems are due from bad food choices. He says that we have been eating bad food since too long. However, many Americans say that they are too busy to spend much time thinking about their food choices. ey work long hours. Sometimes they work at Saturdays and Sundays or on holidays. ey do not have time to cook all of their meals. ey do not have time to go to farmers’ markets in Saturdays. ey eat quick and easy food that is not good with them. Michael Pollan writes about food to get people excited in healthier ways to eat.

Self-Assessment

pages 104–105 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. b 10. c 11. a 12. c 13. b 14. a 15. c

Unit 16 Future

(1)

Life Lists

Be Going To

, Present Progressive,

and Simple Present for Future Events

1

page 106

2. are; going to do 3. ’re/are going to create 4. are; going to make 5. are; going to put 6. ’re/are going to list 7. are; going to get 8. are going to submit 9. ’m/am going to meet 10. are going to ﬁnd 11. Are; going to show 12. ’m/am not going to show

2

page 107

2. Are; going 3. leave

4. Are; going to visit 5. are; going to do 6. ’m/am spending 7. are having

8. ’m/am going to rest 9. are; doing

10. ’m/am; working

3

page 107

2. arrives / is arriving / is going to arrive 3. is going to be

4. are going to learn

5. is giving / is going to give 6. begins

7. are going to sell

8. are going / are going to go

9. leaves / is leaving / is going to leave

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 108 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. a 8. c

2

page 108

Researchers at James University is going to study how students organize their time next week on campus. ey_^ going to interview students about the ways that they keep organized. One question in the interview are going to be, “What you are going to do this week?” Another question is, “How you are going to plan your day today?” e interviews

for in in to for on on about are are is are you are you

(15)

^ going to be in Building B. If you are interested, please sign up at the Student Services Center. Students is going to receive payment for their time. e researchers_^ not going to tell the students the goal of the research. ey is going to share their results in a report.

Self-Assessment

pages 108–109 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. b 10. c 11. a 12. b 13. a 14. c 15. b

Unit 17 Future

(2)

Getting Older

Future with

Will

1

A page 110

2. will deﬁnitely not disappoint 3. will certainly not be

4. will take 5. will begin 6. will land

7. will travel 8. will ﬂy

9. will probably not meet 10. will possibly see 11. will return B page 111

Possible answers

3. Where will the tour go?

4. When will they land at Darwin International Airport? 5. How will they travel?

6. What will they (probably) see in the park? 7. Where will the tour go next?

8. When will they return to the United States?

2

page 111

Answers will vary.

Future with

Will

,

Be Going To

,

and Present Progressive

1

page 112

Answers may vary. 2. for an intention

3. for a prediction, expectation, or guess 4. for a prediction, expectation, or guess 5. for something certain because of evidence 6. for something certain because of evidence 8. for a prediction, expectation, or guess

2

pages 112–113

2. will be �� is going to be 3. I’ll

4. are they going to aﬀect 5. I’m going to �� I’ll

6. they’ll �� they’re going to 7. won’t have

8. I’m going to �� I’ll

9. ey’re going to need �� ey’ll need 10. am going to meet �� am meeting

3

A page 113

Degree of Certainty

➝Less certain ➝In the middle➝ More certain➝

possibly maybe perhaps likely probably undoubtedly certainly definitely

B

page 114

2. According to predictions, 25 million U.S. Baby Boomers will likely/probably retire by 2020.

3. When the Boomers retire, companies certainly/ deﬁnitely/undoubtedly won’t have enough workers. 4. Maybe/Perhaps younger workers will make more

money because companies need them more.

5. Some medical companies are likely/probably going to get rich because Boomers will need medical care. 6. For example, Boomers are certainly/deﬁnitely/

undoubtedly going to need products to ﬁx their old knees or hips.

7. A company that makes those products will likely/ probably do well.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 114–115 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. b 8. b

2

page 115

Welcome to eldersrus.cambridge.org. is site will to help you enjoy your later years. In the future, the world’s population^get older. By 2050, about 20 percent of the world’s people would be 70 or older. Some people say an

older society ^going to be a problem. At eldersrus.org, we disagree. We predict that older people^help society. In the future, older people in workplaces will to help companies make better decisions. Certainly, tomorrow’s older

population^going to need more health care. In the future, there will perhaps to be better health care for everyone of all ages. Active, healthy seniors can change the world. Click

are are are are will will is will is

(16)

here to read more about eldersrus.cambridge.org. In the future, you will to be happy you did!

Self-Assessment

pages 116–117 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. b 10. a 11. a 12. c 13. b 14. a 15. b

Unit 18 Future Time Clauses

and Future Conditionals

Learning to Communicate

Future Time Clauses

1

page 118

Once a word becomes popular, people will expect a dictionary to include it. However, not every word is good enough for the dictionary. A word will have to pass many tests before it gets into the dictionary. For example, here is how one well-known dictionary normally adds new words. After the editors see a new word, they will put it

on a list of interesting words. e editor will make a note about the word as soon as it appears anywhere. What does it mean? Who is using it? Where do people use the word? Usually, until the editors have hundreds of notes

for the word, they will not think about it very much. When they have a large number of notes, the editors will make a special card for the word. When the company plans a new dictionary, a person called the head reader will review all the information from the editors. After the head reader considers thousands of words, he or she will choose the best words. en the company’s managers will discuss those choices. As soon as the managers name the lucky new words, writers will write deﬁnitions for them. Finally, we will ﬁnd them in the dictionary.

2

page 119

2. As soon as Ana starts to speak, Gabriel and Julia will teach her the names of things in Portuguese

and English.

3. When Gabriel talks to Ana, he will use only English. 4. Until Ana seems to understand, Gabriel will repeat

words in English.

5. Before Ana goes to bed, Julia will read her a story in Portuguese.

6. Once Ana is four years old, Julia will ﬁnd day-care with Portuguese and English speakers.

Future Conditionals; Questions with

Time Clauses and Conditional Clauses

1

A page 120 3. want 4. will; teach 5. want 6. will push 7. is 8. will share 9. take 10. will learn 11. show 12. will remember 13. sees 14. hears 15. will; learn 16. put 17. will choose 18. have 19. will try B page 121

2. If your dog is like Bobby, will you teach new words to him?

3. When Dr. Brown teaches Bobby a new word, will she say the word?

4. Will she show him a thing if she wants him to learn the word?

5. If Bobby learns a word now, will he remember it later? 6. Will Bobby learn a word once he hears it?

7. If listeners have dogs, will they try to teach them new words?

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 121–122 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. c

2

page 122

If some birds will be well trained, they will speak. If Gus, a parrot, will hear you say “hi,” he will say “hi.” Brian Green of Western University says, “If Gus will see a new thing, he will make up new words for it.” “Yesterday, Gus saw a plum and called it ‘cherry apple.’ In the future, if I show

him something similar to what he knows, I^listen for Gus’s new name for it.” If most parrots will hear a name, they will repeat it. Gus does more. As soon as Gus will hear a new person’s name, he will make a sentence, like “Hi, Susan.” When Gus continues to talk so well, he changes the way we think about bird communication.

are hears sees will When hears

(17)

Self-Assessment

pages 122–123 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. b 10. a 11. c 12. b 13. a 14. c 15. b

Unit 19 Ability

Amazing Science

Ability with

Can

and

Could

1

page 124 2. can’t prepare 3. can make 4. can take 5. can’t learn 6. can ﬂy 7. can’t go 8. can ﬂy 9. can analyze 10. can share 11. can give 12. can’t stop

2

page 125 2. couldn’t 3. could 4. can 5. can 6. couldn’t 7. can 8. can 9. can 10. can 11. couldn’t

3

A page 125 Possible answers

2. I can use a smartphone. �� I can’t use a smartphone. 3. I can understand a GPS navigator. �� I can’t understand

a GPS navigator.

4. I can make video chat calls. �� I can’t make video chat calls.

B page 125

Possible answers

2. I could use a smartphone ten years ago. or I couldn’t use a smartphone ten years ago.

3. I could understand a GPS navigator ﬁve years ago. �� I couldn’t understand a GPS navigator ﬁve years ago. 4. I could make video chat calls last year. �� I couldn’t

make video chat calls last year.

4

page 126

2. Storm warnings couldn’t reach them. 3. ey thought that it couldn’t happen.

4. No, a lot of people couldn’t go to work or school. 5. He can’t see any clouds in the satellite pictures. 6. Yes, people can ride their bikes today.

7. He can predict rain for tomorrow.

Be Able To

1

page 127

2. was able to reach 3. are able to use 4. were able to use

5. wasn’t/was not able to see

6. are able to ﬂy; aren’t/are not able to go 7. is able to make

2

A page 128 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. a 6. a B pages 128–129 Possible answers

2. ey are able to keep their house clean because they have Rosie the robot.

3. Yes, they are able to get food when they press a button. 4. He is able to dress for work by standing in a machine. 5. ey are able to ﬂy because they use cars that ﬂy

and jetpacks.

6. ey are able to take vacations on the moon.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 129 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. c 8. a

2

page 130

In my high school, we were not able^do experiments. We did not have a lab. I was sad, because you can not become an inventor without a lab. My parents told me to build my own lab in our garage, so I did. I could build a pretty good one. Now, at City College, I_^able to use one of the best labs in the world. When I have an idea for an invention, I am able

^build it. Here’s my advice to young people: Go to a school where you_^able to use a good lab.Computers are good, but you can not really invent things with them alone. Remember: A good inventor is able_^use his or her hands.

Self-Assessment

pages 130–131 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. a 11. c 12. a 13. b 14. c 15. a to cannot was able to am to are cannot to

(18)

Unit 20 Requests and Offers

Good Causes

Permission

1

page 132

Dear Dr. Lance,

As you know, I’m the president of the Student Service Club. I’m writing to ask your permission to organize some activities in our community. Every year, we have made a holiday dinner for homeless people. Can we do that again? May I contact the newspaper about this? ey might write an article about it. Also, do you mind if we have a 3-mile race to raise money for our projects? Finally, could we use the school parking lot in May for our car wash? It raises money to send kids to summer camp. anks for your time. Freyza Entep

Dear Feyza,

ank you for your e-mail. I’m glad that our Service Club is so active. About the holiday dinner: Sure. No problem. Sorry, but please don’t tell the

newspaper about it. We can serve only about 100 people. I’m afraid I don’t like the idea of the race. If someone gets hurt, we might get into trouble. You can certainly do the car wash. We do this every year, right? I think it’s a great activity. Dr. John Lance

2

page 133 2. Do you mind 3. Not at all 4. Can 5. Can I please

6. Do you mind if 7. Can I

8. Sure. No problem.

3

page 133

Answers will vary.

Requests and Offers

1

page 134 2. Yes. Of course. 3. Would 4. Certainly. 5. Would 6. Could 7. Could 8. I’m sorry

2

pages 134–135 2. I’m sorry 3. I’ll

4. at would be great 5. Could 6. Certainly 7. can 8. would

3

page 135 Possible answers

2. Can I drive the children to the art center after school?; Answers will vary

3. May I explain the project to the children?; Answers will vary

4. I can clean the tables with Dan after the class.; Answers will vary

5. I could get more volunteers at my college.; Answers will vary

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 136 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. b 8. a

2

page 136

is Saturday, we’ll have our oﬃce’s charity car wash. Can you to help? Could please we

^share the work ^? Could our marketing department to bring towels? We need buckets to carry water. Will the salespeople to bring some? Advertising department, can you_^direct please cars into

the car wash_^?We need lots of help. Would you to ask your family and friends to help? e technology team said, “Yes, we would.” anks in advance. People have asked,

“Could please the managers_^bring pizza_^?” Yes, we could!

Self-Assessment

pages 136–137 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. b 11. b 12. a 13. a 14. c 15. b

Unit 21 Advice and Suggestions

The Right Job

Advice

1

page 138

2. shouldn’t train

3. should ask �� ought to ask 4. should do �� ought to do 5. should think �� ought to think 6. should; think

7. shouldn’t worry 8. Should; be

9. should make �� ought to make �� had better make

2

page 139

3. Where should I look 4. Should I come 5. Should he get

6. Who should he send 7. When should he e-mail

please �� , please

��

please , please

will

(19)

3

page 140

2. had better not quit until he gets a new job 3. should post his résumé online

4. should call the company to ﬁnd out how to apply 5. ought to listen to him and help him

6. should get some job training

7. ought to ﬁnd some interviewing tips on the Internet 8. shouldn’t/should not buy a house now

4

pages 140–141

2. You should / ought to focus on jobs that require your special skills.

3. You shouldn’t waste time on jobs that don’t sound interesting.

4. You should / ought to / had better be sure that you have a good résumé, or you may not attract good companies. 5. You should / ought to ﬁnd out about free or low-cost

training programs.

6. You should / ought to tell everyone you know that you are looking for a job.

7. You shouldn’t / had better not put untrue statements on your résumé or you may get into trouble later.

Suggestions

1

page 141

2. You might want to 3. Why not

4. You might want to 5. Why don’t I

6. might not want to

2

pages 142–143

2. you might not 3. why don’t 4. You could 5. you might not 6. Why don’t you

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 143 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. c

2

page 144

When you look for a job, you^better be prepared. Here are ﬁve things to think about. First, why not thinking about what you do best? You should get a job that lets you do that. Next, ask yourself, “Can I be happy with this

company?” If the answer is “no,” you^better not take a job there. ird, you

^better tell interviewers the truth. You had better not lie in a job interview, or you might lose your job

later. Also, why not to act like a professional? You

could not talk or dress the way you do with your friends. Pay close attention to your clothes. Why not to buy new clothes just for job interviews? Finally, you_^better stay positive, even if you do not get the job. ere are other jobs

out there. You had better look for one that is even better.

Self-Assessment

pages 144–145 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. c 9. c 10. c 11. a 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. c

Unit 22 Necessity, Prohibition,

and Preference

How to Sell It

Necessity and Prohibition

1

page 146

2. must spend 3. do; need to do 4. have to advertise 5. Do; need to pay

6. don’t/do not need to pay 7. does; have to look

8. has to check 9. does; need to think 10. must not forget

2

page 147

Necessary Not Necessary Prohibited

1. ✓ 2. ✓ 3. ✓ 4. ✓ 5. ✓ 6. ✓ 7. ✓ 8. ✓

3

page 147 2. have to 3. must not 4. must not 5. has to 6. don’t have to had think had had

might not want to

had should

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Preference

1

page 148 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. b 10. c

2

page 149

2. would prefer to study 3. I’d like to give

4. would rather not watch 5. would prefer to watch 6. would rather see 7. would rather hear 8. would rather listen 9. than listen

3

page 150 2. Would; rather 3. do; prefer 4. Do; prefer 5. would like

4

page 150

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 151 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. b

2

page 151

We asked our customers what ads they

^ rather see. Most would rather to see ads that are funny. Many customers said ads must not be expensive. Ads don’t have to have great art, they said. ey would rather to see inexpensive ads with good jokes and good music. e music in an ad must not be famous. Customers prefer_^ hear music that is happy and easy to sing instead of famous songs. About 60 percent of our customers_^rather see ads after a TV show than during the show. About 80 percent of them said they would rather not to see “pop-up” ads on the Internet – ads that come on the screen suddenly while you’re looking at something else.

Self-Assessment

pages 152–153 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. a 8. c 9. b 10. c 11. a 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. c

Unit 23 Present and Future Probability

Life Today, Life Tomorrow

Present Probability

1

page 154 2. might 3. can’t 4. shouldn’t 5. must 6. should 7. might not 8. must

2

page 155 2. must be 3. might 4. must not 5. might not be 6. must/should/might 7. might

3

page 155

2. must be very proud of her 3. might be at school

4. must not / might not have her phone on 5. must not / can’t be serious

6. must not / might not have enough money

Modals of Future Probability

1

page 156 2. will 3. can’t 4. should 5. may 6. could 7. shouldn’t 8. Will 9. may not

2

pages 156–157

2. e number of bike riders could/should/might increase. 3. e number of traﬃc accidents shouldn’t increase. 4. ere should/might be fewer cars on the streets. 5. Rents could/might go up.

6. e population should increase.

7. New companies might move into the city.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

page 157 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. b would

don’t have/need to be

doesn’t have/need to be _to

(21)

2

page 158

Cars can not be part of our future. Instead, we maybe ﬂying around in tiny private planes. In the future, gasoline must become hard to get. As a result, the kind of car we have today can become harder to use. Gasoline must become very expensive. Will other types of cars become common? Yes, they might become. Also, researchers think that small airplanes maybe common in the future. It’s possible that these airplanes can run on power from the

sun. ey couldn’t need any power at all. Who knows? If tiny personal planes become common, will houses have little home airports instead of garages? Yes, they might have.

Self-Assessment

pages 158–159 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. b 7. c 8. a 9. c 10. a 11. c 12. b 13. a 14. b 15. c

Unit 24 Transitive and Intransitive

Verbs; Verbs and Prepositions

Getting Along at Work

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

1

page 160 2. T 3. I 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. I 9. T 10. T 11. T 12. I

2

page 160

When Iarrive at the office each morning, I walk to the kitchen. Imake a cup of coffee and say hello to my co-workers. After that, Itake my coffee to my desk and turn on my computer. During the day, Itype reports on my computer. I play music while I work. I always make sure to keep the volume low. at way if someoneknocks, I can stillhear them. Ieat lunch with my co-workers. In the summer, weeat outside.

Everyone in my office gets along well. We don’tfight or argue. Ithelps that there are only four of us! I work in a very small office. It’s easy for us tolike each other.

3

page 161 2. near a guy 3. clearly 4. to my oﬃce 5. loud music 6. headphones

7. something about the noise 8. at her desk

9. the food

4

page 161

Answers will vary.

Verb + Object +

Preposition Combinations

1

page 162 2. learn; from 3. explains; to 4. get; from 5. ask; for 6. remind; about 7. ask; for

2

page 162

2. His co-workers help him with diﬃcult tasks. 3. He asks them for advice.

4. He gets good feedback from them. 5. ey explain company policies to him. 6. He discusses problems with them.

3

page 163

Answers will vary.

Verb + Preposition Combinations

1

page 164 2. about 3. with 4. to 5. to 6. on 7. on 8. for 9. about 10. on 11. for

2

pages 164–165 2. for 3. about 4. for 5. at 6. on 7. with 8. to 9. for 10. about 11. on

3

page 165

Answers will vary.

Avoid Common Mistakes

1

pages 165–166 2. b 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. b

may may be

will

could will

may be could may not / might not / shouldn’t