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P e .ta,lJ PRCP2012 ;2(1 ) 87 N O I T C U D O R T N I f o s e s s a l c e h t g n o m

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d e r e d is n o c e r a h c i h w s t a r f o a ir d n o h c o ti m N E G n i s r o t a i d e m t n a t r o p m i e h t e b o t s a w t I . ] 5 [ y ti c i x o t o r h p e n d e c u d n i n o ri n a s a s t c a n i c i m a t n e g t a h t d e t r o p e r n o ri s i h t , r o t a l e h

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L [10] , dially l sulifde [11] , N E G t n e v e r p o t n w o n k e r a ] 2 1 [ n i m u c r u c -. e g a m a d l a n e r d e c u d n i f o s s a l c e h t o t s g n o l e b ) N D H ( n i d ir e p s e H d n u o f s i d n a s e n o n a v a lf d e ll a c s d i o n o v a lf f o r e b m u n A . ] 3 1 [ s ti u r f s u r ti c n i y l n i a m e h t d e n i m a x e e v a h s r e h c r a e s e r t n a d i x o it n

a ac itvtiy and radica l , g n i g n e v a c

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. e t a d o t d e t a g it s e v n i n e e b t o n e v a h d e t a g it s e v n i y d u t s t n e s e r p e h t , e r o f e r e h T N D H f o n o it a t n e m e l p p u s l a r o r e h t e h w t s n i a g a t c e t o r p d l u o

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i (Fig .1).

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F Moleculars tructureo fHespeirdin

S D O H T E M D N A S L A I R E T A M s l a c i m e h c d n a s g u r D , sl a c i m e h c a m g is m o r f d e n i a t b o s a w N D H . o C l a c i m e h c a m g i

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l a m i n A l a r t n e C e h t m o r f d e n i a t b o , g h tl a e H f o e t u ti t s n I h a i h t u M h a j a R , e s u o H l i m a T , y ti s r e v i n U i a l a m a n n A , s e c n e i c S 6 d e s u o h e r e w s l a m i n a e h T . a i d n I , u d a N h 2 1 a n o d e n i a t n i a m d n a , e g a c r e p s t a r y a

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2 f

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il The expe irment s involved wtih e h t o t g n i d r o c c a d e t c u d n o c e r e w s l a m i n a n a i n a m a r b u S

P e .ta,lJ PRCP2012 ;2(1 ) 87 N O I T C U D O R T N I f o s e s s a l c e h t g n o m

A aminoglyco isde

y l e d i w s i ) N E G ( n i c i m a t n e G , s c it o i b it n a t n e m t a e r t e h t r o f e c it c a r p l a c i n il c n i d e s u e fi l f

o -threatening Gram-negaitve d e t a l o si s a w t I . ] 1 [ s n o it c e f n i l a ir e t c a b m o r

f Micromonospora purpurea , gram r e t a w n i t n e s e r p y l e d i w a ir e t c a b e v it is o p d n

a soi l [2] . However , a majo r e d is o c y l g o n i m a f o e s u e h t n i n o it a c il p m o c , y ti c i x o t o t o l a it n e t o p r i e h t s i s c it o i b it n a . ] 4 , 3 [ y ti c i x o t o r h p e n d n a y ti c i x o t a p e h e v it c a e r e v it c u r t s e d s e t a r e n e g N E G e v it c a e r d n a ) S O R ( s e i c e p s n e g y x o a n e r e h t n i ) S N R ( s e i c e p s n e g o r ti

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d e r e d is n o c e r a h c i h w s t a r f o a ir d n o h c o ti m N E G n i s r o t a i d e m t n a t r o p m i e h t e b o t s a w t I . ] 5 [ y ti c i x o t o r h p e n d e c u d n i n o ri n a s a s t c a n i c i m a t n e g t a h t d e t r o p e r n o ri s i h t , r o t a l e h

c –gentamicin complex i s l a c i d a r e e r f f o t s y l a t a c t n e t o p a ] 6 [ n o it a r e n e g . a s i N E G y b d e c u d n i y ti c i x o t o r h p e N n a y b d e zi r e t c a r a h c n o n e m o n e h p x e l p m o c d o o l b , ) r C ( e n i n it a e r c m u r e s n i e s a e r c n i n i e s a e r c e d , ) N U B ( n e g o r ti n a e r u e r e v e s , ) R F G ( e t a r n o it a r tl if r a l u r e m o l g , si s o r c e n r a l u b u t l a n e r l a m i x o r p l u r e m o l g , y h p o r t r e p y h r a l u r e m o l

g a r

y b d e w o ll o f n o it a m m a lf n i d n a n o it s e g n o c e r u li a f l a n e r d n a n o it a r o ir e t e d l a n e

r [7 ,8] .

n o it a r t si n i m d

A ofs evera lcompound swtih t n a d i x o it n

a properite s ha s been e t a r o il e m a r o t n e v e r p o t d e s u y ll u f s s e c c u s , ] 9 [ n i n o t a l e m g n i d u l c n i , y ti c i x o t N E G e h t e n e p o c y

L [10] , dially l sulifde [11] , N E G t n e v e r p o t n w o n k e r a ] 2 1 [ n i m u c r u c -. e g a m a d l a n e r d e c u d n i f o s s a l c e h t o t s g n o l e b ) N D H ( n i d ir e p s e H d n u o f s i d n a s e n o n a v a lf d e ll a c s d i o n o v a lf f o r e b m u n A . ] 3 1 [ s ti u r f s u r ti c n i y l n i a m e h t d e n i m a x e e v a h s r e h c r a e s e r t n a d i x o it n

a ac itvtiy and radica l , g n i g n e v a c

s an itinlfammatory,an itallergeni , e v is n e t r e p y h it n a ,

c an itmicrobia,lhypoilpid ,

c i m

e anitcarcinogenic and vasodliatory , h g u o h tl A . ] 6 1 , 5 1 , 4 1 [ N D H f o s e it r e p o r p

ti ha sbeenr eportedt ha tHDNi se ffec itve d e c u d n i y ll a c i m e h c d n a e s a e si d t s n i a g a N E G n o s t c e ff e e h t , y ti c i x o

t -induced ARF

. e t a d o t d e t a g it s e v n i n e e b t o n e v a h d e t a g it s e v n i y d u t s t n e s e r p e h t , e r o f e r e h T N D H f o n o it a t n e m e l p p u s l a r o r e h t e h w t s n i a g a t c e t o r p d l u o

c the developmen to f N

E

G -induced ARF in male albino Wsita r n e v i g s i N D H f o e r u t c u r t s r a l u c e l o M . s t a r n

i (Fig .1).

1 . g i

F Moleculars tructureo fHespe irdin

S D O H T E M D N A S L A I R E T A M s l a c i m e h c d n a s g u r D , sl a c i m e h c a m g is m o r f d e n i a t b o s a w N D H . o C l a c i m e h c a m g i

S (St .Lousi ,MO ,USA) . y x a b n a R m o r f d e r u c o r p s a w N E G r e h t o l l A . a i d n I , i a b m u M , s e it o t a r o b a l e h t n i d e s u s l a c i m e h c d n a s l a c i m e h c o i b d e s a h c r u p e d a r g l a c it y l a n a f o e r e w y d u t s m o r

f Himedia and Ssico laborato ires , . a i d n I ,i a b m u M s l a m i n A e r e w s t n e m ir e p x e e h t ll

A car iredou twtih

0 8 1 g n i h g i e w s t a r o n i b l a r a t si W e l a

m –200

l a m i n A l a r t n e C e h t m o r f d e n i a t b o , g h tl a e H f o e t u ti t s n I h a i h t u M h a j a R , e s u o H l i m a T , y ti s r e v i n U i a l a m a n n A , s e c n e i c S 6 d e s u o h e r e w s l a m i n a e h T . a i d n I , u d a N h 2 1 a n o d e n i a t n i a m d n a , e g a c r e p s t a r y a

d and nigh tcycle a troomtemperature 2

2 f

o 0C . The animal s were fed wtih r e v e l n a t s u d n i H ( t e i d t e ll e p l a i c r e m m o c r e t a w d n a ) a i d n I , e r o l a g n a B , . d t

L ad

. m u ti b

il The expe irment s involved wtih e h t o t g n i d r o c c a d e t c u d n o c e r e w s l a m i n a n a i n a m a r b u S

P e .ta,lJ PRCP2012 ;2(1 ) 87 N O I T C U D O R T N I f o s e s s a l c e h t g n o m

A aminoglyco isde

y l e d i w s i ) N E G ( n i c i m a t n e G , s c it o i b it n a t n e m t a e r t e h t r o f e c it c a r p l a c i n il c n i d e s u e fi l f

o -threatening Gram-nega itve d e t a l o si s a w t I . ] 1 [ s n o it c e f n i l a ir e t c a b m o r

f Micromonospora purpurea , gram r e t a w n i t n e s e r p y l e d i w a ir e t c a b e v it is o p d n

a soi l [2] . However , a majo r e d is o c y l g o n i m a f o e s u e h t n i n o it a c il p m o c , y ti c i x o t o t o l a it n e t o p r i e h t s i s c it o i b it n a . ] 4 , 3 [ y ti c i x o t o r h p e n d n a y ti c i x o t a p e h e v it c a e r e v it c u r t s e d s e t a r e n e g N E G e v it c a e r d n a ) S O R ( s e i c e p s n e g y x o a n e r e h t n i ) S N R ( s e i c e p s n e g o r ti

n lcoritca l

d e r e d is n o c e r a h c i h w s t a r f o a ir d n o h c o ti m N E G n i s r o t a i d e m t n a t r o p m i e h t e b o t s a w t I . ] 5 [ y ti c i x o t o r h p e n d e c u d n i n o ri n a s a s t c a n i c i m a t n e g t a h t d e t r o p e r n o ri s i h t , r o t a l e h

c –gentamicin complex i s l a c i d a r e e r f f o t s y l a t a c t n e t o p a ] 6 [ n o it a r e n e g . a s i N E G y b d e c u d n i y ti c i x o t o r h p e N n a y b d e zi r e t c a r a h c n o n e m o n e h p x e l p m o c d o o l b , ) r C ( e n i n it a e r c m u r e s n i e s a e r c n i n i e s a e r c e d , ) N U B ( n e g o r ti n a e r u e r e v e s , ) R F G ( e t a r n o it a r tl if r a l u r e m o l g , si s o r c e n r a l u b u t l a n e r l a m i x o r p l u r e m o l g , y h p o r t r e p y h r a l u r e m o l

g a r

y b d e w o ll o f n o it a m m a lf n i d n a n o it s e g n o c e r u li a f l a n e r d n a n o it a r o ir e t e d l a n e

r [7 ,8] .

n o it a r t si n i m d

A ofs evera lcompound swtih t n a d i x o it n

a proper ite s ha s been e t a r o il e m a r o t n e v e r p o t d e s u y ll u f s s e c c u s , ] 9 [ n i n o t a l e m g n i d u l c n i , y ti c i x o t N E G e h t e n e p o c y

L [10] , dially l sulifde [11] , N E G t n e v e r p o t n w o n k e r a ] 2 1 [ n i m u c r u c -. e g a m a d l a n e r d e c u d n i f o s s a l c e h t o t s g n o l e b ) N D H ( n i d ir e p s e H d n u o f s i d n a s e n o n a v a lf d e ll a c s d i o n o v a lf f o r e b m u n A . ] 3 1 [ s ti u r f s u r ti c n i y l n i a m e h t d e n i m a x e e v a h s r e h c r a e s e r t n a d i x o it n

a ac itvtiy and radica l , g n i g n e v a c

s anitinlfammatory,anitallergeni , e v is n e t r e p y h it n a ,

c an itmicrobia,lhypoilpid ,

c i m

e anitcarcinogenic and vasodliatory , h g u o h tl A . ] 6 1 , 5 1 , 4 1 [ N D H f o s e it r e p o r p

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d n a l o r t n o c n i s e m y z n e r e k r a m

n i n e v i g e r a s p u o r g l a t n e m ir e p x

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is cedrat s

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( N D H h ti w d e t a e r t s t a

r Table2.)

f o s l e v e l e h t n i s e g n a h c n o N D H f o t c e ff E 2 e l b a

T u irnarymarke renzyme[ -Nacetyl-β-D-

glucosaminidase( NAG) ,β-glucuronidase ,γ-glutamylt ranspep itdase( γ-GTP) ]i n

theu irneo fnorma landexpe irmentalr ats.

a-cValuess ha irngacommons upersc irp tdono tdiffe r isgniifcanltya tP<0.05( DMRT .) .

p u o r g h c a e n i s t a r x is m o r f D S ± n a e m s a n e v i g e r a s e u l a V

N O I S S U C S I D

d e ti m il s i N E G f o n o it a c il p p a l a c i n il c e h T

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i n g i

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t i , y d u t s t n e s e r p e h t n I . si s o r c e n r a l u b u t

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g k / g m 0 0 1 f o e s o

d i scharacte irsed by a n

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a t n e m ir e p x E

s p u o r g

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l a t n e m ir e p x E

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N E G + N D

H 0.39±0.02c 1.94±0.10c 0.42±0.02c 54.21±3.85c

N D

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y l e k il t s o m n i e t o r p d n a e s o c u l g y r a n ir u n i

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s s e r t s e v it a d i x o g n ir u d d e v l o v n i s e m o s o s y l

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s ti d e ti b i h x e N D H , s u h T . y ti li b a t s l a m o s o s y l

g n it n e v e r p / g n it c e t o r p y b e u l a v c it u e p a r e h t

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r e h t o e h t n

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h c i h w , n o it a r tl if n i l i h p o r t u e n n o t c e ff e

it n a s ti b i h x

e -inlfammatoryproperty[ 32.] N

O I S U L C N O C

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s ti d e t r e x

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t a h t e s o p o r p e W . s r e k r a m y r a n ir u s u o ir a v

t n e t o p a s a y e n d i k e h t n i s t c a N D H

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a i m e h c si l a i d r a c o y m n

o -reperfu ison induced ; 5 0 0 2 y g o l o c i x o T . h t a e d l l e c c it o t p o p a

9 6 1 : 7 0

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H G n a m g a W , M

E Rossele tJP ,Marque z JA . m o r f x e l p m o c c it o i b it n a w e n a , n i c i m a t n e G

3 6 4 : 6 ; 3 6 9 1 m e h C d e M J . a r o p s o n o m o r c i

m – .4

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3 Rybak LP , Whtiworth CA . Ototoxictiy : .

s e it i n u t r o p p o c it u e p a r e h

t Drug Di s Today 3

1 3 1 : 0 1 ; 5 0 0

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x e d e s a e r c n

I res isono fhea tshockprotein72 m o r f s ll e c r a l u b u t l a m i x o r p l a n e r s t c e t o r p

n i c i m a t n e

g -induced injury . JKorean Med Sc i 4

0 9 : 1 2 ; 6 0 0

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6 YanagidaC ,tIoK ,KomiyaI ,HoireT .Protecitve n i c i m a t n e g n o n i c y m o f s o f f o t c e ff

e -induced

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1 Kalayarasan S , Prabhu PN , Srriam N , . G n a ri d n a h d u S , M m a g u m u r A , R n a d n a k i n a M

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2 Retie rRJ ,Tan DX ,Sain zRM ,MayoJC ,Lopez -d n a y ti c i x o t e h t g n i c u d e r : n i n o t a l e M . S o ll ir u B

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2 A -lMajed AA , Mostafa AM , Al-Rikab i AC , e

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; 2 0 0 2 s e R l o c a m r a h P . s t a r n i y ti c i x o t o r h p e n

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2 MaldonadoPD ,BarreraD ,Medina-Campo sON , z

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E

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3 Galat i EM , Monforte MT , Kijravainen S , . M M o d o p ir T , A o t a v o r T , M A i r e it s e r o F

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9 0 7 : 0 4 ; 4 9 9 1 o c a m r a F . y ti v it c a c is e g l a n

References

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