Distributed Generation of Renewable Resources...

8

Distributed Generation of Renewable

Resources of J&K

Navreen Banoo

, Yasmeen Akhter

, Masrood Hadi

,

Fariz Gulzar

, Prachi Verma

Guide: Prof. Karan Gupta.

ABSTRACT

Distribution generation is the method in which energy is generated near the consumer end . The renewable resources utilization will not only provide energy but also eco- friendly and reduce the transportation cost also. Distribution generation is the way to harness the energy from renewable resources efficiently. The state J &K is the northern state of our country. India is fully blessed with a large amount of potential for utilization of renewable energy .At present, our state is not able to harness all energy from the resources present . If the state is able to harness, it will beneficial for our state. As wind energy ,hydro energy , solar energy, geothermal energy are abundantly available in the state. The hydro-electric power has tremendous potential for generation of electricity because of presence of network of stream and canals .However ,state J & k have experience an energy cric is our some period. There is also a abundance of At & C losses in over state, the government is also taking some steps to reduce this losses. This paper represent the current scenario , potential and utilization of J & K Renewable energy in the form of solar, hydro, wind and geothermal present in Jammu and Kashmir.

Index terms –potential, current scenario of energy & utilisation

INTRODUCTION

In developing countries like India faces problem of lack of electricity. Distributed Generation represents an opportunity to quickly increase the valve of life of an individual. Distributed Generation has many benefits as compared to convention al one. Distributed Generation include application of small generators typically ranging from 5kw to 10mw near the consumer site. Today bulk of Distributed Generation are used but using fuels that degrade the environment .They produce greenhouse gases ,noise and have high maintance . Hence this problem pushes towards the utilisation of Renewable resources. The state j and k has immence renewable resources but yet not utilized fully .Historically ,central plants of electric grid in which large generation facilities are specially located either close to resources located far from population load centre. It involve lot of transportation costs hence tariffs increase . Due to this problem and crices in our state , govt. both state and central take some steps to reduce this problem . In this paper we deal with the renewable resources energy aspects.

Background of Jammu $ Kashmir;

 N latitude and72e80

 E longitude The state comprises6.7% of the total geographical area of the country, covering over2.22 lakh square km, of which about 30% is under cultivation. Despite small geographical area, the state is blessed climatic conditions, topography and natural resources for cultiva- of a wide range of agro-horticultural crops

[4]. As per the census

9 petroleum it will be beneficial to harness energy renewable energy to overcome energy problems. Jammu and Kashmir state has immense renewable energy and but till now, not utilize fully. Jammu and Kashmir state in northern region of great Himalayan This mean ambient temperature through out the year ranges from 13 to 28C in our state 25.7C in Jammu, 16.32C In Kashmir and 6.37C in Leh region .Jammu and Kashmir state is one of the potential region of hydroelectric generation due to tawi Indus ,Jhelum , Chenab and its tributaries.

Key highlights of jammu and kashmir

Population 1.2 cr

Area 222,236 sq km

Administration 22 districts

82 tehsil 143 block

Natural resources Solar ,wind, hydro and geothermal

The generation capacity available in the state as per 2016

sector R E

State 110.96

Private 42.5

Central ---

The FY15 demand supply situation is highlighted below

item Peak energy

requirement 2,650 MW 16214MW

availibility 2,043MW 13,119MW

deficit 23% 19%

Per capita consumption in KWh for last five years

FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15

J&k 988 1,015 1,043 1,000 1,100

State peak defict %

Particulars Fy 13 Fy 14 Fy15

Peak demand (MW) 2550 2600 2650

Peak Available (MW) 1817 1998 2043

Peak Shortage (%) 28.75 23.42 22.91

Energy Losses ( AT& C) : The proposed capacity additions by JKPDD will add 238 substations having 2,827 MVA capacity in FY19. Similarly, the addition in lines is expected to improve the HT:LT ratio which will result in reduction of technical losses. The JKPDD will undertake significant initiative in improving the extent and quality of metering and ensure 100% consumer metering and deployment of the most modern techniques including prepaid/smart metering etc. by FY19. The JKPDD is presently faced with AT&C losses to the tune of 64% (FY15) . Region wise AT&C loss levels suggest that the average AT&C losses for Kashmir region are higher at 74.73%, whereas, for Jammu region the AT&C losses are 48.81%. While Kathua, Samba and Udhampur have AT&C loss below 40%.

AT&C Loss Fy15 Fy16 Fy17 Fy18 Fy19

10 Regional wise AT AND C LOSES (Fy 15 -16)

Region losses Region losses Region losses Kathua 35% Kishtwar 55% anantanag 73%

Sambha 36% Leh 55% srinagar 75%

udhampur 37% Jammu 56% ganderbal 75%

Ramban 50% Poonch 60% kupwara 77%

Rajouri 51% Doda 64% kulgam 78%

Reasi 53% Baramulla 69% pulwama 79%

Kargil 54% Shopian 72% budgam 79%



River basin Potential identified

harnessed Under construction Chenab 11,283M

W

1664 MW 450 MW

Jhelum basin 3,084MW 750 MW 240 MW

Ravi basin 500MW 10 MW 120 MW

Indus basin 1608MW 13 MW 90 MW

The estimated hydro-power potential of jammu and Kashmir is 20,000MW, of which about 16,475 have been identified.

Sector Hydro harnessed potential Under

execution MW

Planned MW

State 758.70 452.76 2566.50

Private 17.50 760.5 50

Central 1680 659 1020

Total 2456.2 1872.26 3636.5

Hydroelectric power project in j and k are listed below Hydroelectric power

project

District River Capacity

Baglihar ramban chenab 900MW

chennani udhampur chenab 23.3 MW

Chennani III udhampur tawi 7.5MW

Chutak kargil suru 44 MW

Dulhasti Kishtwar chenab 390MW

ganderbal srinagar jhelum 37MW

Iqbal kargil wakharong 3.7MW

kishanganga bandipura kishanganga 330 MW Lower Jhelum baramulla jhelum 105MW

Nimmo bazo Leh indus 45MW

Ranjit sagar Kathua ravi 600MW

Salal –I & II udhampur chenab 690MW

Sewa –II kathua sewa 120 MW

sewa III Kathua ravi 120MW

Stakna leh indus 4MW

11 project

Upper Sindh II Srinagar jhelum 105MW Uri -I baramullah jhelum 240 MW Uri –II Baramullah jhelum 240 MW

Parnai baflaiz baflaiz 37.5MW

sawlakote ramban Chenab 1856 MW Lower kalnai doda chenab 48MW

CASE STUDY

1) Rattle hydropower plant: Ratle Hydroelectric Plant is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station currently under construction on the Chenab River, downstream of the village of Ratle, near Drabshalla in Kishtwar district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir .

Height: 133 m Opened: 2022 Impound: Chenab River

Active capacity: 10,000,000

m3 (8,100 acre⋅ft) Hydraulic head: 100.39 m

(329.4 ft) Construction began: 2013

2) Pakal Dul: The Pakal Dul Dam is a proposed concrete-face rock-fill dam on the Marusadar River, a tributary of the Chenab River, in Kishtwar district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation.

Height: 167 m Status: P roposed

Opened: 2023 Construction began: 2018

Location: Kishtwar district, Jammu and Kashmir

Turbines: 4 x 250 MW Francis-type

3) Kishanganga hydropower plant: The Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant is an $864 million run-of-the-river hydroelectric scheme that is designed to divert water from the Kishanganga River to a power plant in the Jhelum River basin. It is located 5 km north of Bandipore in Jammu and Kashmir, India and will have an installed capacity of 330 MW.

Operator: NHPC Limited

Units (MW): 3 x 110

Region: Northern Location: Kullu

Status: Under

construction

Others hydropower projects

Project Capacity Location

Dah 9MW Lah

Hanu 9MW Leh

Kiru 624MW Kishtawar

 Utilisation and potential of RE

Solar power potential

12 It is worthwhile to mention here that average solar energy at leh is 5300Whr\m2\day while the estimated average for kargil and nubra is 5390 Whr\m2\day and 5300 Whr\m\day respectively because area of Ladakh region have best raditions in the country.

Quarterly average insolation for jammu and Kashmir (KWK\m^2\h)

quarterly

Ist quarterly ( january to march) 3.5KW 2nd quarterly( april to june) 2.5KW 3rd quarterly( july to September) 6.5KW 4th quarterly( October to December) 3.5KW

Solar power plant in j and k ;

 1MW rooftop solar plant was built at katra .

 Solar power plant in udhampur

 20kwh grid interactive solar plant at RBI in jammu

Solar power plant are mention below;

Solar plant

Pavagada, karnataka

Kurnool, Andhra pradesh

Kamuthi, Tamil nadu

Bhadla, Rajasthan

Charanka, Gujurat

CASE STUDY:

The solar energy corporation of India(SECI) recently issued a global tender to set up 2.5GW of solar power capacity in kargil district and 5GW of solar power capacity in leh district , both located in the India northern most state of jammu and Kashmir. This tender is part of the overall solar installed capacity target for the state of 323GW. The tender offer one block (solar park) of 2.5GW in kargil, and two blocks (solar park) of 2.5GW each in leh.

Wind energy potential

A wind energy assessment has assessed the wind energy potential in different regions of Jammu and Kashmir. it is evident that Leh region has comparatively higher potential for wind energy. From meteorological data, the average wind velocity in Leh does not fall below 4m/s [4].

Table; Wind energy potential in different district of Jammu and Kashmir.

District Wind energy potential (KWH)

Leh 7000

Udhampur 5000

Anatnag 5000

Baramulla 5000

Kupwara 5000

13 First wind power plant in jammu and Kashmir : Work on Jammu and Kashmir's first wind power plant will begin in FY 2018 The wind power project will be constructed at Bidda village, Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir. The project is estimated to cost Rs 46 crore National Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE) has identified a site at Bidda village which can generate 25 MW power Jammu and Kashmir Energy Development Agency (JAKEDA) has made the necessary arrangements to use the available potential of six MW power in the first phase.

Geothermal Potential:

Nature has enriched this geographically isolated and mountainous region with a number of hot springs in Changthang and Nubra regions of Leh Ladakh. According to a survey by a German based NGO a few years ago, the hot springs of Chumathang and Puga valley in the Changthang area alone have the capability of producing 240 Mega Watts (MW) of electricity . The state Govt. should pay attention towards exploiting these geothermal sources of energy for the benefit of people. In case the energy of these hot springs is being harnessed with geothermal technology, Ladakh region will get surplus power supply throughout the year and in this way, a major grievance of the inhabitants of this region can be redressed.

Following are the hot spring in jammu and Kashmir are given below. Nubra valley, ladakh

district

Chumathang, leh district Nagrota, jammu district Hunder, nubra

valley Sakti, leh diistrict Sonmarg,

Ganderbal district Shey, leh district Awantipore,

pulwama district Hanle, leh district Darang

kharpora, budgam district Stakna, lah district Shadrara shrif,

rajouri district Alchi, leh district Lamayuru, leh

district

Mansar, samba district Spangmik, leh district

Verinag, anantnag district Samba, District Sanasar, Ramban district Turtuk, leh

14 CASE STUDY

Potential geothermal development in Puga Valley : Puga Valley in the Ladakh region of Jammu & Kashmir is one of the areas in India, that showed significant potential for geothermal energy in early studies by the Indian government. Puga lies in the south-eastern part of Ladakh and forms a part of the Himalayan geothermal belt. This zone shows evidence of geothermal activity in the form of hot springs, mud pools, sulphur and borax deposits .Studies have indicated that there is a 90% probability that the Puga field could sustain a 20 MW power plant at the current shallow depth of drilling. A 20 MW geothermal plant at Puga could save three million litres of diesel burnt annually in the regi on at a cost of approximately $ 2 million.

CONCLUSION

The wide rage of potential application for distribution generation (DG), decentralization of power system and the trend to use renewable energies in most development countries suggest that DG may have a large share in power generation in future. Nevertheless, more research and development is required to overcome the barriers that DG systems are currently confronting. Higher efficiency, lower emissions and lower capital costs are the main goals these DG systems need to accomplish.

REFERENCES

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[2] https://cleantechnica.com/2019/01/05/india-announces-7-5-gigawatt-solar-tenders-in-jammu-kashmir/ [3] https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/harnessing-solar-energy-least-priority-jk-despite-huge-potential/

[4] https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/jk-has-hydro-power-potential-of-16475-mw-j-k-govt/62444499.

[5] Bhardwaj, A., Tung, N. S., Shukla, V. K., & Kamboj, V. K. (2012). The important impacts of unit commitment constraints in power system planning. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development, 5(2), 301-306.

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[12] https://www.thrillophilia.com/ladakh-weather

[13] https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/jammu-and-kashmir/leh-24802/?amp=true [14] https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/jammu-and-kashmir/kargil-24807/?amp=true

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