PSAT
Powerflow & Short-circuit Analysis Tool
User Manual
A product of
Powertech Labs Inc.
Surrey, British Columbia Canada
www.powertechlabs.com www.DSATools.com
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Copyright Powertech Labs Inc. 20022011
CONTENTS
Page
1
PREFACE
1
2
PROGRAM INSTALLATION AND TESTING
2
2.1 Minimum System Requirements 2
2.2 Installing the Program 2
2.3 Installing Driver/Server for Security Keys 3
2.4 Running the Program 3
3
OVERVIEW
4
3.1 Windows Graphical Interface 4
3.2 Getting Started 5
3.2.1 PSAT Main Window 5
3.2.2 Creating new Project and Powerflow 6
3.2.3 Opening, Viewing and Modifying a Project 7
3.2.4 Creating a New Diagram 8
3.2.5 Adding Components Graphically 8
3.2.6 Solving Powerflow 9
3.2.7 Viewing Solution Reports 9
3.2.8 Macros 9
3.2.9 Python Scripts 10
4
DATA AND REPORT TABLES
11
4.1 Modifying Powerflow Data in Tables 11 4.2 Customizing Data and Report Tables 12
4.3 Sorting Data and Report Tables 12
4.4 Filtering Data and Report Tables 13 4.5 Searching Data and Report Tables 14
5
BUS VIEW
15
6
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
16
6.1 Powerflow and Diagram Files 16
6.2 Using the SLD Toolbox 16
6.3 Using the Bus Tree 18
6.4 Drawing Features 19
6.4.1 Zooming 19
6.4.2 Cropping the Diagram 19
6.4.3 Redrawing the Connections 19
6.4.4 Labels 20
6.4.5 Animation of Flows 21
6.4.6 SLD Contours 21
6.4.7 Automatic Drawing Auto Generate One Level 21
6.4.8 Automatic Drawing Bus Split 21
6.4.9 Adding Other Drawing Objects 22
7.1 File Menu 23
7.2 Solution Menu 24
7.3 Reports Menu 25
7.4 Subsystem Menu 25
7.5 Edit Menu for Data Windows 26
7.5.1 Data Manipulation Submenu 27
7.6 Edit Menu for Report Windows 28
7.7 Edit Menu for Diagram Windows 28
7.8 Settings Menu 28
7.8.1 Background Submenu 30
7.8.2 Bus View Label Appearance Submenu 30
7.9 Script Menu 30
7.10 View Menu 31
7.11 Window Menu 32
8
DIALOGS
33
8.1 Open and Save As Dialogs 33
8.2 Import Powerflow Dialog 33
8.3 Export Powerflow Dialog 34
8.4 Page Setup Dialog 34
8.5 Print Dialog 34
8.6 Preview and Print Dialog 34
8.7 Solution Parameters Dialog 35
8.8 Bus Mismatch Threshold Dialog 36
8.9 Limit Check Options Dialog 36
8.10 Simple Subsystems Dialog 37
8.11 Composite Subsystems Dialog 39
8.12 Table Customization Dialog 41
8.13 Diagram Data Matching Dialog 42
8.14 Comparison Data Matching Dialog 42
8.15 Color Options Dialog 43
8.16 Contour Options Dialog 45
8.17 Set Label Appearance Dialogs 45
8.18 Show / Hide Labels Dialog 46
8.19 Customize Dialog 46
8.20 Set Bus Dialogs 47
8.21 Set Area, Zone, Owner Dialogs 48
8.22 Bus Connections Dialog 48
8.23 Sectional Branch Dialog 49
8.24 Select Branch Dialog 49
8.25 Composite Label Dialog 50
8.26 Interface Label Dialog 50
9
MODELS AND PROPERTIES
51
9.1 AC Bus 51 9.2 Generator 52 9.3 Load 54 9.4 Load Model 55 9.5 Fixed Shunt 57 9.6 Switchable Shunt 57 9.7 AC Line 59 9.8 Fixed Transformer 60 9.9 Adjustable Transformer 61
9.10 Impedance Correction Table 64
9.12 Fixed Series Compensator 69
9.13 Adjustable Series Compensator 70
9.14 Static Tap Changer / Phase Regulator 72
9.15 DC Bus 76
9.16 DC Line Commutated Converters 76
9.17 Voltage Source Converter 78
9.18 DC Line 80 9.19 DC Breaker 81 9.20 Area 82 9.21 Zone 82 9.22 Owner 82 9.23 Sectional Branch 83 9.24 Case Description 83
10
DATA MANIPULATION
84
10.1 Reassign Zone Error! Bookmark not defined.
10.2 Reassign Area 84
10.3 Scale MW Generation 85
10.4 Scale Load 85
10.5 Scale MVAr Load 86
10.6 Scale Fixed Shunt 86
10.7 Convert Load Model 87
10.8 Delete Out-of-Service 87
11
SOLVING POWERFLOW
88
11.1 Governor Response 89
12
COMPARING TWO POWERFLOWS
90
13
REDUCTION
91
13.1 How to Reduce a Network 91
13.2 Purging from the Network 92
14
SHORT CIRCUIT
93
14.1 How to Run Short Circuit Analysis 93
14.2 Menus of Short Circuit Window 94
15
PSAT ASCII POWERFLOW FILE FORMAT
95
15.1 Solution History Data 95
15.2 Bus Data 97
15.3 Generator Data 97
15.4 Load Data 99
15.5 Load Model Data 101
15.6 Fixed Shunt Data 101
15.7 Switchable Shunt / SVC / STATCON Data 102
15.8 Line Data 103
15.9 Fixed Transformer Data 104
15.10 ULTC Transformer Data 106
15.11 Impedance Correction Tables 108
15.16 Area Interchange Data 116
15.17 Interface Data 117
15.18 Multi-Terminal DC Data 118
15.18.1 Line Commutated Converters 118
15.18.2 DC Lines 121 15.18.3 DC Breakers 122 15.18.4 DC Buses 122 15.18.5 Miscellaneous Data 122 15.18.6 Voltage-Sourced Converter 123 15.19 Zone Data 125
15.20 Node Mapping Data 125
1 Preface
The PSAT software is a full-featured graphical powerflow program to create, examine and modify the powerflow data, solve the powerflow, and view the solution reports. The powerflow data and solution are displayed in Tables as well as on Diagrams.
The powerflow data contains a complete and advanced set of models of power system components. It can be imported from (and exported to) commonly used powerflow data formats such as the PSS/E Raw data (versions 26-32), GE EPC data (version 16), etc.
The Single Line Diagram (SLD) is created easily by dragging and dropping the symbols of buses, generators, lines, etc., on the diagram. The Bus View diagram graphically shows all components at a selected bus.
Several diagrams can be created from a powerflow data, each representing a different part of the system or different level of details. These diagrams can be saved in individual files and used with another (similar) powerflow data. In addition to its own macro, PSAT supports scripting in Python. A separate user‟s guide described the features and functionalities of this option.
This manual describes the overall operation of PSAT. Chapter 2 describes the program installation. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the program features and operation.
2 Program Installation and Testing
This chapter describes program installation and testing on Windows XP/Vista/7 systems. In addition to installing the program, you must install the driver and server for the security key.
2.1 Minimum System Requirements
The minimum hardware and software requirements for the Windows version are: 1. PC Pentium IV
2. 50 Mb of free hard disk space 3. 2 GB of RAM
4. VGA card
5. Windows 7, Vista, XP or Server2003 (or higher versions of these operating systems) 6. Acrobat Reader1 5 or higher for viewing the User Manual
2.2 Installing the Program
Running the installation program provided on a CD creates the necessary folders and files on your computer. To install the software:
1. Place the CD in your CD drive. After a few seconds, the Powertech Software Installation Guide window will appear on your screen. In this case go to step 3, otherwise go to step 2.
2. To open the Powertech Software Installation Guide window, from the Start menu of your computer select Run and type:
X:\start.exe
where X is the drive in which the CD is inserted (e.g. D:\start.exe)
3. To start the installation of PSAT, click on Install DSA Software. When the DSAToolsTM installer window appears, follow the steps as shown on your screen to complete the installation. The installation steps are: 3.1 Display of program information and welcome message.
3.2 Display of License Agreement: You must accept the terms of license to complete the installation. 3.3 Display of installation information.
3.4 Selection of destination folder: By default, the installation program creates a directory named DSATools_n (n is the version number, e.g., 11) on the destination drive (C) where it puts PSAT folder and its files. You may change this default destination to other directories/drives.
3.5 Selection of setup type: You may select to install some or all of the DSAToolsTM components provided on the CD. The “Typical” setup (default) installs all components. The “Custom” setup allows you to choose
which component is to be installed. In the Custom setup window, click on the arrow beside each component to make your selection from the drop-down list.
3.6 After copying the files, the installation creates a folder named DSATools under Start | Programs menu with subfolder PSAT n.m (n.m is the program version number, e.g. 11.0) and places shortcuts to the executables in this folder.
2.3 Installing Driver/Server for Security Keys
You may be provided with stand-alone (single-user) keys or a network key. For these keys to function properly, you must installed:
Driver for stand-alone key on all computers running PSAT. One key must be connected to theparallel port or USB port of each computer running the program.
Driver and Server for network key on a computer on the network where you intend to connect thesecurity key. This server must be running for PSAT to obtain license from the network key and run (on any computer on the network).
Optionally, the Monitoring Tool to track the use of licenses of the network key.Click on Install Sentinel Driver/Server (or run the Sentinel\Sentinel Protection Installer.exe program from the CD) to install the driver and, if needed, the server for the security key. When the Sentinel installer window appears, follow the steps as indicated on the screen.
You may choose the “Custom” setup type to select the parallel driver or USB driver (depending on the type of key you have received with the software; install both drivers on Windows XP) and the server to be installed.
For more information, refer to the Sentinel\Readme.pdf file on the CD. You may need administrative privileges to install the driver/server. To complete the driver/server installation, the computer must be rebooted.
2.4 Running the Program
Connect the Security key to the parallel or USB port and, in case of the network key, make sure its server is running on the same computer. You may run the Monitoring Tool to check the server and available licenses in the key. If you have installed driver and server as described above, the server will start automatically every time you start the computer.
Under the Start | Programs menu, find and click the PSAT shortcut to start the program. You may copy this shortcut to your desktop for easier access.
3 Overview
This chapter describes the overall features and operation of PSAT. With PSAT, you can create a new powerflow data (case) and save it, open an existing powerflow data file in the PSAT ASCII (see Appendix I for details) or PSAT binary data (PFB or PSF), or import a powerflow data file in a variety of formats. You can also create Single Line Diagrams (SLD) of the system by drawing some or all buses in the powerflow data and their connections. The data can be viewed and modified through Properties dialogs or data tables.
You can then solve the powerflow and view the solution on the diagram or solution tables. PSAT also supports a network reduction facility that can be used to eliminate a portion of the system by computing appropriate equivalents at boundary buses.
You can also perform the classical short circuit analysis for the powerflow case with a specified sequence data or default data and view the results in a table or on the diagram.
Each diagram can be saved in a file. You may store the powerflow data and any number of diagrams in a PSAT Project (PSP) file. By opening a project file, the powerflow data and all its diagrams will be loaded in and available for display. The diagrams created for a powerflow data (case) can be used for another (similar) case without the need for redrawing them. In this way, you can mix and match saved powerflow and diagram files in several project files.
Many aspects of the data/solution tables and diagrams are customizable. The configuration files remember your customizations and appearances of the tables and diagrams. In addition, PSAT supports scripting in Python that allows the users to perform a variety of operations on the power system including data manipulation, obtaining specialized reports, etc.
3.1 Windows Graphical Interface
The PSAT interface and its description in this manual follow the standard Windows convention. The PSAT main window includes several menus, toolbars and sub-windows that function similar to commonly used Windows programs.
“Select” or “Click” in this manual means you move the mouse to position the cursor on an object,e.g., a menu item, button, tool icon, or title bar of a window or dialog box, and press the left mouse key to select that object.
“Right click” means a similar action except that you press the right mouse button instead of theleft one.
“Drag” means you select an object and while you keep the left mouse key pressed, move the cursor to another position.
“Drop” means after you drag an object to a new position, you release the mouse button, so theobject stays at the new position.
On the diagrams, if you press the left mouse button and drag the mouse, a dotted rectangle shows the growing selected area and when you release the mouse button, all objects in that rectangle will be selected together. You can also hold the Shift key while clicking on (selecting) several objects to have them selected together.
In PSAT several windows can be open at the same time. One of these is the “active” window and is the focus of mouse click, menu selection and keyboard. To make any window the “active” window, click on the title bar or anywhere else in that window, or select it from the Window menu.
3.2 Getting Started
This section is a brief tutorial to familiarize you with the operation of PSAT, using the samples provided with the program. The next chapters describe the program features and interface in detail.
In PSAT, you deal with Powerflow, Single Line Diagram (SLD) and Project files. A PSAT Project is a collection of a powerflow data and one or more associated diagrams. You can create new powerflow, diagram and project files, or open existing (previously created and saved) files.
3.2.1 PSAT Main Window
When you start the program (see Section 2.4) the PSAT main window appears with:
The menu bar
The toolbars with icons for commands such as open, save, etc.
The SLD toolbox (bar on the right margin of the PSAT main window) with symbols for AC bus,generator, etc., for drawing diagrams, and Drawing toolbox with symbols for line, rectangle, grouping, etc., for adding and arranging drawing symbols in the diagrams
Three panes for the project, data/report tables and diagrams, and messages (if the message window is hidden, open it by selecting Message in the View menu)The main window is better described by first loading a sample project. From the File menu select Open Project… and choose test1.psp in samples subdirectory of PSAT to open it.
The three panes of the PSAT main window show the following:
Workspace Window
The Workspace window appears on the left and has two tabs (on the bottom). The Project Tab contains the tree structure of:
Single line Diagrams
Powerflow Data
Solution Reports
Data Verifications
Limit ChecksThe Bus Tree Tab shows the Bus Tree for drawing Single Line Diagrams.
By clicking on the + icon beside Single Line Diagrams in the Project tab, it expands to show all diagrams files in the current project. Clicking the + icon beside Powerflow Data expands the tree to shows the list of all tables (categories) of powerflow data, e.g. AC Bus, Generator, etc. Clicking the + icon beside Solution Reports shows the list of all reports, e.g. Bus Mismatches, Bus Flows, etc. Clicking the + icon beside Data Verifications shows the list of all verification categories, e.g., Islands, Isolated Buses, etc. Clicking the + icon beside Limit Checks shows the list of all types of checks, e.g., Bus Under/Over Voltages, Overloaded Lines, etc.
In the Bus Tree Tab, by clicking on the + icon beside each bus in the Bus Tree, it expands to show all components at that bus by their symbol and ID. If a component is a line (or transformer, etc.), the tree shows the bus at the other end of the line (or transformer, etc.). See section 6.3 for more information.
The right part of the window contains opened diagrams, data tables and reports. Double clicking on a diagram filename under Single Line Diagrams of the Workspace window, opens that diagram in a window in the right pane. Similarly, double clicking a Powerflow Data table (e.g. AC Bus) or a Solution Report table (e.g. Bus Mismatches) in the Workspace window, opens that data or report table in the right pane.
The windows in the right pane can be resized, minimized or rearranged (cascade/tile). The columns of the tables can be customized by adjusting their width, reordering, hiding and freezing (so that they won‟t scroll left). The data in the tables can also be sorted by one or more columns.
For drawing a Single Line Diagram (SLD), first an existing or new diagram window is opened in the right pane, then buses (and their connected components) are dragged from the Bus Tree of the Workspace window and dropped in this diagram window.
Message Window
The bottom pane of the main window shows the message window, which has three tabs:
Messages: This tab shows messages related to opening/importing powerflow files, solving, saving/exporting powerflow files, etc. Right-click in this tab to open the pop-up menu with commands for clearing or saving its contents.
Change Log: This tab shows the log of data modifications in the tables, diagrams and Property dialogs.
Right-click in this tab to open the pop-up menu with commands for clearing or saving its contents.
Macro: This tab shows all the recorded Macro activities. Use the Macro menu or right-click in this tab to open the pop-up menu with commands for clearing, modifying (editing) or saving the contents of this tab.
The Workspace and Message windows can be “torn off” by dragging their handle bars (the bar on the top or left margin) away from their docked position and leaving them anywhere in the desktop. You may even close these windows by clicking the x button on their title bar (when they are torn off) or deselecting them in the View menu. To redisplay these windows, select them again in the View menu.
3.2.2 Creating new Project and Powerflow
In the PSAT main window, from the File menu select New Project. A new (empty) powerflow case will be created. You can add new buses, generators, lines, and other components to the powerflow data in two ways:
1. Open a Data table and use the Insert New Row command of the Edit menu as described below. 2. Open a new or existing Diagram and use the SLD Toolbox as described in sections 3.2.5 and 6.2
For example, double click on AC Bus under Powerflow Data in the Project tab of the Workspace window to open the AC Bus table on the right. Then use the Edit | Insert New Row menu (or press the F2 key) to add a new bus to the table. This command first opens the Property dialog where you can enter/modify data for the added bus.
When you add a bus, after closing the Property dialog, the Bus Connections dialog opens where you can add generators, loads, etc., to the new bus. You may choose not to add any component at this time and close this dialog to return to the AC Bus table. You may then open the Generator table, Load table, etc. and use the Edit | Insert
New Row menu to add new components. For these components, a dialog first appears to select one of the existing
buses for connecting the new component. Then, the Property dialog appears for entering data for the new component.
To delete a powerflow component, open its Data table, click on the row of that component to select it, and use the
Delete Row command of the Edit menu.
You may modify the powerflow data at any time by entering new values in the cells of Data tables, or Property dialogs. To open the Property dialog of a component, double click on it in the Data table, Bus Tree or Diagram. You save the powerflow data that you have created by selecting File | Save Powerflow as... menu item. This will open the “Save as” window where you can navigate the directories and choose a filename for the powerflow data to be saved in.
Similarly, you can save the diagram that you may have created by clicking on its window (or double clicking on its name under Single Line Diagrams in the Project Tab) and then selecting File | Save Diagram as… menu item. You may then save the new project (powerflow and diagram files) by selecting File | Save Project as... menu item.
3.2.3 Opening, Viewing and Modifying a Project
From the File menu select Open Project… and in the “Open” window that appears, find a PSAT Project file (PSP) and click open. For example, you may open test1.psp in samples subdirectory of PSAT.
As described in Section 3.2.1, the Project tab of the Workspace window in the left shows the diagrams and powerflow data of the opened project. By clicking on a diagram filename under Single Line Diagrams in the Workspace window, that diagram opens in a window in the right pane of the PSAT main window. Also, clicking on each table name (AC Bus, Generator, etc.) under Powerflow Data in the Workspace window, that table appears in a window in the right pane. In the test1 project, clicking the test1-a diagram opens this diagram, which contains some of the buses in this case, and clicking the AC Bus opens the AC bus table, which shows data of all AC buses in this case.
Instead of opening a project, you may open an existing PSAT Power Flow Binary (PFB) file without any diagram. For this, select File | Open Powerflow menu item and in the Open window that appears, choose a PSAT powerflow binary file to open. If a PSAT project (PSP) file with the same name is found, the program will ask you whether to open that project or not. If you select No, or if a project file is not found, a new project is created with this powerflow file.
If the powerflow file is not in the PFB (or binary PSF) format, you need to select File | Import… menu item. This will open the Import window where you specify the powerflow file and its type and click the Import button to convert it to PFB format.
If you have previously created and saved a diagram (in another project), to include it in the current project, select
File | Open Diagram menu and choose that diagram file to open. For example, in the test1 project you can open
test1-b.pfd in samples subdirectory. If the opened diagram was created for another powerflow data and has some components that do not exist in the current powerflow data, those components are ignored and only the remaining components (which match the current data) appear in the diagram. In this case (and after modifying the diagram), it is better to save the diagram in a new file so that the original diagram won‟t be lost.
It is also possible to open/import a powerflow or diagram by simply dragging the file from the windows file manager into the PSAT main window.
As described in the previous section, to modify a data item of a component (e.g. MW output of a generator), simply open its Powerflow Data table, click on the item in the table and type a new value, or double click on that component in the table (or in the diagram) to open its Property dialog and enter new values for its data items.
3.2.4 Creating a New Diagram
To create a new single line diagram of powerflow components, select File | New Diagram menu. It opens a new (blank) diagram window in the right pane. Click on the Bus Tree tab in the left pane to display the Bus Tree. Drag a bus from the Bus Tree to the diagram window and drop it at a desired location. All generators, loads and shunts connected to this bus will be automatically drawn. Also, after adding other buses, any line, transformer, etc., connecting the added bus to the existing buses on the diagram will be automatically drawn. See section 6.3 for more information.
If you cut (erase) any component (select it and press Delete key) from the diagram, you can redraw it by dragging it from the Bus Tree to the diagram window and joining it to its bus(es). The components that are drawn on the diagrams are shown in bold in the Bus Tree.
To display bus names/numbers, line IDs, etc., select one or more buses, lines, etc., on the diagram (click on them while holding the Shift key or hold the left mouse key and drag on the diagram), then open the View menu and click on Label (or click the label icon on the toolbar). The Show / Hide Labels Dialog opens. Select Bus Name, ID, etc., by clicking on the box beside each item, then click the Apply button. If you click the Apply All button instead, the selected labels appear on all drawn components. Click the OK button to close the Show / Hide Labels dialog (or click the x button on the top-right corner) and click on the diagram to deselect the selected components.
After you modify the diagrams or powerflow data, you can save them in the existing files or in new files by selecting File | Save Diagram (as…) and File | Save Powerflow (as…) menu items. Alternatively, you can save them by selecting Save Project or Save Project as... from the File menu.
3.2.5 Adding Components Graphically
You can graphically add components to the opened powerflow case. For this, first open a new or existing diagram as described in sections 3.2.3 and 3.2.4. The window appears on the right pane of the PSAT main window. Then add new components on the diagram as follows:
1. Click on the bus symbols in the SLD toolbox (short bar with a short line in the middle) to select it. 2. Bring the mouse in the diagram and click anywhere to position the new bus at that location. 3. Click on the generator or another symbols in the SLD toolbox to select it.
4. Bring the mouse in the diagram and click anywhere to position the new component at that location, then click on the bus in the diagram to connect the component to that bus.
5. Add other buses, lines, etc., in the same way. For lines, transformers, etc., you connect their two ends to two buses by first clicking one bus and then the other bus.
6. Double click any component in the diagram to open its Property dialog and enter/modify its data.
For example, you first select AC bus in the toolbox and click in the diagram to add one bus. Then select generator in the toolbox and click in the diagram near the bus to add one generator. At this time the cursor changes to indicate you are in the Draw mode and allow you to connect the generator to a bus. Simply move the cursor over the bus and click to complete this connection.
Then draw another AC bus and connect a load to it similar to the first bus and generator. Now connect the two buses by a line by selecting the AC line in the toolbox. The cursor changes to Draw mode and by clicking on one bus and then the other, a line will be connected between the two. If you first click on one bus, then on a point between the buses, and then on the second bus, the connected line will have two segments, with a Vertex (or breakpoint) at the clicked position.
The new components that you draw from the toolbox are added to the powerflow data and appear in the Data tables. Double click on each added component in the diagram or Data tables to open its Properties dialog and enter required data for it.
3.2.6 Solving Powerflow
After you open the powerflow data and, if needed, modify (and preferably save) it, you can solve the powerflow by using the Solution menu.
First select Solution | Parameters… menu item to open the Solution Parameters Dialog where you can examine and, if needed, modify the solution options. After closing this dialog, select Solution | Solve menu item to start the solution. The Message window pops-up and shows the solution process. If the messages show data/solution errors or indicate that the solution is not found (did not converge), you need to examine and modify the data or solution options and repeat the solution.
See section 11 for more details.
3.2.7 Viewing Solution Reports
Click on the + button beside Solution Reports in the Project tab of the Workspace to see the list of reports. Double click on a report (e.g., Bus Mismatches, Bus Flows, Losses, etc.) to open it in the right pane.
You may store each opened solution report. After you select the report by clicking on its title or double clicking on its name in the Workspace, use the Edit menu and choosing Save to Text File…, Save to Excel File… or Save to
Clipboard to save the report in one of these places. The first two choices bring up the Save AS window where you
select a file for saving the report.
The solution can be viewed on the diagram as well. Select one or more buses, lines, etc., on the diagram (click on them while holding the Shift key or hold the left mouse key and drag on the diagram), then open the View menu and click on Label (or click the label icon on the toolbar). The Show/Hide Labels dialog opens. Select Voltage Magnitude, Power, etc., by clicking on the box beside each item, then click the Apply button. If you click the
Apply All button instead, the selected labels appear on all drawn components. Close the Show/Hide Labels dialog
by clicking the OK button (or the x button on the top-right corner) and click on the diagram to deselect the selected components.
As described in the previous sections, you may save the solved powerflow in the existing or a new PFB file by using the File | Save Powerflow (as…) menu items.
3.2.8 Macros
You can record all your activities, such as opening files, changing data, solving powerflow, saving solution reports to files, etc., in Macros which can be played back to repeat similar activities on the same case or a similar case. When you start a macro (using Start Recording of the Macro menu or the Record button of the toolbar), PSAT asks you to specify a file for saving the activities that will follow. When you stop the macro (using Stop Recording of the Macro menu or Record button of the toolbar), the file will be closed. The activities will be reflected in the Macro window (Macro tab of the Message window) as well. You may use this window similar to a text editor to modify its contents and save them to a file, just as you can open a saved macro file in an editor outside PSAT and
You can run saved macro files or the Macro window (using Run commands of the Macro menu) to repeat the recorded activities. For these activities to give similar result as before, PSAT status must be as it was when the recording of the macro had started. For example, the same or similar powerflow case must be open, similar subsystems must be defined and selected for open data and report tables, etc. Obviously, to make sure that you will get similar results, you can start recording of the macro before you open the powerflow file, define subsystems, etc., so these will also be recorded in the macro.
3.2.9 Python Scripts
PSAT supports the use of Python programs. Python is a powerful and popular programming language, which can be freely downloaded from http://www.python.org. This site provides valuable information on Python and includes tutorials to help you become familiar with this tool. The specific versions of Python supported by PSAT are described in the PSAT-Python manual. A module named psat_python is provided with PSAT. It includes the functions that you can call from a Python program to obtain powerflow data, change powerflow data, solve powerflow, etc. You write a Python program, using these PSAT functions and any other Python feature, and you run it within PSAT by choosing Run Python File from the Script menu.
4 Data and Report Tables
This chapter describes the features and contents of the powerflow data tables and solution report tables.
The data tables appear in the right pane of the PSAT Main Window by double clicking a data category (e.g., AC Bus) under the Powerflow Data group in the Project tab of the Workspace. Each data table contains the powerflow data for one type of component, such as AC bus, Generator, Load, etc. Double clicking on a row of a data table, opens the Property dialog for that component which shows the same data items that were in the selected row. When you are viewing or modifying data items of one component, you may find it easier to use the property dialog, but when you are viewing or modifying the same data item for several components (e.g., MVAr output of a group of generators), it is easier to use the column of the tables. To find out the meaning and purpose of powerflow data items (columns of data tables and boxes of property dialogs), refer to chapter 9 which describes the models and attributes of powerflow components.
The report tables also appear in the right pane of the PSAT main window by double clicking a report (e.g., Bus Flows under the Solution Reports or Overloaded Lines under Limit Checks) in the Project tab of the Workspace. The data shown in the report tables are not editable.
You can customize the appearance and contents of the tables (see section 8.12), print them, save them in text or Excel files, or copy them to the clipboard (see the description of menus for details).
The data tables and property dialogs have two types of fields (columns and boxes): External and Internal. The internal fields contain the attributes of the component to which the table or dialog belongs, while the external fields contain the attributes of another component related to this component. For example, generator table and property dialog contain the internal fields Status, MW output, MVAr output, etc., which are attributes of the generator, and external fields Bus Number, Bus Name and Bus Type, which are attributes of the bus to which the generator belongs. The External fields are shaded in the data tables and property dialogs.
4.1 Modifying Powerflow Data in Tables
To modify a data item in a table, click on it and specify a new value. For example, in the generator table, you can click on MW output column of one of the rows (generators) and type a new value, or click on Status and select In or Out from its pull-down list. You need to press return or click on another field to complete the change.
If you double click on an internal filed or the row number of a generator, the property dialog of that generator opens where you can change the attributes (e.g., MW output or Status) similar to changes in the table.
For the external fields, two kinds of changes are possible by single click and double click. In the case of generator table, if you double click on the Bus Number, Name or Type of a generator, the Bus property dialog opens where you can modify the attributes of that bus. For example, you can change the bus type from Load Bus to Gen. Bus. On the other hand, if you single click on Bus Number, Name or Type for generator X, a down-arrow appears. Clicking this arrow opens the Set AC Bus dialog, which shows the list of all buses. If you double click on a bus in this dialog, it becomes the bus of generator X (i.e., the generator is moved from its previous bus to the new bus).
Similarly, in other tables, single clicking on an external field of component X and changing it from A to B, connects (or relates) component X to component B instead of A, but double clicking on this field opens the property dialog of component A for viewing and modifying its attributes.
Modified fields and added rows will be highlighted blue. This coloring persists until the powerflow is saved, the solve powerflow command is run, or a solution report is loaded.
In the AC Bus table, after you select a bus by clicking on it, the Edit Bus Connections command of Edit menu (or the right click pop-up menu) opens the Bus Connections Dialog where all connected components to the bus are listed and you can modify or delete them and add new components.
4.2 Customizing Data and Report Tables
First select a data or report table to be customized by clicking on it in the right pane or on its name in the Workspace. Then select Customize table… in the Settings menu or the menu that pops up after right click on the table header row. The Table Customization dialog pops up where you can customize the columns and sorting orders as described in section 8.12. The following shortcut can also be used to customize the table.
Column Width: To adjust the width of a column, click on the column border line in the headings row and drag it to
the right or left, or double click on the border line to fit the column width to its contents.
Column Position, Hiding and Freezing: To change the position of the columns in the table, hide or show
columns, or freeze them from scrolling left, use the Table Customization Dialog (see section 8.12).
Fonts: To change the font, size, and style of the text used in data tables, use the options listed under the „Global
Settings‟ tab. For more information see section 8.12.
4.3 Sorting Data and Report Tables
The rows of tables can be sorted by one or more columns. To sort by one column (e.g. Bus number), simply click on the column header. An “up” arrow appears in the column header, indicating that table is sorted by that column in ascending order (e.g., the row with lowest bus number is first). If you click again on the same column header, the sorting toggles between ascending and descending. The “up” arrow changes to a “down” arrow to indicate the new sorting direction.
By clicking on another column header, the table is sorted by that column after canceling any previous sort. To sort by more than one column, after you click on the first sort column header, right click on another column header and select Add to Sort (2) from the pop-up menu. “Up” arrows appear in the column headers with numbers “1” and “2” to indicate the table is sorted first by the column with “1” in the header and then by the column with “2” in the header. If you right click on another column header and select Add to Sort (1), it becomes the first sort column and the previous first and second sort columns become the second and third sort column, respectively.
If you right click on, for example, the second sort column header and click on the small arrow in the pop-up menu, the sorting direction for this column toggles between ascending and descending. If you select Reorder Sort (1) from the right click menu, this column becomes the first sort column and the first one becomes the second sort column. If you select Remove from Sort instead, this column is removed from the sort order and the third sort column becomes the second one.
4.4 Filtering Data and Report Tables
When working with a very large case, you may not need to view the whole data and reports in very large tables. In that case, you can define portions of the case (powerflow data) as subsystems and limit the contents of each table to one of these subsystems.
Subsystems can be defined as:
Simple Subsystems: Bus number list, e.g., 1011, 1015, …, or range, e.g., 2001:2999
Bus name with wildcards, e.g., *ABC*, meaning all buses with “ABC” in their name
Bus kV range, e.g., 138.0:500.0
Area number list or range
Area name with wildcards
Zone number list or range
Zone name with wildcards
Composite Subsystems: Including and Excluding bus/area/zone numbers/names and kVs (similar to simple subsystems)
Including and Excluding bus types
Several composite subsystems can be defined and each would be identified by a given name. The included and excluded buses, areas, zones and kVs in a subsystem are process in the order they are specified. Therefore, this order has a significant effect on the end results. The following are examples of various subsystems that demonstrate the effect of the specified orders.
Subsystem Name
Definition Result
A5 Include Area 5 All components in Area 5 are included (all other areas
are excluded)
Sub1 Include Area 3 to 4
Exclude Zone 24 to 27 Include Bus kV 500.
All components in Areas 3 to 4 are included,
those in Zones 24 to 27 are excluded (whether or not these are in Areas 3 to 4),
and all 500 kV components in all Areas and Zones (even those in Zones 24 to 27) are also included
Sub2 Include Area 3 to 4
Include Bus kV 500. Exclude Zone 24 to 27
All components in Areas 3 to 4 are included, all 500 kV components in the case are included, those in Zones 24 to 27 are excluded (whether or not these are 500 kV or in Areas 3 to 4 )
pull-down list in the toolbar) and click on of one of the defined subsystems in the list. The menu (or pull-down list) shows only the subsystems that are relevant to the selected table. The table will be limited to the selected subsystem and the subsystem name will appear beside the table name in the Workspace, as well as on the title bar of its window in the right pane. To include the whole system in the table, select <All> from the Subsystem list.
A quick filter option is available to modify and apply simple subsystem filters. By using the shortcut (Ctrl+F) from a data table, the Simple Subsystem dialog will appear. When the dialog is closed, the filter corresponding to the last property edited will be applied to the table (this is not done when the dialog is accessed from the menu / toolbar). For example to filter a table to bus number „123‟, press (Ctrl+F), type „123‟, and press enter. Note that for Solution Reports and Limit Checks, the subsystem list includes <None> which is an empty subsystem and is the default for some tables (e.g., Bus Flows report is initially empty and shows no buses until you select a subsystem for it). Even after you close a table, its selected subsystem will be remembered and the next time you open it, the same subsystem will be applied.
4.5 Searching Data and Report Tables
You can quickly jump to a specific row in the data table by searching for a value within a data column. Simply select a cell within the data table to act as the starting point for your search and type your search term into the dropdown on the search tool bar. Pressing the „Find Next‟ button (F5) will search within the column of the selected cell for the next row to match your search term. Pressing the „Find Previous‟ button (Shift-F5) will search in the opposite direction. Depending of the type of data stored in the column, matching rows are found using slightly different criteria:
Text: Values that exactly match or contain the search term as a substring. This is a case-insensitive search. For example: searching for the term „Cob‟ will match the Values „COB‟, „COBBLE‟, „JACOB‟, etc.
Integer: Values that exactly match the numeric value of the search term. (Do not include spaces in the number). You can search for a range of values by separating them with a colon. For example: „1:1000‟ will match on any value between (and including) 1 and 1000.
Decimal: Values that will round to the entered search term. The precision of the rounding is controlled by the precision of the number entered. For example: searching for the value „10‟ will match any value between 9.5 and 10.5. Searching for „10.00‟ will match any value between 9.995 and 10.005. You can search for a range of values by separating them with a colon. For example: „1:1000‟ will match on any value between (and including) 1.000 and 1000.000 (note that no rounding occurs when performing a range search).
5 Bus View
This chapter describes the features of Bus View.
Bus View graphically shows all connected components at a bus and displays the powerflow data or solution of those components.
To open the Bus View, select Bus View with Parameter or Bus View with Solution from the View menu. Note that selecting one of these, deselects the other one (you can toggle between the two).
The Bus View shows the last selected bus (the bus selected in a data table or diagram) as a long bar on the left, as well as all its connected components with the labels selected for the view. For lines, transformers, etc., the other terminal bus(es) are shown on the right. If you click on one of these buses on the right, it becomes the “Selected” bus and the view changes to show that bus with all its connections.
If you click on any bus in a table, a diagram, or the Bus Tree of the Workspace, it becomes the selected bus and the Bus View changes to show that selected bus.
Double clicking the selected bus on the view opens its property dialog where all attributes of the bus can be viewed and modified.
The Parameter and Solution views are similar except for the labels shown in each view. You can customize the labels for each view by using the Bus View Label Appearance of the Setting menu as described in section 8.16. You can put any label in any of these two views (even mix parameter and solution labels).
The Bus View originally appears on the right side of the PSAT window. But you can grab (click and hold) its handlebars and drag it to any position on your screen. While you are dragging the view, when the cursor touches a border of PSAT window, the view docks to that border and you can leave it there or continue dragging it across the border.
To close the view, deselect Bus View with Parameter or Bus View with Solution from the View menu (click on the checked item in the menu to remove the check mark). When it is torn-off from PSAT window, the title bar of the Bus View window has an x button on the top-right corner that will close the window.
6 Single Line Diagram
This chapter describes the features of Single Line Diagrams (SLD).
6.1 Powerflow and Diagram Files
To create a new powerflow data and diagram from scratch, open a new project using the File menu described in section 7.1 (or click on New Project button on the toolbar), which automatically opens a new powerflow data. Then open a new diagram (click on New Diagram button on the toolbar). This opens a blank diagram window where you can draw and connect components such as buses, generators, lines, etc., using the SLD Toolbox.
To create a new diagram for an existing powerflow data, open the powerflow file or its project file, if it exists, using the File menu. Then open a new diagram (as above) to open a blank diagram window where you can draw the buses, with their generators, lines, etc., by dragging them from the Bus Tree and dropping them in the diagram window.
To modify an existing diagram, open the related powerflow file and the diagram file, or if these are saved in a project, open the project file, using the File menu. Then double click on the diagram filename under Single Line Diagrams of the Workspace to open the diagram window, showing its contents. If the diagram does not belong to the opened powerflow file, or the file has been changed after the diagram was saved, those components in the diagram that do not match the components in the powerflow data will be ignored. Matching can be based on bus name, bus number or both as described in section 8.13. In this way, you can open a diagram of a powerflow case with a similar but different powerflow case, automatically remove unmatched components, and after adding other components, save it (with a new name so that the original diagram is not lost) in the other project.
6.2 Using the SLD Toolbox
The SLD Toolbox, which normally appears on the right margin of PSAT Main Window, is used to simultaneously add new components to the powerflow data and draw them in the diagram. The tools included in the toolbox are the following:
AC Bus
Converter
Generator
Voltage Source Converter
Load
DC Line
Fixed Shunt
DC Breaker
Switchable Shunt
Ground
AC Line
Infinite bus (forconverters)
Fixed Transformer
Text
Adjustable Transformer
Contour Legend
Three-WindingTransformer
Composite Label
Fixed SeriesCompensator
Interface Label
Adjustable Series
Static Tap Changer / Phase Regulator
Sectionalize Branch“Wand”
DC Bus
Sub-diagram ContainerTo add a new bus to the diagram, click the bus icon in the toolbox, move the cursor to a desired position in the diagram and click. The new bus will be added at that position. To add a generator, load or shunt to a bus in the diagram, click an icon in the toolbox, move the cursor to a desired position in the diagram and click. The new component will be added at that position and the cursor changes to + to indicate you are in the Draw mode for connecting the new component to a bus. Simply move the cursor over a bus symbol and click to complete this connection.
To draw a new AC line between two buses, click the AC line icon in the toolbox. The cursor changes to + for the Draw mode and by clicking on one bus and then the other bus in the diagram, the new line will be connected between the two. If you first click on one bus, then on one or more points between the buses, and finally on the second bus, the line will appear as a zigzag line, connecting the buses through Vertices (the clicked positions). You can add vertices to other connections (e.g., connecting a load to a bus) in a similar way.
Transformers, series compensators, DC converters, etc., are drawn by selecting them in the toolbox, clicking in the diagram to position their symbol, and connecting each one of their terminals to one bus. This connection is similar to connection of lines and can go through a series of vertices by clicking at desired positions before reaching the bus. DC buses, converters and DC lines are added from the toolbox to the diagram in a similar way.
You can add annotations to the diagram by the text tool. Click on the text icon (T) in the toolbox, then click at a desired position in the diagram to add “text” at that position. Right clicking on this “text” pops-up a menu where you can select Properties to open the Label Properties dialog, or select Edit Text to change the text. In the Label Properties dialog, you can change the text, select its alignment, foreground and background color and font. When you select Edit Text from the pop-up menu, the cursor changes to edit mode where you can type and change the text right in the diagram. In this mode, pressing the Enter key adds a new line of text. At the end of editing, click somewhere outside the text box to return to the normal mode.
Contour Legend tool allows you to add a legend to the diagram to describe the values and colors used to generate a
contour.
Composite Label tool allows you to add a composite label on the diagram as described in section 6.4.4.1
Interface Label tool allows you to add power flows associated with an interface on the diagram as described in
section 6.4.4.2
Case Detail Label tool allows you to add a label that lists the properties of the case used to generate the diagram.
Properties include: File Name, File Date, Case Description, and Case Summary.
Sectionalize Branch Wand of the toolbox allows you to change a regular (single-section) branch to a
multi-sectional branch. Select (click on) this tool, then click on a regular branch. The Select Branch dialog (described in section 8.24) appears for you to select the type of the new section to be added to the selected branch. After you select a branch type from the pull-down list of this dialog and click OK, the Sectional Branch Property dialog (described in section 8.23) appears where you can set the properties of the new section, add and rearrange other sections, etc.
As you add components to the diagram, they are added to the powerflow data tables and the Bus Tree (you need to click on the tables and on each bus in the tree to refresh it for the added components). Double click on components in the Bus Tree or diagram to open their property dialog and enter data, such as name, ID, MW, etc. You can open the tables and enter and modify data in those tables or even add new buses, generators, lines, etc., while you add new components to the diagram from the toolbox.
6.3 Using the Bus Tree
After you open existing or new powerflow data and diagrams as described above, you can easily draw the existing components of the powerflow data in the diagram by using the Bus Tree. At the same time, you can add new components to the powerflow data and the diagram by using the SLD Toolbox. You can then reposition and modify the components in the diagram, and display powerflow data and solution in the diagram as described in the following.
Click on the Bus Tree tab in the Workspace to display the Bus Tree. This tree shows all the buses in the powerflow data. There is a Subsystem Selection pull-down list above the bus tree (in the Workspace window) similar to the Subsystem Selection list in the toolbar for the tables. If you have defined a simple or composite subsystem (as described in section 8.10 and 8.11), you can select it from this list to limit the Bus Tree and show only the buses of this selected subsystem.
AC buses are shown at the top and DC buses are shown at the bottom of the tree. The list of AC buses can be sorted by bus name or bus number (which appears with # after the bus name). To sort by name or number, right click on the Bus Tree to pop-up a menu and select Sort by Name or Sort by Number from that menu.
By clicking on the + icon beside each bus in the tree, it expands to show all connected components at that bus with their ID beside their symbol. For the lines, transformers, etc., the bus at the other end is also shown with a + icon which can be further expanded to show connected components at that bus (just as they would be shown in the main branches of the tree). In this way, the tree can be quickly branched out from one bus to show all connections at or near the bus.
To draw a bus, grab it (click on its name/number and hold) in the main branch or an expanded branch of the Bus Tree, drag it to the diagram window and drop it at a desired position. The bus symbol appears with all generators, loads and shunts connected to this bus. Also, any line, transformer, etc., connecting this bus to the existing buses in the diagram appear automatically. You can reposition these components and redraw the connection lines as described above for the new cases. You can also select a symbol (click on it) and press the Delete key (or Cut in
Edit menu) to remove it from the diagram.
If you remove a load, transformer, etc., but leave the bus(es) in the diagram, to redraw them, again drag the bus from the Bus Tree to the diagram. This does not affect the bus and its existing connections in the diagram and only adds the removed symbols.
You can select Horizontal or Vertical orientation in Bus Orientation of the Settings menu for buses as they are dragged from the Bus Tree to the diagram. Later, you can Rotate and Flip the bus symbols using the Edit menu or buttons of the toolbar.
The buses that are drawn in the diagrams are shown in bold in the Bus Tree. To find a particular bus in a large crowded diagram, right click on it in the Bus Tree to pop-up a menu and select Find Symbol in that menu. The diagram window scrolls to bring that bus in view and shows it as the “selected” bus (as if you click on the symbol).
6.4 Drawing Features
In the normal mode, when the Select tool (pointer) in the toolbar is pressed, the symbols in the diagram are selected by clicking on them. To select a group of symbols, lasso them by clicking at a point in the diagram and dragging the mouse to select a rectangle (from the clicked point to the new mouse position). You can also select several symbols by clicking on them one by one while holding the Ctrl key. The connecting tails (lines) of generators, loads, etc. are selected separately from the symbols themselves for redrawing.
To reposition the selected symbols, hold and drag them to a new location in the diagram. When you move a bus, its generators, loads and shunts move with it and the connection of lines and transformers are redrawn automatically. You can Rotate the selected symbols left or right and Flip them vertically or horizontally by using the Edit menu or toolbar buttons. You can also resize a component by clicking on it and dragging its corners to enlarge or reduce its size.
The drawing area itself has an initial size. As you add symbols near the edge of drawing area, it expands gradually. To expand it by a large step, first zoom out to see the gray area outside the drawing area in the window. Then drag a symbol (or a bus from the Bus Tree or SLD Toolbox) to a position in the gray area to expand the drawing area to include this position.
When you click on a bus in the main branch of the Bus Tree or in the diagram, if the Bus View is open, it shows that bus in the view. Double clicking opens the bus property dialog to view and modify its attributes. Double clicking any other component in the tree or diagram opens its property dialog to view and modify its attributes. Right click, instead, pops-up a menu and selecting Properties from that menu opens the property dialog as well.
6.4.1 Zooming
You can Zoom in and out of the diagram by a fixed or specified factor and Zoom to Fit the whole diagram in the window by using the View menu or toolbar buttons. When the magnifying glass tool is selected in the toolbar, each right click zooms out by a factor. In this mode, selecting a part of the diagram by left click, drag and release, zooms in that part. Click the Select tool (pointer) in the toolbar to end this mode and return to the Select mode. Select one or more symbols and use Zoom to Selection menu command or button to zoom in them. Use Zoom Normal menu command to return to normal (100%) zoom factor.
Use the Pan (hand) tool and the scroll bars to bring different parts of the diagram in the window.
6.4.2 Cropping the Diagram
The size of the diagram automatically grows to accommodate new components. If components are moved or deleted, the diagram will remain at its larger size. To shrink the diagram‟s dimensions to fit the existing components, you can use the crop command by pressing the “C” key while viewing a diagram.
6.4.3 Redrawing the Connections
You can change the shape of the AC lines, as well as the lines connecting components to buses, by adding and deleting vertices on the line and grabbing each vertex and dragging it to a new position. To add a vertex, right click on a desired point on the line and in the menu that pops-up, select Insert Vertex. To delete an existing vertex, right click on it and in the menu that pops-up, select Delete Vertex. In this pop-up menu if you select Redraw, the whole
AC and DC buses are the only locations where the components are connected together. In a congested diagram, lines and other components may cross each other. These cross points will not be connections. To prevent confusion, add vertices to lines, including the connecting tail of generators, loads, etc., to go around buses to which they are not connected, instead of crossing them.
6.4.4 Labels
Add Label command of the menu that pops-up with right click on a symbol in the diagram, opens the Select Label
dialog, which shows the list of labels that can be added for that symbol. Those labels that are already shown in the diagram have a check mark beside them. To show the other labels, click to add a check mark beside them, and to hide a shown label, click to remove its check mark. After completing the label selection, close the dialog by clicking its OK button.
Another way of adding labels (which is independent of the above Add Label command) is by the Show / Hide
Labels dialog described in section 8.18. Apply and Apply All buttons of this dialog adds to the diagram those labels
that are selected, and hides the ones that are not selected, in that dialog (not those in the Select Label dialog). In addition the Label Wand of the toolbar toggles show/hide of the labels. Click on the wand to select it, then click on any symbol to show/hide the labels that are selected in the Show / Hide Labels dialog. To end this and return to the Select mode, click the Select tool (pointer) in the toolbar.
6.4.4.1 Composite Labels
You may add composite labels to the diagrams by using the Composite Label tool of the SLD Toolbox. This label may contain one or more lines of text, each with a value pointing to the sum of generation, load, etc., in a selected subsystem. When you add a new composite label, or double click on an existing one, the Composite Label Properties dialog (described in section 8.25) appears for setting the contents and appearance of the label.
When you right-click on a Composite Label on the diagram, the pop-up menu gives you options to:
Open the Properties dialog (also accessed by double click on the label) and change the contentsof the label.
Edit Text by clicking in the label, typing and/or deleting text, then clicking outside the label toend editing.
Link the label position to any symbol on the diagram. For this, first select the Link command,then click on the desired symbol (a bus, a sub-diagram, etc.). The label will move with the linked symbol.
Re-link the label position to another symbol, or Un-link it so it won‟t move with the symbol. 6.4.4.2 Interface LabelsSimilar to Composite Label you may add interface(s) flows by using the Interface Label tool of the SLD Toolbox. This label may contain one or more lines of text, each with a value pointing to the interface name, sum of “From Side” Flow (MW), sum of “From Side” Flow (MVAR), sum of “To Side” Flow (MW), sum of “To Side” Flow (MVAR), etc., for the selected interface.
The Properties dialog of the Interface Label has a tab marked as “Definition” which is used to select the interface definition for the label. A VSAT interface definition file is used to describe these interfaces; any changes to this file will be reflected in the corresponding Interface Label. To link to an interface definition file (and populate the interface definition list), use the Load Interfaces From File… command from the Subsytem menu (section 7.4). When you add a new interface label, or double click on an existing one, the Interface Label Properties dialog appears for setting the contents and appearance of the label.
