Windows & Doors

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R

Residential

esidential Construction

Construction

R

esidential

Construction

Windows & Doors

*

(2)

Window "er#inology

Windows are $actory asse#%led as co#plete Windows are $actory asse#%led as co#plete Windows are $actory asse#%led as co#plete

Windows are $actory asse#%led as co#plete

units o$ten wit! t!e e'terior casing in

units o$ten wit! t!e e'terior casing in placeplace units o$ten wit! t!e e'terior casing in

units o$ten wit! t!e e'terior casing in placeplace

"!e %asic parts ar

"!e %asic parts are t!ee t!e "!e %asic parts ar

"!e %asic parts are t!ee t!e glazingglazingglazingglazing t!e t!e t!e t!e sashsashsashsash and and and and t!e

t!e t!e

t!e frameframeframeframe laing re$e

laing re$ers to t!e clear glass ors to t!e clear glass or plasticr plastic laing re$

laing re$ers to t!e clear glass or ers to t!e clear glass or plasticplastic

portions o$ a window (t!e glass wit!in eac! portions o$ a window (t!e glass wit!in eac! portions o$ a window (t!e glass wit!in eac!

portions o$ a window (t!e glass wit!in eac!

section #ay also %e called a

section #ay also %e called a pane or lig!t)pane or lig!t) section #ay also %e called a

section #ay also %e called a pane or lig!t)pane or lig!t)

"!e sas! is t!e part

"!e sas! is t!e part t!at !olds t!e glait!at !olds t!e glaingng "!e sas! is t!e

"!e sas! is t!e part t!at !olds t!e glapart t!at !olds t!e glainging

and t!e $ra#e is t!e +'ed part o$ t!e and t!e $ra#e is t!e +'ed part o$ t!e and t!e $ra#e is

and t!e $ra#e is t!e +'et!e +'ed part o$ d part o$ t!et!e

asse#%ly t!at recei,es t!e sas! asse#%ly t!at recei,es t!e sas! asse#%ly t!at recei,es t!e sas!

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-nato#y o$ a Window

1 1 "rac.s "rac.s   ScreenScreen 

 0ounting Flange0ounting Flange



 2'terior casing2'terior casing

3

3 4ead 5a#%4ead 5a#%

6 6 Weat!erstrippingWeat!erstripping 7 7 Sas!Sas! 8 8 lainglaing 9 9 0untins0untins 1

1Re#o,a%le stor# panelRe#o,a%le stor# panel

11 11SillSill

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"ypes o$ Windows

Case#ent

4a,e a single !inged side4a,e a single !inged side t!at swings inward or

t!at swings inward or outward

outward

;utward<swinging sas! ;utward<swinging sas!

does not get in t!e way o$ does not get in t!e way o$

$urniture and t!e wind $urniture and t!e wind

tends to .eep pus! tends to .eep pus!

outward<swinging sas! outward<swinging sas! against t!e against t!e weat!erstripping #a.ing a weat!erstripping #a.ing a tig!ter seal tig!ter seal 4ardware consists o$ a 4ardware consists o$ a rotary opener a !inge rotary opener a !inge

asse#%ly and a sas! loc. asse#%ly and a sas! loc.

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"ypes o$ Windows

-wning / 4opper

-wning windows swing-wning windows swing outward at t !e %otto# outward at t !e %otto#

- !opper window is - !opper window is

si#ilar e'cept t!at t!e si#ilar e'cept t!at t!e sas! swings inward at sas! swings inward at

t!e top Bot! types t!e top Bot! types

pro,ide protection $ro# pro,ide protection $ro#

rain w!ile open rain w!ile open

4ardware includes 4ardware includes !inges pi,ots and !inges pi,ots and sas! support ar#s sas! support ar#s

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"ypes o$ Windows

4oriontal Sliding

Rese#%le

case#ent windows

in appearance 

4owe,er t!e

sas!es slide

!oriontally in

trac.s or guides

located on t!e sill

and !ead 5a#%

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"ypes o$ Windows

Dou%le 4ung

Consists o$ an upper andConsists o$ an upper and lower sas! t!at slides up lower sas! t!at slides up and down in c!annels in and down in c!annels in t!e side 5a#%s

t!e side 5a#%s

2ac! sas! !as springs or 2ac! sas! !as springs or %alances to !old it in any %alances to !old it in any position

position

So#e types allow t!e So#e types allow t!e sas! to %e re#o,ed or sas! to %e re#o,ed or

pi,oted $or easy cleaning pi,oted $or easy cleaning painting or repair

painting or repair

4ardware includes one or 4ardware includes one or two #etal sas! loc.s

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Fra#e & Sas! 0aterials

-ny o$ t!e %asic types o$ windows

can !a,e sas!es and $ra#es #ade o$

wood

wood metal

metal vinyl

vinyl berglass

ber glass or

 or

wood

wood composites

composites

Hybrid

H ybrid windows are a co#%ination

windows are a co#%ination

or two or #ore #aterials

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Wood

Clad<Wood

Window

Wood window $ra#es and Wood window $ra#es and

sas!es s!ould %e #ade sas!es s!ould %e #ade

$ro# a clear grade o$ all< $ro# a clear grade o$ all<

!eartwood stoc. !eartwood stoc.

Species co##only usedSpecies co##only used are ponderosa pine cedar are ponderosa pine cedar

cypress and spruce cypress and spruce

So#e wooden windows are So#e wooden windows are

re$erred to a

re$erred to a wood!clad"wood!clad" #eaning t!e e'terior is #eaning t!e e'terior is

co,ered or =clad> in co,ered or =clad> in

anot!er type o$ #aterial anot!er type o$ #aterial

suc! as ,inyl or alu#inu# suc! as ,inyl or alu#inu# Wood<clad windows ne,er Wood<clad windows ne,er

need to %e painted need to %e painted

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0etal

0ade $ro# steel or alu#inu# t!ese windows are 0ade $ro# steel or alu#inu# t!ese windows are

lig!ter and less costly t!an windows #ade $ro# lig!ter and less costly t!an windows #ade $ro#

ot!er #aterials ot!er #aterials

Re?uire less #aintenance t!an wooden windows Re?uire less #aintenance t!an wooden windows

-,aila%le wit! %a.ed on or anodied +nis!es -,aila%le wit! %a.ed on or anodied +nis!es

-re ,ery co##on in so#e parts o$ t!e country and -re ,ery co##on in so#e parts o$ t!e country and less co##on in ot!er parts especially areas w!ere less co##on in ot!er parts especially areas w!ere

winters are cold as #etal windows e'perience winters are cold as #etal windows e'perience

greater !eat loss -lso #oist interior air !as a greater !eat loss -lso #oist interior air !as a

tendency to condense on #etal windows tendency to condense on #etal windows

"!e #ost e@cient #etal windows !a,e two piece "!e #ost e@cient #etal windows !a,e two piece

$ra#es separated %y a t!er#al %rea. $ra#es separated %y a t!er#al %rea. Aor#ally installed ,ia a nailing ange Aor#ally installed ,ia a nailing ange

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inyl Fi%erglass &

Co#posites

Structural C

Window

Windows wit! structural Windows wit! structural C (poly,inyl c!loride) C (poly,inyl c!loride)

sas!es and $ra#es are sas!es and $ra#es are

easy to #aintain easy to #aintain

"!e ,inyl is colored all "!e ,inyl is colored all

t!e way t!roug! and t!e way t!roug! and

resists attac. $ro# resists attac. $ro# insects "!e !ollow insects "!e !ollow

c!annels in t!ese c!annels in t!ese

windows are insulated windows are insulated

#a.ing t!e# ,ery #a.ing t!e# ,ery

energy e@cieint energy e@cieint

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inyl Fi%erglass &

Co#posites

Window $ra#es can also %e #ade o$ Window $ra#es can also %e #ade o$

+%erglass w!ic! is a polyester<%ased #aterial +%erglass w!ic! is a polyester<%ased #aterial

rein$orced wit! ,ery t!in glass strands rein$orced wit! ,ery t!in glass strands

Ei.e ,inyl t!ey co#e in !ollow and insulated Ei.e ,inyl t!ey co#e in !ollow and insulated

types Fi%erglass is stier and stronger t!an types Fi%erglass is stier and stronger t!an

,inyl ,inyl

Co#posite windows are #ade $ro# a #i'ture Co#posite windows are #ade $ro# a #i'ture

o$ poly#ers (plastics) and wood under o$ poly#ers (plastics) and wood under

pressure "!ey !a,e properties o$ solid wood pressure "!ey !a,e properties o$ solid wood

%ut are #ore decay resistant %ut are #ore decay resistant

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2nergy 2@ciency

2nergy e@ciency o$ a window depends

on #ore t!an one co#ponent For

e'a#ple a window wit! energy e@cient

glaing would still e'perience energy

losses i$ it !ad $aulty weat!erstripping

-ccurate ratings o$ windows co#pare

glaing weat!erstripping #aterials

and construction

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Standards & Certi+cation

"!e

"!e CC_anadian_anadian GG_eneral_eneral SS_tandards_tandards BB_{oard or CSB sets}_{oard or CSB sets}

t!e #ini#u# dura%ility on edge seals on insulated t!e #ini#u# dura%ility on edge seals on insulated glass units

glass units

CS- in con5unction wit! t!e Canadian Window & Door CS- in con5unction wit! t!e Canadian Window & Door 0anu$acturers -ssociation ca#e up wit! a window

0anu$acturers -ssociation ca#e up wit! a window per$or#ance rating .nown as CS-<- "!is rating per$or#ance rating .nown as CS-<- "!is rating considers a windows air tig!tness water tig!tness considers a windows air tig!tness water tig!tness wind load resistance condensation resistance $orced wind load resistance condensation resistance $orced entry resistance ease o$ operation !ardware insect entry resistance ease o$ operation !ardware insect screens weat!erstripping and +nis!es

screens weat!erstripping and +nis!es

"!e Aational Building Code o$ Canada states t!at all "!e Aational Building Code o$ Canada states t!at all

windows #eet t!e CS- G- standard "!is windows #eet t!e CS- G- standard "!is standard in updated yearly

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Standards & Certi+cation

-ll windows sold in Canada also !a,e an

2R Rating "!is is a co#parati,e

per$or#ance rating %ased on t!ree $actorsH

I

Solar !eat gainsSolar !eat gains

I

4eat loss t!roug! $ra#es spacers and glass4eat loss t!roug! $ra#es spacers and glass

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Standards & Certi+cation

Finally windows sold in Canada will !a,e a

J0-C Eogo on t!e# "!is stands $or t!e

I

_nsulating

GG

_lass

MM

_{anu$acturers o$}

CC

_anada

and it applies to t!e sealed unit only Jt can

%e $ound etc!ed into t!e glass or t!e

spacer %etween t!e panes o$ glass

J0-C certi+ed products will carry t!e logo

and t!e #anu$acturers na#e

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laing

Jn all pro,inces in Canada we now use

insulating glass windows in !o#e

construction (so#eti#es called dou%le<

glaed windows) "!ey are #ade wit! two

or #ore s!eets o$ glass separated %y an

air space

"!e edges are sealed to trap air %etween

t!e s!eets w!ic! pro,ides t!e insulation

Dierent types o$ glaing are a,aila%le

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"ypes o$ laing

#ow!e glazing

#ow!e glazingH also called Eow<2#issi,ity #eansH also called Eow<2#issi,ity #eans t!at t!e glass radiates less !eat to t!e outdoors t!at t!e glass radiates less !eat to t!e outdoors

t!an regular glass Jn so#e types a special coating t!an regular glass Jn so#e types a special coating is applied to one glass sur$ace $acing t!e air space is applied to one glass sur$ace $acing t!e air space "!is can reduce energy ow %y as #uc! as 3K "!is can reduce energy ow %y as #uc! as 3K

Heat!absorbing glazing

Heat!absorbing glazingH contains special tints t!atH contains special tints t!at ena%le it to a%sor% large a#ounts o$ solar energy ena%le it to a%sor% large a#ounts o$ solar energy

Gas!lled glazing

Gas!lled glazingH air %etween t!e glaing isH air %etween t!e glaing is replaced %y a !ea,ier gas suc! as argon or replaced %y a !ea,ier gas suc! as argon or .rypton "!e !ea,ier gas increases energy .rypton "!e !ea,ier gas increases energy

e@ciency e@ciency

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Weat!erstripping

"!e #ain purpose o$ weat!erstripping

around a window is to pre,ent air $ro#

lea.ing %etween t!e sas! and t!e $ra#e

Jt can %e #ade $ro# ,arious e'i%le

#aterials suc! as $oa# and +%rous pile

;,er ti#e it will loose its eecti,eness

and #ust %e replacedL it #ust ne,er %e

painted or stained

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