Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com464
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND
APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK
SPECIAL ISSUE FOR
NATIONAL LEVEL CONFERENCE
"SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING"
CONVERSION OF AT-GRADE INTERSECTION INTO GRADE SEPARATED
INTERSECTION AT AKOLA CITY: A SUSTAINABLE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
SURATKAR S. S., WATILE R. K.
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Tech., Akola (M.S), India 444 104
Accepted Date: 13/03/2015; Published Date: 01/04/2015
Abstract: Road intersections at grade are unique elements of the highway. They represent point of potential vehicle conflict and are thus susceptible to accident. In urban areas, intersection controls the capacity of a street network Studies have shown that roughly one third of all accident take place at intersection. The paper presents the detailed analysis of field study, traffic flow and the accident data. From the obtained data and calculation, it is seen that there is urgent requirement to convert at-grate intersection into grade separation to reduce the congestion and delay at this spot.
Keywords- Grade Intersection, Grade Separation, Traffic Characterization, Traffic Management
.
Corresponding Author: MR. SURATKAR S. S.
Co Author: MR. WATILE R. K.
Access Online On:
www.ijpret.com
How to Cite This Article:
Suratkar S. S., IJPRET, 2015; Volume 3 (8): 464-472
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com465 INTRODUCTION
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com466 1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Intersections are an inevitable part of any street system. A road intersection can be defined as the general area where two or more roads join or cross, including the roadway and roadside facilities for traffic movement. Intersection is the place shared by vehicles from all the approaches and permits a change in travel route.
2.1 Types of Intersection
2.1.1 At-Grade intersection
Where roads join or cross at same level, then intersection called as “Grade intersection”. At-Grade intersection can be divided into four major categories.
Uncontrolled intersection: - This type of intersection occurs where the intersecting roads are of
relatively equal importance and when traffic volumes are so light that no form of control or sign appears necessary.
Priority Intersection: - This type of intersection occurs where one of the intersecting roads is given definite priority over others. Some form of sign will usually control the minor road or marking, such as top to yield sign, the main roads do not get delay.
Space Sharing Intersection: - These types of intersection are intended to permit fully equal priority to permit continuous moment for all intersecting vehicle flows. Ex. rotaries and other weaving areas.
Time sharing Intersection: - These types of intersection are those at which alternate flows are
given the right way at different point in time. Typically these intersections are controlled by traffic signals or by police officers. For higher traffic volumes, time sharing intersection i.e., signalized intersection is preferable to reduced overall intersection delay and conflicts, in comparison to rotary and priority intersection.
2.1.2. Intersection with grade separation
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com467 Warrant - The main situations, which justify the very high cost, can be summarized as follows, at intersections or high speed roads with complete control of access automatically justifies the use of grade separated structures in order to ensure the free movement of high speed traffic.
2.2 General Guideline for Design of Interchanges
The design of a junction with grade separation is a complex matter, and each has a unique combination of problems arising from the need to satisfy traffic demands, existing highway networks, topography, land use, and the physical, social and political environments.
The problems are at their most complex in urban areas. Stock solutions to major junctions design needs are rarely possible and hence, an in-depth investigation is essential for the design of intersections with grade separations. The following points should be considered in the design of a junction with grade separations,
Requirements of traffic flows through the junctions,
General sitting, depending on engineering, topographical, environmental, land acquisitionand operating and capital costs.
The minimum area of land required for grade- separation structure.
Of these the determination of the sitting and configuration is probably the mostcomplicated. The points to be considered for deciding the location and configuration include.
Junctions with grade-separations should be designed to cater primarily for the major trafficflows.
Connectors for turning movements should normally be deigned safely, economical and to alower speed than main line routes.
All turning movements of a minor nature should be accommodated, if it is reasonable to doso, to retain flexibility.
2. FIELD INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS
2.1Preliminary Survey
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com468 at Tower square and available shoulder area beside each road at Tower square. This plan is attached here. Also, satellite image of the square using Google Earth Software provided here.
2.2Traffic Flow Characteristics
The survey was carried out to analyze the traffic flow characteristics at Tower square, Akola. All the traffic flow which utilized the carriageway was manually counted. The survey was carried out for a week between 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day. Everyday observations were taken in sets of 1 hour. Thus everyday 12 sets of observation were recorded.
Fig No.1 Actual Plan of Tower Square and Satellite Image
2.2.1 Direction of Traffic Flow
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com469
i
Fig. No. 2 North Direction Flow Fig. No. 3 South Direction Flow
Fig. No. 4 East Direction Flow Fig. No. 5 West Direction Flow
2.2.2 Intensity of Flow
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com470 Fig. No. 6 Intensity of Flow for week
2.3Accidental Record Analysis
The accident record collected from the police accident record for years 2005 to 2012, but it is clear that the numbers of accidents are caused at this intersection. Fig. No. 7 shows the increasing number of accidents in last 8 Year.
Fig. No. 7 Accident Record
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com471 The urban traffic congestion has become a global phenomenon, it requires effective controls to regulate the traffic and optimize delay and congestion at the traffic at the intersection. Results of different parameters related to signalize inter section such as traffic flow data, accident data are analyzed. The pedestrian should the conclusion is carried out that the traffic volume of tower square is increasing and it may be needed to improve present signalized condition or present geometric condition. So, grade separation to be provided.
Recommendation: Convert the tower square at-grade intersection into grade separation intersection.
4. REFERENCES
1. Alpana Jha, V. R. Patel, Sustainable Transportation Management, Proceeding National
Conference on Sustainable Development of Urban Infrastructure, 354-362.
2. M. V. L. R. Anjaneyulu, Urban Transportation Problem, Proceeding National Conference
2008, Calicut, 1-5.
3. The Editor’s Deck, Indian Highway, Vol. 21, 1993.
4. D. Thirunakkarasu, Road Accident Scenario in India, Indian highway, Sept. 2001, 51-59
5. Chandmal Parmar, Road Traffic safety problem and remedies, Indian Highway, Feb. 2000,
Organized by C.O.E.T, Akola & IWWA, Amravati Center. Available Online at www.ijpret.com472
6. Praffulla Kumar, Nov. 2000, “Road Safety for venerable Road user: some issue and
suggestions” Indian Highway. PP 21-28
