Unit 10
Unit 10
Western
Western
Expansion
Expansion
1830 – 1850
Election of 1836
National Rep. rename
themselves the Whigs
in opposition to Jackson’s policies.
Whigs nominate
several candidates on purpose.
It backfires & Martin
Martin Van Buren
Presidency
plagued by the
Panic of 1837 & the economic
depression that followed.
Election of 1840
William Henry
Harrison (Whigs)
Martin Van Buren
(Democrat)
Campaign not on the issues, but attacks
Becomes known as the Log Cabin & Hard Cider
Election of 1840
Harrison and
John Tyler
win on
The U.S. Grows & Improves
Roads
Turnpikes – toll road
Lancaster Turnpike (1789)
The U.S. Grows & Improves
Canals – man
made waterway (Erie Canal 1825) Gov. Dewitt
Clinton’s “Big Ditch”
NYC becomes the nation’s
The U.S. Grows & Improves
Steamboats- Robert Fulton
(
Clermont
1807)
Upstream travel (initial distrust
The U.S. Grows & Improves
Railroads
– begins
1830
“Unites” nation
Recklessly laid
track (1860 –
world’s largest)
Huge job
Communication
Improvements
Mail Delivery
“Post Roads”
Not used very much, postage
was paid by the person
receiving the letter.
1896 RFD
Communication
Improvements
Telegraph
Samuel Morse
1st from
Washington D.C. to Baltimore
“What hath God wrought?”
1858 Cyrus Field
U.S. Industrial Revolution
U.S. Industrial Revolution
1st U.S. Factory
1792 Rhode
Island
Samuel Slater
Brought ideas
over from G.B.
Textile
U.S. Industrial Revolution
U.S. Industrial Revolution
1813 Waltham Factory
Francis Cabot
Lowell
New labor system
(Women &
Daughters)
Company Towns
“Family of
Interchangeable Parts
Interchangeable Parts
Eli Whitney 1801
Musket production
Old method:
1 gunsmith makes 1 musket
Whitney’s Idea
Many “unskilled” workers make 1 musket
Each creates 1 part
Musket easily assembled
The South & the West
The South & the West
The Rise of the West
1810 (1 in 7 west of Appalachian
Mts.)
1840 (1 in 3)
Improved transportation Available Land
The South & the West
The South & the West
The South “King Cotton”
Southern States weary of Federal
Govt.
Open door to end slavery
Slavery hampers South
Immigration / wages
Remains agricultural
“Backwards”
Abolition Movement
Abolition Movement
Legally end Slavery
The Liberator – William Lloyd Garrison
Challenges in North
Apathy
“South’s problem”
Effect on Northern businesses Effect on immigrant labor
Westward Expansion
Westward Expansion
The Texas Revolution
The Texas Revolution
&
&
The Mexican American
The Mexican American
War
U.S. Western Expansion
U.S. Western Expansion
Americans move into disputed western lands
Oregon - (British)
Fur trappers / Sailors
Southwest - Calif./ N. Mexico (Mexican Lands)
Trade w/ missions Wagon Trains
Texas (Mexican Province)
Americans invited (Steven Austin)
Texas Revolution
Texas Revolution
Political Tensions
Americans miss rights
Distant Mexican Gov’t
High Taxes / no Representation
Texas Revolution
Texas Revolution
1836 Texans Revolt
Drive out Mex.
Troops
Declare
Independence 3-2-1836
Gen. Santa Anna
Dictator
“Crush
Texas Revolution
Texas Revolution
The Alamo 3-6-1836 San Antonio
2,400 Mexicans v. 183 Texans
William Travis / Davy Crockett
Jim Bowie
13 Day siege
All Texans killed
600 Mexicans
Inspires Revolution
Texas Revolution
Texas Revolution
Battle of San
Jacinto 1836
Texans defeat
Santa Anna (captured)
Forced to sign Treaty
Texas
Texas Revolution
Texas Revolution
Republic of Texas 1836
Sam Houston - President Seeks U.S. admission
Denied
Slave state (Create
imbalance)
Trouble w/ Mexico
Political Disputes
Political Disputes
“The Gag Rule”
1836 – 1844
No discussion on Slavery in
Political Disputes
Political Disputes
1841 Death of
Pres. Harrison
John Tyler
President
States Rights
No Bank
For the
Political Disputes
Political Disputes
Election of 1844
Henry Clay –
Whigs
James Polk –
Democrats
Dark Horse
Candidate
Political Disputes
Political Disputes
Tyler Mandate 1845
Annexation of Texas
Slave State (imbalance)
Political Disputes
Political Disputes
Manifest Destiny
John L.
O’Sullivan
“God given
right to
Political Disputes
Political Disputes
Oregon
Agreement
“54 40 or
fight”
call for
war
Polk- No war
Boundary at
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Causes of War
Texas
annexation
Americans in
California
Border dispute
Rio Grande /
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Polk’s Offer
$30 mill for Calif./ N Mexico
Rio Grande as border
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Nueces River Incident
(4/1846)
Gen. Zachary
Taylor
Sent to disputed
area
Attacked by
Mexicans
Polk ask for
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Congress agrees (reluctant)
North opposed
Expansion of
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Battle of Buena Vista
Gen. Zachary
Taylor
Crosses Rio
Grande
Holds off Santa
Anna
Replaced by Polk
“Not aggressive
enough”
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Attack on Mexico City
Gen. Winfield Scott Defeats Santa Anna
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
Events in Calif. / N.
Mexico
California
Capt. John
Freemont
Forces
Mexican out
“Bear Flag
Mexican – American War
Mexican – American War
New Mexico
Gen Stephen
Kearny
Easily
The End of the War
The End of the War
Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo ~ 1848
Border at Rio Grande U.S. pays $15 mill. To
Mexico
U.S. gets
Calif. , N. Mexico, Nevada, Arizona
Gadsden Purchase ~ 1853
U.S. purchases
additional lands
The End of the War
The End of the War
Effects of the War
U.S. become dominant in N.
Amer.
U.S. at present day borders
Slavery (allowed in new
Women’s Rights
Women’s Rights
Seneca Falls Convention
Led by Lucretia
Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
“All men & women
are created equal” Susan B. Anthony
Leading woman’s
Gold Rush
Gold Rush
1848
Sutter’s Mill,
California
Gold discovered Thousands of people
come in search for Gold.
CA will ask for
Wilmot Proviso
Wilmot Proviso
David Wilmot
No slavery in any part of the territory
acquired from Mexico.
Passed in the House of Rep, fails in the
Senate.
Should the people decide about
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850
Proposed by Henry
Clay
CA – free state
Washington D.C. –
no more slave trade but slavery stills
exists
Fugitive Slave Act New Mexico, Utah &
