ISSN 1450-216X / 1450-202X Vol. 151 No 3 January, 2019, pp. 290-297 http://www. europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com
A Skilled Hybrid Method to Protect Against Rushing Attack for the DSR Routing Protocol
Avinash Raipuria
Department of Information Technology School of Science and Engineering Malaysia University of Science and Technology
E-mail: [email protected] Sellappan Palaniappan
Department of Information Technology School of Science and Engineering Malaysia University of Science and Technology
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
In recently days, from time to time the person uses the temporary network. The network participant works as a node host and router, the packet of each node should be increased, requiring routing protocols. There may be an external attack on this network or one can do it. There are many techniques for this attack. This attack is faster by searching the search for the route and the packet is used for such attacks, it is called rushing attack and the attacker indicates that this is the correct node This paper will focus on rushing attack which threatens the security of the mobile ad hoc network by analysing this type of attack and its impact on mobile ad hoc networks. To avoid this, many experiments have been done in the past but they have not been successful enough. This paper offers something new to the best solution to keep the network safe. In this research paper used digital signature with random message forwarding technology, and this technology network has become largely safe. This paper proposed the best solution for network to efficient route discovery time, hop count and delay.
Keywords: Rushing attack, DSR Protocol, RMF technique, Digital Signature
Introduction
A Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) could be an “on the fly” network of mobile nodes packets area unit routed through mobile nodes rather than any fastened base station. In a very typical unintended network, mobile nodes move for an amount of your time to interchange data. Whereas exchanging data, the nodes could still move, then the network should be ready to adapt regularly. Within the applications we tend to have an attention in, networking setups like repeaters or base stations can of periods be ultimately approached, therefore the nodes should be equipped to prepare themselves into a network and establish routes among themselves with none outside support. The information of ad-hoc networking is typically additionally referred to as structure less networking since the mobile nodes within the network dynamically establish routing among themselves to make their own network “on the fly”. (ALshahrani, Abdullah Saad,2011, Georgios Kioumourtzis 2015).
Mobile Ad hoc Network
Routing Protocols
MANETs introduce more challenges in designing routing protocols than wired networks. Many protocols have been designed and developed to route data from a source to a destination under the limitations of these networks. A route is needed by a source whenever data needs to be transmitted to a destination through other intermediate nodes. MANET routing protocols are designed based on an absence of a centralized entity to create loop-free routes while keeping the communication overheads to a minimum as the topology change. (Mohamed Ahmed Abdelshafy Abdallah,2016)
On Demand Routing Protocols
Reactive MANET protocols are on-demand protocols that are initiated by a source. The source needs to send data to the destination node then the root is creating. The source node initiates a route discovery procedure by transmitting route requests throughout the network and waits until receiving a reply from the destination node or an intermediate node that has a fresh route to that destination. A built route is maintained until it is required through the routine maintenance process. The overheads added by these protocols include significant delay before the packet can be transmitted and a significant amount of control traffic. Thus, reactive MANET protocols suit the networks that have high node mobility. (Mohamed Ahmed Abdelshafy Abdallah, 2016).
Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (DSR)
Dynamic Source Routing is a simple reactive protocol that is based on two main mechanisms route discovery and route maintenance. Both mechanisms are applied in an ad-hoc fashion and in the absence of any kind of interval control communications. The critical concept of the protocol is "source routing" in which the nodes transfer the path in the header of the packet where the packet should follow from a source to any destination. Every node “cache” the routes to any destination, it has freshly used or discovered by overhearing its neighbors’ transmission. Once there is no such route, a route discovery process is initiated. The protocol is designed for a MANET of up to two hundred nodes with high mobility rates and is loop-free. Other important attributes of this protocol are its support for unidirectional links and multicasting. DSR can provide interconnection of wireless devices with multiple network interfaces. This is an important attribute for tactical communications, as nodes in the military need have different signal ranges and thus different network devices. (Johnson, Maltz, and Broch 2004).
Rushing Attack
A rushing attacker exploits the duplicate suppression mechanism by quickly forwarding route discovery packets in order to gain access to the forwarding group. (ALshahrani, Abdullah Saad, 2011).
Rushing Attack Formation
When a node Send route request packet (RREQ packet) to another node in the wireless network, if there an attacker present then they will accept the RREQ packet and send to his neighbour with the high transmission speed as compared to other nodes. Because of the high transmission speed, the packet forwarded by the attacker will reach first to destination node. Destination node will accept this RREQ packet and quickly reply this request and discard other RREQ.
Literature Review
Suthar and Panchal, (2014) presented that Mobile Ad-hoc Network contains an autonomous arrangement of mobile nodes that can move openly and speak with each other without a settled Infrastructure. These nodes function as a Router or Host. In MANET there is no Central Control Authority and the topology isn't static. So work in the manner as on demand of AODV. The Rushing Attacker takes advantage of the AODV Duplicate Suppression Mechanism, to carry out the Attack.
The researchers have reviewed the Rushing Attack and its Prevention Technique. By altering some AODV Property, the Attack can be prevented or the consequences of the Attack can be decreased. The outcomes of Prevention were shown and the impact of the Prevention in the dissimilar size of the network with dissimilar numbers of Attackers.
Murugan and Selvakumar’s (2016) standardized on-demand routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks were not initially proposed to deal with security issues. Mobile adhoc network is a group of different type of nodes, which are linked to each other with the help of wireless link. The group communications are a more difficult security concern in MANET because of participation of multiple senders and recipients. In this work, they proposed rushing attack for AODV with a malicious node that increases the speed of the routing process. In this work of dissertation, AODV routing protocol is utilized for the learning of rushing attack. They also proposed the improved routing scheme to protect ad-hoc networks opposed to rushing attacks using threshold value and the calculation of the average path value.
Valiveti et al (2014) Ad hoc network provide decentralized infrastructure-less environment, where nodes cooperate with each other for the purpose of communication, thus susceptible to compromise. This characteristic of ad hoc network leads to security threats. The networks are particularly vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) attacks that are launched through colluding nodes.
This paper’s focus is on the Byzantine Flood Rushing attack that threatens the security of the system, and studying its effect on ad-hoc network. The objective of work is to implement Flood Rushing attack in AODV enabled ad-hoc network. Paper presents an approach to implement and analyze the effect of Byzantine Flood Rushing attack and implementation results are plotted.
Avinash and Rathi (2015), the new technique built on the Rushing attack, a malicious node or an attacker increases the speed of routing process. The researcher aim was to list the techniques, which was utilized to defeat the rushing attack and also to concentrate on their working behavior, the researcher presented a technique of threshold value which will be considered throughout the network for routing process to let it prevent the rushing attack in the network.
ALshahrani et al. (2011) in their work on “Rushing Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”
addressed the issue of security in mobile ad hoc network by examining various routing protocols such as AODV, DSDV, DSR. Different types of attacks which threaten MANETs were overviewed. This paper studied in detail one of the solutions for preventing rushing attack in mobile ad hoc networks, SDSR and attempted to improve security in this network, with two important goals in mind: to lower overhead and to ensure there are safe neighbors’ in the network. This thesis proposed two solutions:
firstly, to reduce overhead by using the old algorithm and secondly, the message that sent to the node itself to determine the safest and fastest route.
All of the previous work suggested rushing attack and their counter measures on how to prevent or eliminate rushing attack but none of them has worked with the help of digital signature to prevent the rushing attacks in which malicious nodes are created to infect the network or takes the advantage of the duplicate suppression mechanism. Hence, this research or work is based upon the prevention of Hybrid Approach of Rushing Attack in Manet Using RMF Technique with digital signature.
Research Problems
A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an independent system of mobile stations connected by multi- hop wireless links to form a network and proficient of operating without any fixed infrastructure supports. Dynamic topology, limited physical security, bandwidth limited, complex routing is the major constraints, that makes the ad-hoc networks vulnerable to different types of attacks. The rushing attack is a malicious attack in the network layer, which is directed against on-demand routing protocols that use duplicate suppression at each communicating node. The rushing attack is a malicious attack that acts as an operative rejection of service attack against all presently proposed on-demand ad-hoc network routing protocols. A rushing attacker exploits the similar takeover mechanism by rapidly accelerating route discovery packets in order to rise access to the forwarding group such as attack called the rushing attack.
When a node sends a route request packet (RR packet) to another node in the wireless network, if an attacker is present, they will take the RR packet and send the neighbor to the nearest neighbor with speed, compared to other nodes in the wireless network. Due to the speed of this high transmission, the packet forwarded by the attacker will first reach to the destination node. Endpoint node will admit this RR packet and discard other RR packets which are reached later. Receiver discover this route as a valid route and use for further communication. In this way, the attacker will successfully gain access to communication between the sender and the receiver. This attack is a major problem in the entire network of manet networks.
Aim & Objectives
In this Research the main focus on the Rushing attack prevention in MANET. There are two main parts of our Research, in the first part discussed the Rushing attack and how will prevent it for secure communication? In the second part of the Research there is an implementation RMF with the digital signature of the MANET network, first will develop a MANET network with DSR routing protocols and creates various scenarios with Rushing attack and without Rushing attack and analyze the result on the basis of various parameters of DSR like delay, route discovery time, number of hops per route etc.
In order to develop a better understanding of proposed solution. The proposed solutions of the problem are also discussed in this paper. This Research also provides a good understanding of the security challenges and solutions of the Mobile Ad-hoc Network.
Research Methodology
In this paper, a new method is proposed for preventing the network from rushing attack, which exploits the duplicate suppression mechanism. The proposed method uses the DSR protocol to forward the packet. These are reactive protocol, so security requirement is high.
The proposed method is based on the following model, which consist of several steps.
Step 1: Source node to send the data to the destination, then it initiate RREQ packet and forward it to its neighbour’s.
Step 2: Select the random route selection RREQ packet
Step 3: Check the digital signature RREQ packet to the source.
Step 4: If node is normal RREQ packet forward to the next node otherwise attacker is present.
Step 5: Source node check the condition of threshold value Th is equal to or greater than the path value Tc.
Step 6: if the condition is satisfied attacker is not present otherwise attacker is present.
Mobile Ad hoc Network proposed model
Significance of the Research
This research work focuses on proposing a model for Commercial Sector, Personal Area Network (PAN), Local Level, Military Battlefield, Tracking Applications, Intelligent home environment, wildlife monitoring and Air Traffic controller.
Source
Destination Check the threshold value
time
Attack is not present
Yes
No Th >=Tc
Attack is present Route Request
(RREQ)
Select randomly route request
node
Check Digital signature
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