Level Measurement ISA

(1)

Mark Murphy, PE

Standards Standards Certification Certification Education & Trainin Education & Trainin

,

.

Publishing Publishing

Conferences & Exhibits Conferences & Exhibits

(2)

-– – •

• VessVessel el Nozzle Nozzle OrieOriennttatatioionn •

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• PPrrococess ess CCononddititioionns s -- TTememppereratatuurre, Pe, Prressuressure, Dene, Densitsityy,, Viscosi

Viscositt , C, Conondduuctctivive, e, TTuurrbbuulelenncece, F, Foaoamm, Va, Va ororizaizattioionn Occur at the Surface, Sour or Corrosive Service

Occur at the Surface, Sour or Corrosive Service •

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(3)

–

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Force of the Liquhe Liquid Heid Heaadd –

– Level = PLevel = Pressressurure = e = h*sgh*sg –

– CCaalibrlibraatiotion in inn in inches of Hches of H₂₂OO •

• HeigHeighht t MetMetererss

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– BBaasseedd oonn tthhee IIddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn ooff tthhee SSuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee LLii uuiidd –

– CaCalilibratibration ion in inn inchchees, fees, feet, %t, %

3 3##

3

(4)

TYPICAL VESSEL

B B R R I I D D D D L L E E 4 4##

(5)

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without Removing the Vessel from Service

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5 5##

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(6)

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6 6##

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• MetMetal Cal Cononttainainer er uused Esed Eitithher er tto:o:

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– TTo Ko Keeeep tp thhe Se Seaeal Fl Fluluid iid in tn thhe Re Refefererenence Legs frce Legs from om BoilinBoilingg Away in Hot Applications (Steam Drums)

Away in Hot Applications (Steam Drums) –

– AlloAllow w MaMaininttenenaannce tce to Fo Fililll the Impulse Lines with Sealthe Impulse Lines with Seal Fluid or Act as a Reservoir to Keep the Impulse Lines Fluid or Act as a Reservoir to Keep the Impulse Lines

7 7##

7

(8)

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–

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• MeMecchhaanniiccaal Dl Deevviicce Usee Used d tto Exo Exaaccttl l SS aacce Vee Vessessell, Br, Briiddllee or Level Gauge Nozzle Connections when Nozzles are or Level Gauge Nozzle Connections when Nozzles are Welded in Place Welded in Place 8 8## 8 8

(9)

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9 9## 9 9

(10)

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• TTo Oo Obtbtain a Rain a Reliabeliable anle and Inexd Inexpepennsive Indsive Indicatication oion of Lf Liquiquidid L

Levevel in a Vessel in a Vesselel Considerations

Considerations •

• TThe he VVisible Lengisible Lengtth h SShohould uld CCovover er tthe he FFulull Operl Operatatiningg Range of Interest Including any Other Level

Range of Interest Including any Other Level Instrumentation on the Vessel

Instrumentation on the Vessel •

• IIf Morf More te thhan an OOnne Ge Gauaugge is e is RReqequuirireded, t, thhe Ge Gauaugges Mes Muustst v veerraap p aac c ee 1 100## 10 10

(11)

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1 111##

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• GGlass lass TTubube we witith h OOptption ion of of GGraraduduatationionss •

• Not Not PPopopuular lar fofor r PPrroceocess Ass Apppplicalicattionionss •

• TTyyppically ically UUsed fosed for Cr Calibalibraratting ing MetMetereringing

1 122##

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• MetMetal al CChhamambber er (1 (1 &&22)) • • GaGaskskeet t ((55)) • • GlGlaasss (s (33)) • • CuCushshiioon n ((44)) • • Gauge Limitations: Gauge Limitations: • • eerry y g g oor er erry y oow w eemmppeerraauurreess •

• PPoor oor Design Design WitWith h MultMultipiple Gaugle Gauges May es May LLimimit it LLevevelel Visibility

Visibility •

• GaugGauge Cone Connnececttioion n PPlulugggginingg •

• Glass BGlass Bececomomining Eg Ettchched ed or Dor Discoiscololorreded

1 133##

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• GGlalass ss SSececttioionns s on on OppOpposiositte Se Sidideses of the Chamber

of the Chamber •

• VView iew tthe he LLiquiquid Level tid Level thrhrougough h tthehe Gauge

Gauge •

• UUsed on sed on IInnttererfaface Appce Applicalicattionionss •

• IllumIllumininatatorors Cs Can an bbe Use Used ed ttoo of the Gauge

of the Gauge

1 144##

(15)

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• SSininggle Glass Sle Glass Sececttioion n wwitith h PPrrismismss Cut in the Glass on the Process Cut in the Glass on the Process

e e •

• LLigighht t SSttrrikikining tg thhe Vapoe Vapor Pr Phhase isase is Appears Silvery White

Appears Silvery White •

• LLigighht t SSttrrikikining tg thhe Le Liqiquuid id PPhhase isase is e r

e raacc e e n o n o e e qqu u ww cc A

Appppearears s BlackBlack •

• , , ,,

Noncorr

Noncorrososive Live Liquiquidsids

1 155##

15

(16)

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Accessories Accessories •

• IllumIllumininatatorors Can s Can bbe Use Used ed ttoo

Diffuse Light Evenly on the Back Diffuse Light Evenly on the Back of the Gauge of the Gauge Th Theey y CaCan n Be Be PPrroovviiddeed d WWiitth h AA Frost Extension Frost Extension 1 166##

(17)

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• CCononsissistts s of a Nonof a Non-Magn-Magnetetic Cic Chhamambberer,, Int

Interernnal Fal Floaloat t wwitith h MaMa nnet et anand d Bi- Bi-Colored Indicator Wafers

Colored Indicator Wafers

1 177##

17

(18)

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• TThhe Visible e Visible LLenenggtth h SShhouould ld CCovover er tthhe Fe Fuullll Operating Range of Interest Including any Operating Range of Interest Including any

t

t eer r eevve e nnststrruummeennttaattoon n oon n tt e e eessesse •

• IIf Morf More te thhan an OOnne Ge Gauaugge is e is RReqequuirireded, t, thhee •

• LLevevel Cel Chhamambber er NeedNeeds s tto be Insto be Installealledd Vertically Level to Reduce any Possible Vertically Level to Reduce any Possible

r rcctoton n wwt t tt e e ooaatt • • RReqequuirire e JJ ig ig Set Set CCononnnececttioionnss 1 188## 18 18

(19)

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• LonLong g VisiVisibble le LenLenggtthhss •

• •

• AdapAdapttabable tle to Varo Variatiationions in Fs in Fluluid id DenDensitsitiesies •

•

Limitations Limitations •

• AffeAffectcted ed bby y chchanangges in fes in fluluid id ddenensitsityy •

• CCoatoatining mg mededia mia may ay seizseize me movoving ing papartrtss •

• OvOver er PPrressuessurrining g cacan n ImImpplolodde Fe Floloatat •

• LLonong rg ranangges mes may ay rereqquiruire ade additditionional supal suppporortt

1 199##

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O

O eerraattiin n PhPhiilloossoo hh •

• MeMeaasusurrees Hs H ddrrooststaattiic Hc Heeaad d oof f LiLi uuiid d iin n a Vea Vessessell

–

– LLiquiquid Heighid Height t MultMultiplied iplied by by a Densita Densityy

2 200##

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Considerations Considerations •

• VessVessel el SShhapape he has nas no Imo Imppactact •

• EEase of ase of InstInstallaallattion ion anand d IIsolatsolationion

–

– IInenexxpepennsive sive anand Most d Most WidWidely ely UUsedsed

•

• VVarariatiation ion in in FFluluid id DenDensitsity y SShohould uld be be CCheheckeckedd

–

– CChanhanges wges witith h TTememperperataturure ane and d CComompositionposition

•

• MountMounting ing at at tthe Che Cententerlinerline of Botte of Bottom om NozNozzle zle or Belowor Below

2 211##

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Diaphragm Seals

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May Ind

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2 222##

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A

Attmmooss hhereriicc VesVessselelss

•

• OnOnllyy HiHigghh PrPreessussurree SSiiddee ConConnneecctteedd ttoo VeVesssseell •

• ZZeerroo SSuupppprreessissioonn ((IfIf MoMouunntteeddBeBelloowwLowLoweerrTapTap))

o

ossee eessssee ss ww oonn-- oonn eennssaa ee aass

• • •

• LoLowwPPrreessssuurree SiSiddee iiss nnoottFFiilllleedd((DDrryy lleegg)) • • 2 233## 23 23

(24)

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Non-Condensable Gas Non-Condensable Gas

•

• BoBotthh HiHigghh aannddLoLowwPPrreessssuurree SSiiddeess ConConnneecctteeddttoo VeVesssseell • • FFiillll FFlluuiidd iiss TyTyppiiccaallllyy GlGlyyccereriinn // GlGlyyccooll SSoommeettiimmee eevveenn tthhee Process Process • • ZZeerroo EElleevvaattiioonn ((DDuuee ttoo FFiilllleeddLoLowwPPrreessssuurree SSiiddee)) 2 244## 24 24

(25)

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Dif

Diffeferrenenttial Pial Prressessuurre Ce Calcualculatlation ion –– PPrressuessurrized ized VesVessel Witsel Withh e eaae e eeggss HL HLLL NLL NLL S S LL LLLL Y1 Y1 Y3 Y3 Y2 Y2 2 255## L LTT H H LL

(26)

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Bubbler Bubbler •

• WhWhen en Air Air PPrressuessurre e EEnntterers a Ds a Dip ip PPipipee wit

with a Ph a Pressressure Greater ure Greater TThan than thehe Hydr

Hydrososttatatic Hic Head of tead of the Phe Procesrocesss ,

, B

Bottottom om of tof the Dip Phe Dip Pipeipe •

• As tAs thhe Liqe Liquiuid d LevLevel Chanel Changeges, ts, thhe Aire Air Changes

Changes •

• CCononsistsists of s of PPrressuessurre e RRegeguulalattoror,, Rot

Rotaammeetteerr aanndd PPrreessssuurree GaGauu ee Along with a Stilling Well

Along with a Stilling Well

2 266##

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(27)

Le

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entation T

ntation Types

ypes –

– Bub

Bubbler

bler

1 1 6 6 3 3 5 5 _IAS_IAS 2 2 5 5 4 4 NOTE A NOTE A STILLING WELL STILLING WELL A.

A. FLANGE BOLTS & FLANGE BOLTS & GASKET BY PGASKET BY P IPING.IPING. B.

B. TUBING SHALL TERTUBING SHALL TERMINATE 1/MINATE 1/2" 2" FRFROM BOTTOMOM BOTTOM OF STILLING W

OF STILLING WELL MINIMUMELL MINIMUM. . OTHEROTHER

1 1 2 2 3 3 MALE T

MALE TUBE CONN 31UBE CONN 316SS, TXMPT6SS, TXMPT TEE ALL TUBE

TEE ALL TUBE 331166SS, TXTXSS, TXTXTT MALE T

MALE TUBE CONN 31UBE CONN 316SS, TXMPT6SS, TXMPT

1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2"T X 1/2"P 1/2"T X 1/2"P 1/2"T 1/2"T 1/2"T x 1/4"P 1/2"T x 1/4"P DIM

DIMENSIONS MAY ENSIONS MAY BE USEBE USED WHD WHEN REEN REQUIRED.QUIRED.

2 277## 27 27 4 4 5 5 6 6

MALE THERMOCOUPLE CONN 316SS MALE THERMOCOUPLE CONN 316SS TUBIN

TUBING SMLS 3G SMLS 31166SS 0.SS 0.00449 9 WALL WALL A2A21313 ROTAME

ROTAMETER TER 6.6.0 SCF0 SCFH 1 1H 1 1/2/2" SCALE" SCALE 1 1 2 200'' 1 1 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/2" 1/4" 1/4"

(28)

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– – •

• WhWhen en a Boda Body y is Iis Immmmerersed sed in in a Fa Fluluid id it it LLosesoses Weight Equal to That of the Fluid Displaced – Weight Equal to That of the Fluid Displaced – Archimedes Law

Archimedes Law •

• By DetBy Detectection oion of tf the Apphe Appararenent t WeigWeight ht of tof thehe Immersed Displacer, a Level Measurement Immersed Displacer, a Level Measurement

2 288##

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• • EExxtteerrnnaal l CagCagee • • DDiiss llaaccee rraannssmm ee Linkage Linkage To Torrqquue e TuTubbee • • RaRanngge e SpSprriinngg •

• LLiinnkkaaggee RangeRange_S_{S rriin}_n • • ToTorrqquue e TuTubbee • • TrTraannsmsmiitttteerr Displacer Displacer • • eerr cca a oorrcce e oovveemmeenn of Displacer and Rod is of Displacer and Rod is Converted to Angular

Converted to Angular ExternalExternal

Rotation of Torque Tube

Rotation of Torque Tube CageCage

2 299##

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To

Torr uue e TuTubbe e DDiiss llaacceerrs s CoConnsisiddeerraattiioonnss •

• TTyyppical ical MeasurMeasurining g RRanangge is 1e is 144” ” tto 7o 722”” •

• MoMouunnttiin n OrOriieennttaattiioon n ffoor r ToTorr uue e TuTubbe e ArArmm •

• FFlluuiid d DDeennsisittyy •

• VenVent t anand Dd Drraiain Conn Connnececttioionnss • • RReeqquuiirre Je J iig g SSeet t CCoonnnneeccttiioonnss 3 300## 30 30

(31)

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• A A MeasurMeasure of a Mate of a Matererial’ial’s s AbilitAbility ty to Co Conondduuct ct EElectlectrriciticityy

3 311##

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•

• Based Based on on TTimime De Domomain ain RefReflectlectomometetrry y (TDR(TDR)) •

•

a Guide a Guide •

• WhWheen n tthhe e PPuulse lse RReaeachchees a s a SuSurrffacace e tthhat at hhas a as a HiHi hheerr Dielectric than the Vapor Space it is Travelling in, then Dielectric than the Vapor Space it is Travelling in, then the Pulse is Reflected

the Pulse is Reflected •

• TThe Timhe Time Diffee Differerence bnce betetwween teen the Tranhe Transmsmitittted aned andd R

Reflecteflected Ped Pulse is ulse is CConvonverterted ined intto a Dio a Dissttance france fromom

3 322##

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• • CoCoaaxxiiaall • • RigRigiid d TwTwiin n LeLeaadd • • FFlleexxiibblle e TwTwiin n LeLeaadd • • RRiiggiid d SSiinngglle e LeLeaadd • • FFlleexxiibblle Sine Singglle Lee Leaadd •

• EEach ach GGuuidide Type Type he has a Maxas a Maximimuum m MeasurMeasurining g RRananggee and Minimum Dielectric Constant

and Minimum Dielectric Constant

3 333##

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•

• DielDielectectriric Cc Cononststanantts bets betwween een 1.4 1.4 anand 1d 10000

•

• TThe he HighHigher er tthe he DielectDielectric Cric Constonstant ant tthe he GGreatreater er tthe he RRefleflectecteded

u

usese

•

• TranTransitsitioion Zn Zonones –es – VarVary y wwitith Dh Dieielelectctrric Conic Conststanantt

•

• ToToStStaabbiilliizzee tthhee GuGuiiddee SiSiddee FoForrcceess EiEitthheerrIInnssttaallll iinn aa StStiilllliinn

Well or Fix the Guide to the Tank Bottom

•

• CCenentterering ing Discs Discs wwhich hich prprevevenent t tthe Ghe Guiuide fde from rom CContontactacting ing tthehe

•

• WeigWeighhtts Ss Shhouould ld bbe ue used wsed whhen en InstInstallallining Fg Flexlexibible Guidle Guideses

•

• InletInlets ss shouhould ld be be kekept pt at at a Dista Distance ance tto Avoid o Avoid SSplashiplashing ng on on tthehe

Guide

•

• SSeleelect ct GGuiuidde Lenge Lengtth Accorh Accordiding ng tto to thhe Re Reqequiuirered Measud Measuririnngg

R Ranan e. e. SSomome e GGuuidides ces can an bbe e CCuut t in in tthhe e FFieield ld OtOthherers cans cannnotot 3 344## 34 34

(35)

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•

• RRadadar ar SSigignnals arals are Trane Transmsmitittted ed frfrom om anan Ant

Antenennna at a at tthhe To e To of of tthhe Te Tanankk •

• TThhe Se Sigignnal al is Ris Refeflelectcted ed bby y tthhe Mee Measuasurreded Surface and the Echo is Detected by the Surface and the Echo is Detected by the Antenna

Antenna •

• The The EEchcho ho has a as a SSliligghhttly ly DifDifffererenentt r

reeqquueennccy y oommppaarre e o o e e rraannsmsm ee Signal

Signal

to the Distance to the Measured Surface to the Distance to the Measured Surface

3 355##

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•

• TTraransmnsmitittter er SShohouuld ld be be IInstnstalled alled in in LLocatocationions ws witith h a Ca Clearlear and Unobstructed View of the Level Surface

and Unobstructed View of the Level Surface

–

– KeeKeep Ap Away froway from Agm Agitator itator HHorizontal Blorizontal Blaadedes, Fs, Fillillinging Inlets

Inlets, , CeCentnter of ter of the The Tankank •

• MinimMinimum um DisDisttance tance that hat tthe The Tranranssmmitittter can ber can be Me Mounountteded from the Tank Wall

from the Tank Wall • • ,, Tu Turrbbuulleenncce e aannd d FFooaamm • • Installation Installation •

• TanTank k NoNozzlzzle Hee Heii hht t cacan n AfAfffeect ct PPeerrffoorrmmaanncece

3 366##

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(37)

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•

• RRod od –– SSuuititabable le ffor or TanTankks ws witith h SSmmalall Opl Openenininggss •

• ––

Installations Installations •

• PPararababololic –ic – SSuuititabable le ffor or SSololidids ans and d CCan an wwitithhststanand d HeaHeavv Contamination

Contamination •

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3 377##

37

(38)

Level Instrumentation

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3 399## 9 9//22//22001122 3399

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4 411##

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Level Instrumentation

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A Measure of the Amount of Energy that can be

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Level Instrumentation

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Operating Philosophy

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4 466##

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4 488##

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Level Instrumentation

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of Radiation Received and Hence the Level in the Vessel of Radiation Received and Hence the Level in the Vessel •

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5 511##

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Level Instrumentation

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