INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This project is about fabrication of a dual powered outdoor vacuum cleaner, in which we This project is about fabrication of a dual powered outdoor vacuum cleaner, in which we will have a suction pump run by a dc motor. The outlet of the pump will be connected to a bin will have a suction pump run by a dc motor. The outlet of the pump will be connected to a bin to hold the litter. The power to the dc motor will be provided by a battery, which will be charged to hold the litter. The power to the dc motor will be provided by a battery, which will be charged by
by the the solar solar panels panels mounted mounted on on top top of of the the device. device. Provision Provision is is given given to to charge charge the the battery battery inin adverse conditions by electricity. The complete unit will be mounted on a trolley for easy adverse conditions by electricity. The complete unit will be mounted on a trolley for easy movement. By this technology, the use of engines run by fuel for the same purpose can be movement. By this technology, the use of engines run by fuel for the same purpose can be eliminated as fuel is one depleting source of energy and the price of fuel in the recent years is an eliminated as fuel is one depleting source of energy and the price of fuel in the recent years is an increasing curve on the graph, which is
increasing curve on the graph, which is still increasing further. still increasing further. This device can be This device can be used in placesused in places like school, hospital, compounds, railway stations, bus stand and in lawns to carry away fallen like school, hospital, compounds, railway stations, bus stand and in lawns to carry away fallen leaves. This project is an attempt to clean the environment at a faster rate and by cost effective leaves. This project is an attempt to clean the environment at a faster rate and by cost effective means.
means.
Product Definition
Product Definition
Vacuum cleaners (Vs! are made in a variety of shapes and si"es for domestic and commercial Vacuum cleaners (Vs! are made in a variety of shapes and si"es for domestic and commercial us
useaeand nd fofor r didiffffererenent t apapplplicicatatioionsns. . #e#enenerarallllyy, , a a vavacucuum um clcleaeanener r cacan n be be dedefifinened d as as $%$%nn ele
electrctricaicallyllyopeoperatrated ed appapplialiance nce thathat t remremoveoves s soisoiled led mamaterterial ial (du(dust, st, fibfiberer, , thrthreadeads! s! frfrom om thethe su
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electrically powered vacuumgenerator or fan. The erator or fan. The material thus removed is separated and material thus removed is separated and storedstored in the appliance and the
in the appliance and the cleanedsuction air is returned to the cleanedsuction air is returned to the ambient.&ambient.&
Scope
Scope
'ultiuse Vacuum )or *utdoor +ard urfaces or Turf 'ultiuse Vacuum )or *utdoor +ard urfaces or Turf
+ousehold and similar use vacuum cleaners of all types found in homes, offices, hospitals, hotels and shops.
Ideal For:
ondo%partment omple/es chools +ospitals hopping entres'alls %thletics omple/es tadiums%renas #arages ampgroundsScope of the study
0 )unctionality 1 the function of a vacuum cleaner is to $remove soiled material (dust, fiber,threads! from a surface to be cleaned by an airflow created by a vacuum developed within theunit by an electrically powered vacuum generator or fan&.
0 2nd use (domestic commercial! 1 this study focuses on products designed fordomestichousehold use and similar usage by laymen in a commercial or institutionalenvironment such as shops, hospitals, offices and hotels, for removal of settled dust oncarpets and dry hard floors. Because of their specialist application, it is not sensible to includeindustrial vacuum cleaners used, for e/ample, on construction sites or in factories.
Daniel Hess
3aniel +ess of 4est 5nion, 6owa invented a vacuum cleaner in 789:, calling it a carpet sweeper instead of a vacuum cleaner. +is machine did, in fact, have a rotating brush like a traditional carpet sweeperand possessed an elaborate bellows mechanism on top of the body to generate suction of dust and dirt. +ess received a patent (5 ;o. <=.:>>! for his invention of the vacuum cleaner on ?uly 7:, 789:.
Ives W. McGaffey
The first manually powered cleaner using vacuum principle was the @4hirlwind@, invented in hicago in 7898 by 6ves 4. 'c#affey. The machine was lightweight and compact, but was difficult to operate because of the need to turn a hand crank at the same time as pushing it across the floor. 'c#affey enlisted the help of The %merican arpet leaning o. of Boston to market it to the public. 6t was sold for A<. 6t is hard to determine how successful the 4hirlwind was, as most of them were sold in hicago and Boston, and it is likely that many were lost in the #reat hicago )ire of 78>7. *nly two are known to have survived, one of which can be found in the +oover +istorical enter. 'c#affey was but one of many 7=th century inventors in the 5nited tates and 2urope who devised manual vacuum cleaners. +e obtained a patent (5 ;o. =7,7C! on ?une 8, 789=.
Melville Bissell
6n 78>9, 'elville D. Bissell of #rand Dapids, 'ichigan created a pushpowered carpet sweeper for his wife, %nna utherland Bissell, to clean up sawdust in carpeting. hortly after, Bissell arpet weepers were born. %fter 'elville died une/pectedly in 788=, %nna took control of the company and became one of the most powerful businesswomen of the day. The company later added portable vacuum cleaners to its line of cleaning tools.
*n ;ovember 7C, 78=8, ?ohn . Thurman of t. Eouis, 'issouri, submitted a patent (5 ;o. 9FC,:C<! for a @pneumatic carpet renovator@. 6t was issued on *ctober F, 78==. Thurman created a gasolinepowered carpet cleaner for the #eneral ompressed %ir ompany. 6n a newspaper advertisement from the St. Louis Dispatch, Thurman offered his invention of the horse drawn (which went door to door! motori"ed cleaning system in t. Eouis. +e offered cleaning services at AC per visit. By 7=:9, Thurman was offering builtin central cleaning systems that used compressed air, yet featured no dust collection. ThurmanGs machine is sometimes considered the first vacuum cleaner. +owever, the dust was blown into a receptacle rather than being sucked in, as in the machine now used. 6n later patent litigation, ?udge %ugustus +and ruled that Thurman @does not appear to have attempted to design a vacuum cleaner or to have understood the process of vacuum cleaning@.
Recent developments
6n <::C, a British company released %irider , a hovering vacuum cleaner that floats on a cushion of air. 6t has claimed to be lightweight and easier to maneuver (compared to using wheels!, although it is not the first vacuum cleaner to do this, the +oover onstellation predated it by at least F years.
% British inventor has developed a new cleaning technology known as %ir Decycling Technology, which instead of using a vacuum uses an air stream to collect dust from the carpet. This technology was tested by the 'arket Transformation Program ('TP! and shown to be more energy efficient than the vacuum method. %lthough working prototypes e/ist, %ir
Decycling Technology is not currently used in any production cleaner.
% wide variety of technologies, designs, and configurations are available for both domestic and commercial cleaning jobs.
•
"pri!ht
"pri!ht vacuum cleaners are common in the 5, Britain and several ommonwealth countries, but very unusual in ontinental 2urope. They take the form of a cleaning head, onto which a handle and bag are attached. 5pright designs usually employ a rotating brushroll or beater bar, which removes dirt through a combination of sweeping and vibration. There are two types of upright vacuumsH dirtyairdirect fan (found mostly on commercial vacuums!, or cleanairfan bypass (found on most of todayGs domestic vacuums!.
The older of the two designs, directfan cleaners have a large impeller (fan! mounted close to the suction opening, through which the dirt passes directly, before being blown into a bag. % separate cooling fan often cools the motor. Because of their largebladed fans, and comparatively short air paths, directfan cleaners create a very efficient airflow from a low amount of power, and make great carpet cleaners. Their @abovefloor@ cleaning power is less efficient, since the airflow is lost when it passes through a long hose, and the fan has been optimi"ed for airflow volume and not suction.
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#ylinder
#ylinder models (in the 5 also often called canister models! dominate the 2uropean market. They have the motor and dust collector (using a bag or bag less! in a separate unit, usually mounted on wheels, which is connected to the vacuum head by a fle/ible hose. Their main advantage is fle/ibility, as you can attach different heads for different tasks, and maneuverability (the head can reach under furniture and makes it very easy to vacuum stairs and vertical surfaces. 'any cylinder models have power heads, as standard or addon e-uipment, which contain the same sort of mechanical beaters as in upright units, making them as efficient on carpets as upright models. % separate electric motor or a turbine, which uses the suction power to spin the brush roll via a drive belt, drives such beaters.
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Dru
Dru or shop vacuu models are essentially heavyduty industrial versions of cylinder vacuum cleaners, where the cylinder consists of a large vertically positioned drum, which can be stationary or on wheels. maller versions, for use in garages or small workshops, are usually electrically powered. Earger models, which can store over <:: litres,are often hooked
up to compressed air, utili"ing the Venturi effect to produce a partial vacuum.
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Wet$Dry
Wet or %et$dry vacuum cleaners are a speciali"ed form of the cylinderdrum models that can be used to clean up wet or li-uid spills. They commonly can accommodate both wet and dry soil ageH some are also e-uipped with a switch or e/haust port for reversing the airflow, a useful function for everything from clearing a clogged hose to blowing dust into a corner for easy collection.
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&neuatic
&neuatic or pneuatic %et$dry vacuum cleaners are a speciali"ed form of wetdry models that hook up to compressed air. They commonly can accommodate both wet and dry soil age, a useful feature in industrial plants and manufacturing facilities.
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Bac'pac'
Bac'pac' vacuum cleaners are commonly used for commercial cleaningI they allow the user to move rapidly about a large area. They are essentially
cylinder vacuum cleaners strapped on the userGs back.
Eightweight hand(held vacuum cleaners, either powered from rechargeable batteries or mains power, are also popular for cleaning up smaller spills. )re-uently seen e/amples include the Black J 3ecker 3ustBuster , introduced in 7=>=, and the various handheld models from 3irt 3evil, first introduced in 7=8C. ome batterypowered handheld vacuums are wetdry ratedH the appliance must be partially disassembled and cleaned after picking up wet materials, to avoid developing unpleasant odors.
•
)o*otic
6n early 7===<:::, several companies developed robotic vacuum cleaners, a form of carpet sweeper , usually e-uipped with limited suction power. ome e/amples are Doomba, Doboma//, 6ntellibot, Trilobite, )loorBot and 3yson. These machines move autonomously, usually in a mostly chaotic pattern
(@random bounce@! across a floor, collecting surface dust and debris into a dustbin. They usually can navigate around
furniture and come back to a docking station to charge their
batteries, and a few are able to empty their dust containers into the dock as well.
MATERIALS USED
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*OR+IN, O- MODEL
6n this project,a dc motor will run suction pumpH the outlet of the pump will be connected to a bin, which will hold the litter. The power to the dc motor will be provided by a battery, which will be charged by the solar panels mounted on top of the device. Provision is done to charge the battery in adverse conditions by electricity. The complete unit will be mounted on a trolley for easy movement. By this technology, the use of engines run by fuel for the same purpose can be eliminated as fuel is one depleting source of energy and the price of fuel in the recent years is an increasing curve on the graph, which is still increasing further. This device can be used in places like school, hospital, compounds, railway stations, bus stand, where
people tend to throw litter wastes and this device can be used in lawns to carry away fallen leaves. This project is an attempt to clean the environment at a faster rate and by cost effective means.
Specifications +f ,acuu #leaner
The performance of a vacuum cleaner can be measured by several parametersI
%irflow, in litres per second MlsN or cubic feet per minute ()' or ftOmin! %ir speed, in meters per second MmsN or miles per hour MmphN
uction, vacuum, or water lift, in Pascals MPaN or inches of water
*ther specifications of a vacuum cleaner areI
4eight, in kilograms MkgN or pounds MlbN ;oise, in decibels MdBN
