• No results found

Refine the behavior by interior design

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "Refine the behavior by interior design"

Copied!
6
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/

Corresponding Author: Amany Mashhour Hendy 607

ا

ك

ل

ا

ا ا

[ Refine the behavior by interior design ]

Amany Mashhour Hendy

Interior Design and Furniture Section,Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Egypt

Copyright © 2016 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A

BSTRACT

:

While practicing the many daily activities, man always seeks the different means of comfort and luxury. Interior design is an effective tool to provide such comfort and luxury as it is used by any designer to create his vision in order to satisfy space users and their needs when practicing their indoors daily activities. The designer uses interior designs to create designs that go beyond just providing comfort and luxury, and to affect space users and their behavior negatively or positively. Furthermore, the continuous technological advancement and all the means of luxury, which vary from elements of the interior design, accessories, furniture, air, lighting, and sound volume, they all affects one's behavior inside any space. The problem of research is that there are many elements which negatively affect one's behavior within interior spaces such as: the different types of materials, the various means of technology nowadays, and providing different alternatives and means of attracting customers. Thus, the designer has to be aware of the indicators of the design lines and the used shapes, and their affinity with each other and their effect upon the space user and his/her indoors daily activities.

So how do designs and the different means of technology contribute to change one's behavior? What are the followed procedures in creating a specific design which helps to change the user's behavior? How does the mind comprehend the elements of design and its effect upon behavior? What are the techniques of behavior altering?

This research aims at identifying the techniques of behavior altering by using interior design, all while specifying the solutions related to design, which positively affects human behavior. Also, this research aims at identifying how the designer chooses the designing lines, which appeals to the space user, through analytical studies and survey.

K

EYWORDS

:

Behavior changing, Elements of interior design, Awareness, User's behavior, Designing lines, Positive design, Negative design.

ا : ا ا ر ا ھ ا و و !ا ا " # $ ا ً اد ن ( )ا *+(, ،

و ا.ھ $ " رو / $ 0ا ا 1 2 ا م# ,

د 2 ا و 14 " و غا ا $ ( ء 7رإ " $ 4 90 : هر < ا 1 / م# , 1 2 ا , $ ةادا " +, > ! ? !ا

14 0ا / )ا ر .

ھ @A ى + , ت 2 ل90 : ت ? !ا

" غا ا $ ( ت # $ @A ا $ إ Eا ر ن ( )ا / F,ا وا

.

$?# # < ا م ا ظ $ و ( ا

و ما ا م ( ھ ر ?أ : ! ا # ا

غا ا ، $ 0ا ا 1 2 ا I + تاد : / ع# $ ا # ا K

و تارا#(( ا و ت Lو

و ي# ( و ةء 7Nا و ,#4 ا O " ا # ا O 4 ا. ت#2 ا

... P ا ، 4 د ا ك# $ @R 0ا ا O " ا *

.

< : < و $ > " ا

نا : S ن ( )ا ك# * @A ك ھ Tو $ ثد ا "< ا م ا ظ $ ا ?# # < ا V )ا و ت ا ع#

7 ا ،

و K . ء9 + ب.? و ر 4ظإ V ا و ا / # )

$ (

غا ا ( ، @A ا ا.ھ ن#<, T

$ ن ( Nا ك# $ X 0ا ا O " ا

1 2 ا $ + K . ،

9 و $ 0ا ا 1 2 ا I و ا Y )ا 0ز ا. و ( ا ل <L)ا و 1 2 ا ط# 0 ت)# كر , نا ھ @A ي و \+" ا 4]+"/ 4 T

0ا / )ا ر $ # و غا ا م ( $ .

ك# ^ $ ( ا ?# # < ا # ا و ت 2 ا 14( _ < د ا

؟ م ( ا ك# ^ $ (, : + 1 2 a $ +" ا ق ا $ھ و ؟

تاد + ا كر , _ و ك# ( ا $ K ذ @A و 1 2 ا

ك# ( ا ^ ت آ $ھ و ؟ ؟

$ / F,ا ة @R ا و ا 2 ا ل# ا , e $ 0ا ا 1 2 ا ل A/ ك# ( ا ^ ت آ , $ إ > " ا ا.ھ ف 4, و ن ( )ا ك#

م# , _ و ،

ط 9 ا 2 ا ط# ا ر 0 / 1 2 ا غا ا م ( "

ا و ( ا ت ار ا ل90 : K ذ ، .

ا ت ! ا :

ك# ( ا ^ ،

* 0ا ا 1 2 ا I ،

كارد)ا ، م ( ا ك# ،

1 2 ا ط# 0 ،

*/ F,)ا 1 2 ا ،

(2)

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 18 No. 2, Oct. 2016 608 O 4 $ م ھ رود $ 0ا ا 1 2 O " ا

0ا ا ا تg

0ا ا $ ن ( )ا !ار , ،

ً " h ن h( )ا ك# h *h @Ah h4 ن#h<, hT O 4 ا ه.ھ

وا / F,إ . $ 2 ا هر < ا ةر# " 4 (, $ ا I + ا )د كر , نا 1 2 ا * و ت O " ا _

h و ن h( )ا h4+ h + , $ ا @Ah

: h( ا

4/ ( ا وا " ا ءا# 14 2 ا ا ا. و ـ j او , + او ( F ا قو / K ذ ط " راو ،

ةرد 2 ا تا j ا : د + ض + , ا O " / ن ( Nا 2 , + :

, نأ وأ h4+ _ < / تا j ا ه.ھ 4?ا# د ا e (, Tو / a , ةر h ا h

l hL :h ةر h ا ه.hھ تو h و _ < ا * . h0E

hO " ا :h hF nh ءا#h $hO " ا h ا h4 h , تا h j ا ه.hھ ع#h F و h ?)ا

وأ h + " ا hO " ا وأ

. , ] ا ىر 2 )ا ، <( * ) 2004

، 70 (

h او h 0ا ا ت hpا ا *h h ا eh ? h ر *h ز9 او , ] ا O " / ةد#?# ا تا j ا ه.ھ !ا * 0ا ا 1 2 ا " +,و h ا# / د h ا 4 ر h, *

" # * @R / F,إو

.تا j ا ه.ھ e ا# او _ < ا * ن ( )ا ةر T ء /

4 ?# و ك# ( ا ^ و ف h+ ا h+/ ، h 9 < و * 0ا h ا 1 h2 ا hI *h h j ا h 0ا ا تا h j ا * 1< ا 1 2 ا * ، / F,ا 0ا ا ت pا ا *

* . 4 ? و تا j ا ه.ھ e + ا * + ا ل إ ا. و ، تا j اردا و ن ( )ا ك# + "ط

ك

ا

F #ھ د / ا O " ا e 2 ا

و د :< , $ او د 4/ م# , $ ا Eا e ? ك# ( / 2 , آ

4q!9, نأ 0 .

: د ك ھو

9, نأ ^ :< , ) $ ا ,ر#+ ا ت + او ا. ا 2 ا ة " ا K ذ j أ : و ، ة L " ا q!9 e] ) $ ا 1 ھ ا 4q!

.

هؤ9 زو *<( Lو / s!) > ! اد و * 0ا ا 1 2 ا ل A/ @A , #4 * /و 4 ^ او ا O " / ن ( Nا ك# @A ,و Proshansky ,

Sommer, Ittelson ء)t ا ك# * @A ن + ا ت 2 ا !أ * ث @Eا V و ة ا O " ا 1 2 نأ

. ىر 2 )ا ، <( * )

2004 ، 33 (

ف +, "# # ا ك ا A/

. ة ھ ظ p وا ة ھ ظ n ءا# د ا : ر 2 * ا ت ط او ل + )ا

1 h ت ط h وا h او ?# # h( ا ت ط h 4h Tو h4 q!9 :h< , ) h+ ا ن h ءا#h ن h( )ا : ر 2, ط ىا ا : نو 0ا +,و h p #h *h

/ ث , Tو O / * :< و غا ا * ث , ) #ھو ، ^ , < و / @ O L v ك# ( او, ه pو . او < ظ# ث h , وا ، v h ا hj h,دارا ) h ,

* اوو د#2 < / ن#<, و ,دارا ةر#2/ @A ,

. د ا x +, ى. ا a او O " ا ا#+/ t,t )

2015 ، 173 (

. * ا ?ا ك# و */ F ا ك# ن # ك# ( ا : ك# ( ا عا# ا

-*/ F )ا ك# ( ا Y ا hL eh h : h+ ا ع#h د لوth hj ، ك# h( ا ث h , h j ا ثو h! د hF " ، "( * ا تا j ا / 1< ى. ا ك# ( ا #ھو :

) */ F h )ا ك# h( ا ناو ، hh " ا تا j h/ ك# hh( ا "h( *hh ا تا h j ا * hh( و . ا.h<ھو h2" ا @Ahh ,

:hh ن#h<, hh ب hTا #hhھو h+" *hh ا تا j h/

. ىدارا9 ا ك# ( ا t,t )

2015 ، 173 (

-h ا ^F او -h , او -h,#/ او -h ?)او ,د h2 T)ا h ا#+ ا hj h O " ا h ا#+ ا h+ / د h , ى.h ا ك# ( ا #ھو : * ا ?)ا ك# ( ا نا h ، hھ pو

تا j ، F / م#< * ا ?)ا ك# ( ا ىا h4 ن#h<, ) hTو h,# hTو *h ا ?)ا ك# h( ا _+h] hT h, +" ا

@Ah :h ن#h<, h ب hTا #hھو ، .h,

. ىدار)ا ك# ( ا : /و ل " ا h ا h E h ر ء h @أ ( ك# h( ا ) ن h( )ا h+ درو ( h 9 < و * 0ا h ا 1 h2 ا ل أ * j ) تا j ا h 0ا ا hO " ا *h

* Ah, ،

! و ، س (!Nا ! * ةد !ا ث9j/ , ى. او كارد)ا ه " )ا

*h ء h" ا ت h أ :h 4 و !ا ا ه.ھ * ف + ا " +,و . ( ا ! و ،

.* ( Nا ك# ( ا , +

) %ر '!(

1

) كارد+ا ' ا,- ./ ( ل 12 3ا

تا, 4 ا 5 3او ن #+ا ا ) ( ك

ت

ار

ـــ

ـــ

ـــ

ا

ك

و

ـــ

ـــ

ـــ

ـ

ا

ر

س

ا

ر

ه

ا

ر

(3)

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 18 No. 2, Oct. 2016 609

كارد ا

h/ h ا hO " ا :h 4 " h ا $h ا ت h # + ا ( و 1 q و ر 0 / د ا ھ ] / م# , $ ا + ا K $ ا كارد)ا , كارد)ا h ن#h< h و ،

h ا تا#h 0 ث9h@ : .

hF ا) 2012 ، 158 ( و : h] h

كاردNا 1 hq h( و تا h j ا +h , ن h( )ا h4/ h

h h" , *h ا تا h j ا لو h , نأ 1q h,

_ 2,و ت # + ا * ا

ھ , ھ ( 4 اردإو ھ + /

: وا 99 ,-س 99 : $hh2 ا ل " hh / hh + و ء$hh

hh/ hh ا hhO " ا $hh ث hh! وا : hh+ vhh ا سا#hh! :hh hh ! يا ل9hh0 :hh

) hh( ا ت9" hh( ا

Sensory receptors (

ا $ , و ء$

تا j / O " ا $ س (!)ا Stimulus

( ا ت90 ا وا Sensory input

. F ا) 2012 ، 158 (

و I ا ة " ا $ ا ( )ا ( ا س (!N /

و ، :, " د h h( ا ت9" h( ا ةد#? وا # :, " / تا j ( ا >h ! .

h ا ة#hT _h

l L: 0{ 1 و . 0) nTو : l ا v ى و ، ل " /

. P ا * ا ب 2 )ا " 4 و ?ر ا تا j ا * ( )ا ك# ( ا + "ط)

th او h + ا ا

(P,ر 9/

و _ , س (!)ا كارد)ا h4 ث h , $h ا O " ا l 20 ف9 0 / .

:h h ھ وا h " د h eh h + $h ي#h $h ا _hTا# ا $h سا#h ا e h( ) hT و

ت90 ا ت90 ا K $ ث T $ ا ت 9 0)ا وا ة ^2 ا تا ^ ا ف ا ( ا .

و ى 0أ ! : ،

A ث ! تدادزا ( ا ت90 ا ثو ! ة ! ?رد وا ي# ( $ ض ا ةر ا

وا تا ^ ا q!9 $ ة.hھ $ j< ا ?رد

و .ت90 ا ,

K ذ ا * إ , $ ا 2 t ا وا ةر @)ا ي# ( فو ظ n ( ا : ?رد $2Tا .

نا :h< , h ?ر ا تا h j h ( ا :h h ت ,# h( eh _h < ا $h h( )ا ء h] )ا ةر hT نأ s!9, h? ا ي# h( :, h" eh ah v h :, h"

( ا : ب# ا ب#h ا ي# ( ا e ],ا ا و ،

ن h( )ا h, ثو h! h?رد وا ي# h( eh , h ث h $h ا "h ا h p ء hL)ا وا h( ا :h

ت90 ا T * ا , 4 ض + . F ا) 2012 (

$ j , و س (!)ا ت ,ا "/ + ا 4 ا تار " )ا \+/ : -

F ا) 2012 (

• ا ,ا " ا س (!|

Absolute threshold

س (!)ا / F وا ة " ا : ى# ( Tا *4

د#?و م : / ف9 0)ا د ء$L

د#?و : / و ق9ط)ا $ L

$ ء تا h j "h( / و ،

د#h?و ل h !ا ك h ھ

ا ,ا " ا $ دا )ا : / ت 9 0ا س h(!|

j h/ و h j د h )ا :h ع#h ث h , نا hL :h nh/ @ <h / و h j ض h+ ا را h ا نأ h ،

+ _ < ا داز < ،

ا ض + تا h j ، , h j ض h+ ا ن h دا وا _h < ا Kh ذ $h h , و h4 د h )ا V"h(/ h4/ س h(!)ا h h ا sh!9 _h < ا ،

$( ا Sensory adaptation

• ,ا " ا 7 ا س (!| Different threshold

hh ظ#hh ا ف9 hh0)ا وا 4/ hh ا تا hh j ا :hh : #hh : hh/ hh ا وا ه hhIر :hh< , ي.hh ا ف9 hh0)ا :hh ى# hh( hhTا $hh hh , just noticeable

difference (j.n.d) ،

و h" nh( را $ h )ا 1 h+ ا _ ا T Ernst Weber

h ظ#h ا ف9 h0)ا نا h eh ا ن h ا $h (j.n.d)

#hھ :, h j : h/

# F $ p ف9 0ا تا h j ا ة hL $ ا e? , $"( ف9 0ا :< و ،

$h وEا h" ن# h / ف h ي.h ا و Weber's low

، " تا h j ا ة#hT تداز h

تا j ا ن#< نأ * إ ? ا تدادزا $ و)ا ف9 0)ا كاردا 1 , $< ],ا ة , L وا ,#T تا j j ا

."

: # ; ,-ه 1 # ا : 4/ v!ا * ا ?ر ا تا j ا \+/ * ا ن ( )ا " , _hT# و ن h( )ا hھ , *h ا تا j ء ا ك 4 . 0)ا \+" ا ھ F ,و

. j / * ا م ھا ى * ا. و j ا l 20 * ه " )ا ?رد

و .h ا $h 4 4/ ا ء L)ا ت O $ +7و و ، تا j : / س (!)ا و " ا 1 _ 2 / ! ا ه.ھ l ة ا

. تار hL)ا h ? / h + ا أ h", >h !

4 " ا 1 * ا و . ب 2 )ا "

h أ h0)ا \+"h ا ى h, h / ر#h )ا h, *h , hL ص h / +, + ا نأ : 9 + ا ى ، + ا * j< ا _ ,

* : ھ F )ا : / نزا#, + ا نأ :, 0ا ى , Tو ، ارا T ذ ا * * ط .ر# )ا

: < : , ط + ا ى

د ا د ا رط ا ھ و ا

Intuitive

، و ورط ا ھ ا

Delibrative .

ا ت س ا م ء ر ا اذھ لواد و

$ودز ا

Dual Process Theory

• 0اد +, _ كر ) ! : و , /و و ع# (/ 4q و * و)ا م q / ط + ا وا 4, " ا وا ا ا * ( * +,و ,

ا *4, " ا وا * ا 1 ا ر# ا * + 4 فر + ا ا# او (" ا : ا# ا : # F و / ( ا ا "0 _طا#+ ا * * "

v !Eاو

ةد #ھو, ىt, ^ ا ر#+ @A

4/ ا _Tا# ا * n/ @ –

@A و . ةد + ^ ا _Tا# ا * Tا (Wendel 2014, 3)

ا م ظ فر او او او ةد ا ا ا

System 2

نو* و هز*ر و , ط -$

، ةد ا ل* ل و ر * و اذ و ن

. د او ا ت و ا - ل ا ت و ا * - دود ا م ظ - ف ا / و

ن* ا ن و ، ىزاو و ل ل* ن1 نا ن* ا ن ن ظ ا ناذھو أ

- . ق-او ثد و ، ن س ا ن 5 ز نا ن* ا ن 1

. ه ذ6 ا د نو* رار - 7ط6 ثد وا ، ر * - ن 8 ر نو* ك ذ ن م:ر ا

(Wendel 2014, 4)

4 ا : j! " ا لو ! * ا ت ? )ا !ا " +, * ا# او *4, " ا < ا : / ق ا . + ا , ط *

ةد ر , ) ن ( )ا ن~ # h 1q+ .

* #h ا

h < , ، *4, h" ا وا *h ا h < ا #h4

, د#h+ h / ف h2 ك# h( ا 1h + ط h ا ) h

Learned Patterns of Behavior h,t, ^ ا ت h2 (

+, h ن#h<

ا "0 * " و . ة ا.h ا *h h و او ةد h + او h(" ا h ا# ا *h وا / ( ا

=1 ,9 ةد 9? "9#@2? ا ,9 !A ا 9-ا ل 9? B

93 C ا '9?A ه 91 # ا D9A "9 ا

. (Wendel 2014, 5)

: 4 ; ,-, A ا : 4 q و 4 " ا 1 $ ا تا j ةد $ + e7#/ + و Kh ذ ن h اذا h د h2/ ةد h م h<!ا $ ا ل#I# ا K ذ V! 2, نا $ ،

ا $ ء #ھ كارد)ا L

$ ء ) ما د ا ي V" و T .

(4)

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 18 No. 2, Oct. 2016 610 -ا و-ا ة -او ، :, " -ا > ! : : j -ا l 20 . @ا او ، را < او ، او ، j<

ر#+ ا > ! : : د ا l 20 ھA/

. 2 او ، ت ھ F )او ، د ?اt ا او ، j ا

ت 5 ا, 3ا

, E

ك

ا

، O " ا I + ا ا#/ ك# ( ا ?# و @R T O " ا م + ا ك# ( ا * $O " ا @A ا ?ردو

O " / ً اد ة @A ( Nا ا ً9j ك# ( ا ع# +" _

* ل طEا \ !# ا ت pا او ة , ا س ا # ةدر " ا ة F ق9 )ا

ا#+ ا ن ( Nاو O " ا ل F $ : j! " ا \+/ e ?أ Tو . او

$2 ا ك# ( ا $ ة @R ا ت # F ث9@ $

:

@ار# ا + " ا Genetic Endowment

O " ا e ا : "( < ا ة " ا Experience of interaction

ا O " ا ھا#ظ The existing phenomenal Environment

Tو لوا ن ,# !ا ^ ك# ( ا $h h < ا ن# ر , ا# 9,ا دور + ? $ # ر و v ? "T : ت j ا اوأو ت +"( ا 0اوا $

.ن د)ا ةد : : ا )

AddictionInfo.org. 2008-2016 (

.

) #ا 2 ا

ا

و

3Bا

ا

' ?

ك

ا

1 ( ( / 1 + ا ) ?. ا Modeling

, ط : 1 و : (: + جذ# ة ھ يأ) :, 0{ا ك# q!9

وأ / 1 + ا ن#< ًا j و ،

. ,# ?. ا

2 ( : ا Prompting 1 و :

/ .ك# ( ا ,دA / م# l 7إ ت وأ ة ( 1, ىا

م ا * l ا >! ف 4/ 7إ تا j ما ا

.ك# ( / ض ^ او ھ : ا :

# .ف 4 ( ا ك# ( ا ثو ! ت) !ا ةد ,ز

3 ( V, ا) < ا

($+/ ا Shaping 1 و :

/ ً O L ب $ ا / F )ا t,t+ .د# ا $ 4 ا ك# ( ا : ً

4 ( $ # ( ا ( ( ا Behavioral Chaining

و : $ 2 < / $ # ( ا ف 4 ا ?أ : + 1 ي. ا ك# ( ا _Iو ب# Eا ا.ھ : ] ,

/ $ 4 ا ف 4 ا 1 , نأ * إ ( ( < / ن#< ة ^I ءاt?أ * إ + دا ا ك# ( ا tF 1 ,و V و . ( (

5 ( t,t+ ا Reinforcement :

" تا j ازإ وأ ، / F,إ تا j 7~/ " ( ا $ هرا < ت) !ا ةد ,ز وأ ، V ا ك# ( ا 1 #ھو

@و ! +/ : $/ F,إ @أ وذ #4 ، a " ( ا $ ك# ( ا را < ت) !ا ةد ,ز $ t,t+ ا ظو 2 , )و ،

.ً ],أ ( ا ! ا * #/ )

2006 (

, 1 و ك# ( ا , + * ( ا ت ھ F )ا

*ھو :

-"G ا ه 5 ا ، h7 v h د ا ك# نا ة < * م# , ٍ:

h إو eh7وو h اردو h Tو h و h 4 و h+ h + ا VhF, h او h اذ h / <h #hھ

ت Tوا V(! + + تاءا ?)ا ] ا : أو

S h ا *h و h@ *h ا تا h j ا *h 1< h ا h, ط :h h 1< h ا :< , او ، @و ! h" ا

، h

ك# ( ا , + : ا#T * ه F )ا ا.ھ +,و . تا. ا a"7و ?. او t,t+ ا j

-" ,? ا ه 5 ا O / تا h j *h ل h+ ا دودر د hF v د ا ت / F ا ناو ، a د او O " ا تا j ا : / : F v د ا ك# نا ى , :

h

إو #4 و h @ hj # h :h #Oh( ن#h< hT د h ا ى + ا# ك ھ eh 0ا h ا hj, ! h ى h *h و ، h ا "0و h اذ :h h

h اء /

. Xط ا ك# ( ا 1 + / ( ا ق طو + ا

-" H ا ? ا ه 5 ا h / ن h( )ا h + , ى h " ا ك# ( ا نا ى , :

ة h او وا h2 ا ت # h( ا 1hq+ ناو ، h?. ا وا hOط ا

ت # h *hھ

+ : O / . * ?)ا 1 + ا ر V! I ارو / ت " ا #ھ ه F )ا ا.ھ V! Iو ، د ا t,t )

2015 ، 174 (

Iو ھ ,# و ت pا ا ت 2 / + , K ذو #O( ا : ءt? غا ا $ ( و ر ا ?# ا#+ ا K * إ 7N / ) ل# ,و ، 4

!و ، ة ( ا !و ، < ا ! : $ھ ق# ! @9@ * + #O( ا جذ نأ ( " أ ? ما )ا

ى و ... م ھا ا #< ا I + / : (

#O( n ء# دادt 2 + ا ! نأ .. 2 + ا : 14+T# * . #O( ا

:(!) 2000 (

تاودأ

, E

ك

ا

"

ل

أ

ا

" ا ا

2 ا + ا ج * إ

h? , h ل9h0 :h h4q, ي.h او .... h0{ا *h h 4 h @Ah و h ا O " / ى " ا ك# ( ا a/ $ ا T9+ ل# ! د F,إ

" ا :h إ 2,و ن ( Nا ر , و , غا ا : ن ( Nا ($ 0ا h ا غا h ا) h ا hO

. )ا h!ا *h h 0 ثو h! h h ب#hp h ^ ا ك# h( ا ث h ,و . : ھ hF

: * Xط ا ك# ( ا ا.ھ : l ا تا# 0 د و

1 . ك# ( ت " ا e ? / ( ا وا l ا دا ا

.

2 . ت " ا 4+ ? 1 * ا . S ا ص9 او

3 . . ت # ( 1 2 ا

4 . " ا تاود)ا ر 0ا –

. ما )ا #4 t,t )

(5)

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 18 No. 2, Oct. 2016 611

ا

ت G

" p #ھ F ا 1 2 ا ى. او

ر " )ا $ .0A, غا ا : ( )ا ت ? !)ا

ت # ( ا : ا وأ /# ا ت # ( ا : ( * إ *+(,و ، ا

ب#hp ^

4 ، ما ا ل90 : " ا ا ا ,ﺻ C

ا V و تاد

( و غا ا .ك# ( ا V,.4 1 2 ا , * ( ا تاود)ا j * او .

> ت 2 * هر < أ p I * رد T * 0ا ا 1 2 ا * م ( ا

(/ ف 2 Kh ذ * ( : + ك# تاد h و * 0ا h ا 1 h2 ا hI

ا 4 90 : Vط , * او غا ا ( ا t ا

<hL l h20 *h * 0ا ا 1 2 ا I l 20 د و . ك# ( ا ^ * ا د 4 ا تا j ا j د ا ى

. ?# # < و + "طو O /و

) %ر '!(

2

5 ا وا 1 3 غا,A ا "- - ك 3 " ,;K تا, 4- ?5 ا - " او " ا ا ا ,ﺻ C? A ا L ا ./ (

.

e ا# , / غا ا * p L دا )ا ت # ^ * 1< ا ح #ھ l 2 ا ه.ھ * 1< ا " +,و !و 14 @و 14 + "ط

. ?)ا 14 ي. ا ن <

م#< أ ن ( Nا + , > / + ا : ا#T ط $ +, A و ها# نود ك# ( ا : + # ض , د ا ?ا# , e (, ) : + ك# (/

. , نأ :< ا : ا.4/و

أ Eا 14( ن * p L ك# , + * 2 ا ل

. ت pا ا

( 4 اد /و 4/ 4+ ا >, ! ىا ) م ( "( / ة , F ا : )ا * K ذو ا > !

, "( / # A < # (, ي. ا ن < / "0و د ا + ن

ةر @Nا ى# ( 0اد # ا 4 ا j و ا ھ I +/ O " ا +F , أ > ! د $ j ا

$ ض + ض + نأ " $ ا تا j ا : , + لا#!Eا V pأ

ن < ا : /و / Eا , , 4 .

ا # # , " ا + " ا نأ فو + ا : ل#4F # j A/ م# +

4 ر T * 0ا ا 1 2 ا I * /و

.غا ا م ( ك# ^ * : " ا ه 1 # ا )- H C! و M و !( " ا ا ا ,ﺻ C L " !N ا C و

• I 0و ن ( )ا سا#! 1 2 ا Vط , نا .K ذ * ( ا تاودEاو ",.4 ف 4 ( ا ك# ( ا * _T# ,و ، اردا ع Eاو j )ا

• > ! /ذ ? j ا ^ ا ن#<, نا Tا j ا ن#< /ا.F ا جذ ا نأ * إ ت ار ا

ر # و K 4 ( ا ت ھ F ا * $/ F,ا @A j ا و ،

# و " $ ا جذ / .

F ا) 2012 ، 184 (

• > / * 0ا ا 1 2 ا I : / a/ا ا , نا A

ة < ا * A ا e . : + ك# : l ا د#2 او !او ه F ا * 1 2 ا ر < ا

. # V A/ • نا غا ا $ ( $ 1< / ن# # ,

1 2 ا ] )ا : K . / ( ا 14 ا "0 $ ء / 1 * ا# #<, نا

. "( ب#p ^ ا ت # ( ا V F

، 4 ك# ( ا ^ $ @R 1 2 / I ط وا !ا $ ا ل#I# ا و .

) Wendel 2014 ،

9 (

• ( 14 14 ا : < ھر " / غا ا $

4/ V F (, * ا , ا ا.ھ م ( ا ي , _ 14 VF .1 2 ا $ # A ا تا ^

1 2 ا ،

+" ا ي ا $ 4q, و ك# ( ا $ ر @ا K . ن#<, .

) Wendel 2014 ،

14 (

• #? ا ف 4 ا $ ا ل#I# ا $ ة L " ن#< تار 2 0ا ل90 : + ا e + ا VF, ،

: ( n ث T I ا ة j ن) .

)

سا# ا e ( ا

وا ( ا ت90 ا : " د e + ف ا

ت90 ا K $ ث T $ ا ت 9 0)ا .

) Wendel 2014 ،

16 (

• . / @A ا * /و / + ا : ت O ا e ( * ! : ( ا * ا (,و 94 * 0ا ا 1 2 ا Y"2, نا

< ا Form ئد "

ا )ا

O " ا e a/ا ا

v ا Textue

ن# ا Color

س ا Scale

L

,ﺻ C

" ا ا

ا

ا# ا ــ e

: ( ا

ا L ا

H C!

ا

0 ا ا#+ ا < او

: t ا

L ا

? 1O ا M 1 ا L ا !P ا L ا

0t ا

(6)

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 18 No. 2, Oct. 2016 612 • "ط و *!ا# ا

( )ا ، غا ا * ( دا )ا v * ا : ( /ذ ? j ا ن#<

. ھ @ا * ك# ( ا * 1< ا 4(,و

) Wendel 2014 ،

16 (

• نا ) ةد س ا 1q+ نو.0A,

در دو ا + ل , ? (: + 1 2 ) ل ! K ذ : 1ھ 7ر وا 14/ F ا او /ا و :, 0آ 4 " اذإ )إ ،

و F ا n

( ( .

• دا )ا ل ^ ) F و 2 ,

، * /#+I ك ھ ن#< 1 2 ا * ة , F او !و ا ر < )ا كاردا

كاردإ 1 2 ا $ + K . . ت) ^ ا

دا )ا

$ (

] ا 1 2 ا تاد ف ا نود 4 ر 1 $ ا E / غا ا .

) Wendel 2014 ،

19 (

• ت # دا )ا ب ( ا * رد T : ا . ھا < ا وا V ا * ا ىدR * او و v !ا I# , ط : +

QL ــــــــــــ C ا

6 ا ت :ار ا د6 كو - ر 7 ا رد 6اد ا م 8 ا نا تار 6اد ا م 8 ا ىد - $ ا و

ت * إو < $و ن < *

ا د ك ذو . < ادر و 6اد ا م 8 ا ر8 ا 8 6 ا < اودا ك ذ - د6 . ت *و ا ت :ار ا د6 فر

.غار ا مد6 كو ص, 86

ا كو ا - م* ا نا 6اد ا , ا

< او او <8, 86 فر ا ب$و ، < - ةر ؤ ا ل او او ، هر A ت او

,ر ا ت ھ $ او

كو ا ل د

.

ادر و 6اد ا , ا ل او - ر 7 و اوو دو8 ل* وا دارا رط ثد د و ، ر A < * و , س كو

-.كو ا اذ تار ا ل او 6 ا 8, 86و

* ا م 6اد ا م 8 ا ر8 ن ا كاردا نا فر ا ر و ر ا ر و ، ه ا ر و ، س ا ر - دد ل ار ث1

. ا كو ا ل د - ءد ا ت ا ن و ل ار ا هذھ

د ا م 8 ا تاوط6 ةد كو ا ل د ت $ ار ا 5 بو ط او < - بو:ر ر A ا كو 8 6 ا ت ا / $ ر أد ا 6ا

ت *و ب ا م 8 ا د د - هد او 5, ا ص16 او $ م ا ت ا ل م . < ص 6 ا وا هر A م ن و . 6 ا

ذ ,1 ا تاود ا ر 6ا - أد .ماد6 ا و و ذ $ م 8 ا ف8 نا ار نا ك

ث 6اد ا , ا د6 م -و كاردا 6اد ا م 8 ا و

< 4/ V F (, * ا , ا 14 VF .1 2 ا $ # A ا تا ^

ا <

* ا ي , 4/ 1 2 ا م ( ا * ( , * ! , F ا * 0ا ا

ك# ( ا ^ $ @R 1 2 / I ط وا !ا $ ا ل#I# ا .

• ما / : ( ا ى ( )ا *!ا# ا "ط نا : ا

ةادA 14( !أو 1ھ j ^ ا ت # ( ا , + +" ا ق ا عرا ن#< T

م9 ا 1 و ، #I تا @R e I +/ ةر @)ا n اذا I 0 4 ب#p دا )ا

"( K ./ : ( ا .

R

EFERENCES

[1] AddictionInfo.org. Stages of Change Model .2016 -2008 . http://www.addictioninfo.org/articles/11/1/Stages-of-Change-Model/Page1.html.(2015 ,1020 ل#I# ا P,ر )

[2] P.E. Kisuk Cheung. Design Guide for Interiors.Washington :U.S Army Corps of Engineers.1997 ، [3] Stephen Wendel. Designing for Behavior Change.USA: O'Reilly Media.inc.2014 ،

] 4 [ .* #/ !أ أ . " أ 1ھأو ك# ( ا , +

19 12 , 2006 . http://www.b-dss.org/Down/main/Instruction/?id=78 P,ر )

ل#I# ا 20 4 , 2016 .(

] 5 [ 2 ا F ) ". + ا 1 2 ل90 : * ( )ا ك# ( ا , + * V+ ا ت @ " .t,t ?و جر#? ( و ا 1

2015 .

] 6 [ . 0آو : < ود ت#< .K /و K I

،* وEا +" ا ، j ا تار j | قور ا راد ? :ة ھ ا 2009

.

] 7 [ * ( )ا ك# ( ا + "ط"

".t او + ا ا

http://www.tceg.caoa.gov.eg/user/Scientific_Articles/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7% D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9% 89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%84% D8%AA ل#I# ا P,ر ) % 25

6 , 2016 .(

] 8 [ .V " ن j

. + ا 2 او 2 ا

ا ]4 ا " < :ة ھ ا ، , 2

1970 .

] 9 [ .n أر * .غا او O " ا ، ا و e" , ا راد :ة ھ ا

2003 .

] 10 [ .ىر 2 )ا ، <( * .*O " ا v ا 1

،>, ا ب < ا راد :ة ھ ا 2004

.

] 11 [ , * * ( )ا ك# ( ا * + ا /)ا @ا" .:,د ﷲ ةد# ، p #/ا د# * ن

* لو)او *7ر)ا / ا : ارد !

".: ( ا "? / # ا :/ 0 عر L * + ا ,ر F ا /)ا

4 ا م# + د + ? F

نو + او * j ا F ا

-* j ا د + ا ،

2006 .

] 12 [ . F ا #/ا 1 q+ ا " .K 4 ( ا ك# ارد ئد "

ا را ا : ,ر < )ا ، + F

2012 .

] 13 [ .:(! $/# .ن ( Nا ضا أو $ أ ا نا + ا

،* و)ا +" ا ، j, ا n( و)ا +" :ة ھ ا 2000

References

Related documents

Start from the right hand side of the circuit and make series and parallel combinations of the resistors until one equivalent resistor remains... [b] When we have a load resistance

At first, a “forward” loop is performed, which amounts to the exact same operations as those used to compute the approximate Wasserstein barycenter using updates ( 7 )-( 8 )

continued to pursue harsh policies against guerrillas and their civilian allies. Wealthy pro-Confederate sympathizers were held responsible for the actions of guerrillas and

104 Four common scenarios may trigger the GST tax: (1) the giving of direct gifts to grandchildren or great grandchildren (i.e., inter vivos direct skips); 105 (2) the

 It provides a way for colleges to contact you: Thru the Student Search Service the college board allows students to share their information with more than 1,100 colleges

Origins of Civilization, Fall 2015, Western Carolina University North American Prehistory, Fall 2015, Western Carolina University Anthropology Capstone, Fall 2014, University of

In this study in this study the effect of using different types of glazing including single-glazed, simple double-glazed (air filled) and double-glazed with low-e coating

If you are a business owner hiring or contracting with other individuals to provide services, you must determine whether the individuals providing services are employees