Env

Pauline Aeriel Valdez ENV20 – A14

EXERCISE NO. 4: WATER and WASTEWATER QUALITY

I. Complete the table and write the meaning of the following acronyms (if necessary): (10 pts)

(6) PNSDW for water Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water RA 9275 Phil. Clean Water Act (7) DOH Department of Health – C.O.P Certificate of Potability

(8) DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources (9) EMB Environmental Management Bureau

(10) LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority

(1) MWSS Metro Manila Waterworks

and Sewerage System

(2) MWCI East Zone of Metro Manila Manila Water Company Inc. East

Zone of Metro Manila (3) MWSI West Zone of Metro Manila Maynilad Water Services Inc. West

Zone of Metro Manila (4) NWRB Deepwells National Resources Board Deepwells (5) LWUA Water Districts Areas other than Metro Manila Local Water Utilities

Administration other than Metro

Manila

Quality Standards Regulatory Agency

(6) PNSDW for water (7) DOH

Class C Effluent Standard for wastewater (8) DENR (other than Laguna Lake discharge point) at (9) EMB (10) LLDA

II. Enumerate at least 5 water/wastewater quality parameters which are correlated to each other. Choose from the parameters given below. (15 pts) 1. Total Dissolved Solids (organics)

 Color  Odor/Taste  Nutrients (N, P)

 Biochemical Oxygen Demand  Chemical Oxygen Demand  Dissolved Oxygen

 Total Organic Carbon  Temperature TREATMENT:  COAGULATION,  FLOCCULATION,  SEDIMENTATION,  COAGULATION,

 FILTRATION and finally,  DISINFECTION

2. Total Suspended Solids (organics)  Turbidity

 Nutrients (N, P)

 Biochemical Oxygen Demand  Chemical Oxygen Demand  Dissolved Oxygen

 Total Organic Carbon  Temperature

TREATMENT:

 COAGULATION,  FLOCCULATION,  SEDIMENTATION,  FILTRATION and finally,  DISINFECTION

3. Total Suspended Solids (copper mine tailings)  Color

 Odor/Taste

 Ion Content (Heavy Metals)  Conductivity

 Salinity

TREATMENT : COAGULATION 4. Total Dissolved Solids (Ca and Mg ions)

 Color  Odor/Taste  Hardness  Alkalinity  pH TREATMENT : BOILING PERMANENT HARDNESS  Color  Odor/Taste

 Ion Content (Heavy Metals)  Conductivity

 Salinity TREATMENT :

 DISTILLATION,

 ADDITION OF WASHING SODA OR DETERGENT and ;  introduction of ION EXCHANGER.

5. Total Dissolved Solids (Fe and Mn materials)  Color

 Odor/Taste

 Ion Content (Heavy Metals)  Conductivity  Salinity TREATMENT :  AERATION  FILTRATION,ADSORPTION,SEDIMENTATION  COAGULATION

III. For the set of parameters you have grouped in Item II, identify the waste water treatment needed to address the water quality problem. HINT: Consider the wastewater paradigm: Identify what primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment are necessary to comply with the Effluent Standard of RA9275 or Philippine Clean Water Act. (15 pts) IV. Answer the following questions related to water and wastewater

regulations. (15 pts each)

1. What is discharge permit? Who issues discharge permit to companies?

A discharge permit is a permit issued by a particular department for the discharge of any pollutant or combination of pollutants into bodies of water. It shall specify the quantity and quality of effluents that the permittee is allowed to discharge as well as the validity of the permit. Environmental Management Bureau issues the discharge permit to companies. The Laguna Lake Development Authority issues a discharge permit to companies who wish to discharge wastewater in Laguna Lake.

2. What are the different classifications of bodies of water? Based on what parameters are they classified?

There are two types of bodies of water, namely coastal water and inland waters. Coastal waters are open body of water along the countries coastline starting from the shoreline (MLLW) and extending outward up to 200 meters isobath or 3 kilometer distance. Inland waters are an interior body of water such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, reeks, etc that has beneficial usage other than public water supply or primary contact recreation. Tidal affected rivers or streams are considered inland waters. Coastal water is further classified into Class SA, Class SB, Class SC and Class SD. Inland waters or Fresh surface water is further classified into Class AA, Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D.

Water Quality Criteria for Conventional and Other Pollutants Affecting Aesthetic and Exerting Oxygen Demand for Coastal Marine Water class SA, SB, SC, and SD for parameters:

 Color, temperature, pH, DO, BOD, TSS, surfactants, oil/grease, phenol, total coliform, fecal coliform, copper.

Water Quality Criteria for Conventional and Other Pollutants Contributing to Aesthetic and Oxygen Demand for Fresh Water (Class AA, A, B, C, D)

 Parameters such as color, temperature, pH, DO, 5-day BOD, TSS, TDS, surfactants, oil and grace, nitrate, phosphate, Phenols, total coliform, fecal coliform, chloride and copper.

Water Quality Criteria for Toxic and Other Deleterious Substances for Fresh Water class AA, A, B,C,D and for Coastal Marine Waters for class SA, SB, SC,SD for the following parameters:

 Arsenic, Cd, Cr, CN, Pb, total Hg, organophosphate, aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor, lindane, toxaphane, methoxychlor, chlordane, endrin, PCB.

3. What is the BOD limit for Class C water? Explain why industries with 3000 to 10,000 mg BOD/L are given a limit of 130 mg/L.

The BOD limit for Class C water is 50 ppm.

4. What is a mixing zone? Give 5 prohibitions in the use of mixing zone.

A mixing zone is an area of a lake or river where pollutants from point source discharge are mixed, usually by natural means, with cleaner water.

 No industrial or domestic sewage effluent shall be discharged into class AA and SA waters;  No new industrial plant with high waste load potential shall discharge into body of water where the assimilative capacity is insufficient to maintain its prescribed water quality according to its usage.

 No person is allowed to discharge partially, wholly untreated/inadequately treated industrial effluent directly into bodies of water through by-pass canal, pumps or other unauthorized means except upon approval by the government;

 All wastewater control facilities shall be properly maintained and operated

 No industrial establishment shall be operated without the WWF, and capacity is beyond the limit of operations

 No person is allowed to construct systems if the purpose of which is to conceal or dilute an effluent discharge.

5. Differentiate Class A from Class AA Water. Hint: Compare the treatment needed. What standard do they need to comply for the water to be potable?

Both Class AA and Class A are the classifications for fresh water surfaces. They both need to pass and comply for the Philippine National Standard for Drinking Water. However, Class AA only needs disinfection to be utilized, on the other hand, Class A water needs to undergo a series of step of the conventional method in water/wastewater treatment which includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and finally, disinfection.

6. Differentiate Class A from Class AA Water. Hint: Compare the treatment needed. What standard do they need to comply for the water to be potable?