PROJEK JAWAB UNTUK JAYA
MODUL PELAJAR
BAHASA INGGERIS
PAPER 1
SECTION A
DIRECTED
WRITING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO ITEM PAGE 1 ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 2
2 PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
2009 3 2008 8 2007 13 2006 19 2005 23 3 ENRICHMENT EXERCISES Set A 29 Set B 30 Set C 31
1 ANALYSIS OF PAST YEAR EXAM PAPERS (2001 – 2009)
Year Topics
2001 An article for school newsletter 2002 A talk on road safety
2003 A formal letter to a class teacher 2004 A report to principal
2005 An informal letter (to a friend) 2006 An informal letter (to a friend) 2007 A talk on a reference book
2008 An article for the school magazine 2009 A report to the principal
2 PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
SPM 2009 Section A : Directed Writing
Many of your schoolmates are not interested in sports. You have carried out a survey on the reasons for their lack of interest. Based on your findings, write a report to the Principal regarding the matter. In your report, give reasons for the lack of interest in sports and provide suggestions to overcome the problem
Use the following notes to write your report
When writing the report, you must :
- Address your report to the principal - Provide a title
- Include your name - Use all the notes given
REASONS Students attitude lack of time Parents emphasis on academic performance tuition classes Facilities insufficient sports equipment poor condition-field, courts SUGGESTIONS Stress importance of sports Improve facilities Organise more competitions Dialogue with parents Employ qualified trainers Offer attractive prizes
1. Allocation of marks :
Content - 15 marks
Language - 20 marks
Total - 35 marks
2. Marks for content are awarded as follows :
Format:
F1 - Addressed to the principal 1 mark
F2 - Title of the report 1 mark
F3 - Name 1 mark
Content:
C1 - student’s attitude 1 mark
C2 - lack of time 1 mark
C3 - parents’ emphasis on academic performance 1 mark
C4 - tuition classes 1 mark
C5 - insufficient sports equipment 1 mark C6 - poor condition of field and courts 1 mark C7 - stress importance of sports 1 mark
C8 - dialogue with parents 1 mark
C9 - improve facilities 1 mark
C10 - employ qualified trainers 1 mark C11 - organise competitions 1 mark C12 - offer attractive prizes 1 mark
F / C CONTENT POINT MARK To: Principal of Sekolah Menengah
Kebangsaan Bahagia
1 mark F1
Address of sender and receiver 0 mark (not a letter format) F2
A report on the Lack of Interest in Sports Among the Students of SMK Bahagia
1 mark
Written by,..Khatijah Bt. Rosli 1 mark Name mentioned in the body 1 mark F3
Yours sincerely…Khatijah Bt. Rosli 0 mark (not a letter format)
C1
The reason why students did not choose sports as their preferred leisure activity is their own attitude towards it
1 mark
Another reason is their lack of time 1 mark C2 Students do not have much time to
spend in sports because they think
sports does give them benefit 0 mark (contradicting) C3
Has become an obsession with parents to make their children excellent in academics
1 mark
C4
Parents sending them for tuition classes, workshops and seminars at every possible opportunity
1 mark There is insufficient sports equipment
to cater for students’ need 1 mark C5
Facilities have insufficient sports equipment
0 mark (meaning distorted) The poor condition of the school field
and the badminton courts have drawn anger of students
1 mark C6
The poor condition of the school field 0 mark (court not mentioned) C7
The school authorities should stress the importance of sports to the
students 1 mark
C8
The school authorities could hold a dialogue with the parents during the next Parent Teacher Association meeting
F / C CONTENT POINT MARK On top of that, the school authorities
could improve the sporting facilities for the students
1 mark C9
The principal must be improve facilities very good for student
0 mark (meaning distorted) C10 Qualified trainers should be employed
to teach and guide the students 1 mark The school authorities could organise
more competitions related to sports 1 mark C11
After that, many more organise competition
0 mark (subject not stated)
C12
Attractive prizes should be offered to winners to recognize their efforts and to motivate other students to
participate in sports
1 mark
SAMPLE ANSWER
To : The Principal of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bahagia
A report on the Lack of Interest in Sports Among the Students of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bahagia
I have recently conducted a survey among the students of SMK Bahagia . The results of the survey show that among 2,000 students from form one to form five, only 200 would choose sports as their preferred leisure activity during their spare time. That number is only 10% of the student population.
Among the reasons cited by the 1,800 students who did not choose sports as their preferred activity is their own attitude towards sports. Many of them assume playing sports involves getting hot, dirty and sweaty as well as being occasionally sunburned. Also the students complained about their lack of time. Many of them commented that this was caused by the longer school hours and also because many co-curricular societies, such as uniformed bodies, hold extra meetings on weekends.
Not only that, many of the students complained about parental factors. According to them, their parents place an excessive amount of attention on academic work. Many of them have stated that it has become an obsession with their parents to make them excellent in academics. With their parents sending them for tuition classes, workshops and seminars at every possible opportunity, it has become very difficult for them to make time for leisure, let alone sports.
Other students complained that the school field and sports equipment are not at a reasonable level. Since the school field is fully utilised, the students expect it to be at its level best. However, they have said that the opposite is often true. There is insufficient sports equipment in the school storage room with only two soccer balls. The school’s hockey equipment is also in very bad condition with several broken hockey sticks that have not been replaced. The poor condition of the school field and the badminton courts have also drawn the anger of the students. Many students submitted complaints that the school field is very wet and muddy after it rains while the badminton courts’ floor is heavily damaged.
Due to the overwhelming lack of interest in sports among the students’ I have formulated a few suggestions for consideration. Among my suggestions is that the school authorities, such as the Head of Student Affairs, should stress the importance of sports to the students. The message would have a much greater impact on the students if delivered by a person in authority.
Moreover, the school authorities could hold a dialogue with the parents during the next Parent Teacher Association meeting. During the dialogue, the school authorities could explain to the parents about the importance of a balanced life for the students through sports.
On top of that, the school could improve he sporting facilities for the students and employ qualified trainers. Both steps would go a long way towards attracting the interest of the students to get involved in sports. The presence of the trainers would be an added bonus for the students because they could receive proper training on the rules and regulations in sports.
Lastly but not least, the school authorities could organise more competitions related to sports and offer attractive prizes to the winners. This would act as an incentive for students who have talent in sports to come forth and compete.
Written by, ……….. (Khatijah Bt. Rosli) Secretary, Sports Club, SMK Bahagia
SPM 2008 Section A : Directed Writing
You recently attended a leadership camp organized by your school. At the camp, one of your friends was chosen as the best group leader. You have been asked to write an article about your friend for your school magazine.
Write your article based on the information below.
BEST GROUP LEADER
Friend’s details Reasons why he/she Award received was chosen
When writing the article, you should remember:
- to give a suitable title
- to give your name as the writer - to use all the information given - to provide an ending
- to add two other reasons why your friend was chosen - that your readers are students of your school
name age family background responsible caring best speaker for camp debate school attended certificate of achievement RM500 voted the most cooperative
1. Allocation of marks :
Content - 15 marks
Language - 20 marks
Total - 35 marks
2. Marks for content are awarded as follows :
a. Format:
F1 - title 1 mark
F2 - name of the writer 1 mark
F3 - ending 1 mark
b. Content:
C1 - name 1 mark
C2 - age 1 mark
C3 - family background 1 mark
C4 - school attended 1 mark
C5 - responsible 1 mark
C6 - caring 1 mark
C7 - best speaker for camp debate 1 mark C8 - voted the most co-operative 1 mark C9 - certificate of achievement 1 mark
C10 - RM500 1 mark
C11 - one reason why your friend was chosen 1 mark C12 - one reason why your friend was chosen 1 mark
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK The Making of a Future World-Class
Leader 1 mark
Best Group Leader at Leadership Camp 1 mark F1
Camping 0 mark (article is about a
person not an activity)
By Zulkfli Bin Hassan 1 mark
Written by Zulkifli Hassan 1 mark F2
By Zee Boy 0 mark (name is too
informal for an article) Amir’s positive traits makes him an ideal
choice as the best group leader 1 mark Bravo to Amir and I wish him good luck
for all his future undertakings 1 mark F3
Thanks for the article 0 mark (not a correct ending format)
Amir Zulhaqeem Zakaria 1 mark
C1
Mee 0 mark (name is too
general)
17 years old 1 mark
Seventeen years old 1 mark
23rd of July 1992 1 mark
C2
23rd of July 0 mark (cannot determine the age)
Both his parents are teachers 1 mark He is the eldest among his 5 siblings 1 mark C3
Amir likes to go fishing 0 mark (not relating to family background)
SK Bandar Jerantut 1 mark
(C4
Jerantut 0 mark (no mention of
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK
Was a responsible leader 1 mark
Made sure his group members were
safe all the time 1 mark
C5
Reasons why he was chosen as a
responsible leader 0 mark (copying rubrics) He cared for the members of his group 1 mark
C6
Hel is also a caring person 1 mark Chosen as the best speaker for the
camp debate 1 mark
C7
Was the best school debater 0 mark (should be at the camp)
Was voted the most cooperative student 1 mark Always the first person to volunteer for
any task 1 mark
C8
Always cooperated with the teachers 0 mark (too general)
Was given a certificate of appreciation 1 mark C9
He gave a certificate of appreciation to his team members
0 mark (meaning is distorted)
Was awarded RM500 1 mark
Received a whooping sum of RM500 1 mark C10
Awards received RM500 0 mark (meaning is distorted) C11
He instilled confidence among his group members which led to victory in the camp debate
1 mark
C12
He did not let achievements get to his head and earned the respects of all the participants
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Making of A Future World-Class Leader By : Zulkifli Bin Hassan
On the 15th of May 2008, SMK Darul Ehsan organised a leadership camp at Hutan Lipur Pandan, Kuantan. The camp was attended by all the form five students. Its objective was to enable students to get along well with each other and help them to develop their self-esteem. At the camp, the most anticipated time by all was when the best group leader was announced. And as predicted by most, Amir Zulhaqeem Zakaria, a tall dark, looking guy, managed to get the prestigious award.His positive traits made him an ideal choice.
Amir Zulhaqeem Zakaria, popularly known as Ca’em, is a seventeen-year old guy who comes from Jerantut. His father’s name is Zakaria Adul Hamid while his mother’s name is Halina Hamid @ Md Noor.Both his parents are teachers. He is the eldest among his five siblings. He is now studying in SMK Darul Ehsan and is the head prefect of the school. During his primary school time, he had studied in four different schools which were situated at four different states respectively. He had been schooling at SK Gua Batu, Sarawak, SK Kangar Perlis, SK Ulam Batu, Terengganu and SK Bandar Jerantut, Pahang.
There were so many reasons on why he was chosen as the best group leader and one of them is that he was responsible. He is also a caring person who always made sure his group members were safe all the time. He instilled confidence among his group members which led to victory in the camp debate. As such, it was not surprising that he managed to get the best speaker award for the camp debate. And from the 253 students who had attended the camp, Amir Zulhaqeem was voted the most cooperative student. He was always the first to volunteer for any task.
During the final day of the leadership camp,he received awards from our school principal, Madam Hajjah Norlia Bt. Mohd Shuhaili. He was given a certificate of achievement as the best group leader and even went home with a whooping RM 500, a very handsome sum of money.
People also admired him because of his amazing achievement in his studies. He did not let achievements get to his head and earned the respects of all the participants. Furthermore, he is among the top ten students of the school and is the head of the students’ facilitators. Amir Zulhaqeem loves to play basketball. Together with his team he represented the school in the state basketball tournament, “The Flyerz”, they managed to win second place for the event.
The students of SMK Darul Ehsan should try to follow Amir Zulhaqeem’s footsteps. We know that if this country is to produce more future leaders that will soon help in developing this country to another level and probably, Amir Zulhaqem will be one of them. This year, he and his batch members will sit for the SPM examination. Let us pray together so that all of them can succeed and make SMK Darul Ehsan as one of the best school in this country. Bravo to Amir Zulhaqem and I wish him good luck for all his
SPM 2007 Section A : Directed Writing
You have been asked by your teacher to give a talk on a reference book that is so useful for secondary students. You have decided to talk about a science book.
Use the following notes about the book to write your talk
Details of the book Reasons why the book is useful
Title : Science Made Simple Author : Sharifah Shazana Publisher: Bunga Publication
attractive presentation clear explanations helpful diagrams variety of exercises sample answers
practice question papers useful tips
When writing the talk, you should remember :
to use an appropriate greeting and closing to state the purpose of the talk
to use all the notes given
to give two other reasons of your own that the talk is for school students
1. Allocation of marks Content - 15 marks Language - 20 marks Total - 35 marks
2. Marks for content are awarded as follows :
a. Format:
F1 - greeting 1 mark
F2 - purpose of talk 1 mark
F3 - closing 1 mark
b. Content:
C1 - Title: Science Made Simple 1 mark C2 - Author: Sharifah Shazana 1 mark C3 - Publisher: Bunga Publications 1 mark C4 - attractive presentation 1 mark C5 - clear explanation 1 mark
C6 - helpful diagrams 1 mark
C7 - variety of exercises 1 mark
C8 - sample answers 1 mark
C9 - practice question papers 1 mark
C10 - useful tips 1 mark
C11 - own reason 1 mark
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK Good morning teachers and students 1 mark Good morning dear students 1 mark
Good morning everybody 1 mark
Good morning 1 mark
F1
Assalamualaikum 0 mark (not a standard English greeting) I would like to give a talk on a reference
book… 1 mark
I am standing here to talk about…… 1 mark F2
This book is about…… 0 mark – (not the purpose of the talk)
Thank you ( mandatory) 1 mark
Thank you for listening 1 mark
Thank you for your attention 1 mark F3
I would like to thank all of you for listening….Good bye….
0 mark (not an appropriate expression to
end a speech) The title of the book is Science Made
Simple 1 mark
This book, Science Made Simple…… 1 mark
Science Made Simple…… 1 mark
This book is very useful…… 0 mark (title not mentioned) C1
This is a science reference book 0 mark (title not mentioned) The author is Sharifah Shazana 1 mark Written by Sharifah Shazana, this
book…..
1 mark C2
The book is written by a famous writer. 0 mark (name is not mentioned) This book is published by Bunga
Publications 1 mark
The publisher is Bunga Publications 1 mark C3
Published by Sharifah Shazana this
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK This book has attractive presentation 1 mark The book is presented in a very
attractive manner 1 mark
C4
This book is interesting and attractive
0 mark (idea of the book’s attractive presentation does not come through) Apart from that this book has clear
explanations on every sub topic. 1 mark We can easily understand as the notes
are explained clearly 1 mark
The explanations are simplified and
clear…. 1 mark
C5
This book is useful for many students 0 marks (point not mentioned) This book has many helpful diagrams… 1 mark C6 This book is filled with colourful
diagrams 1 mark
There are variety of exercises in this
book 1 mark
The author provides the students with
many exercises……. 1 mark
Every sub-topic is followed by many
exercises 1 mark
C7
This book has sample exercises 1 mark Sample answers are also provided to
guide the students……. 1 mark
This book provides sample answers … 1 mark We can refer to the sample answers
provided…. 1 mark
C8
Every reference book has sample answer
0 mark (does not refer to the book)
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK Another excellent point about this book
is it has practice questions papers 1 mark The practice questions papers provided
will…. 1 mark
Students can do their revision by answering the practice question paper….
1 mark C9
We can get practice question paper from the science teacher….
0 mark (not relevant to the point)
There are many useful tips in this books 1 mark C10
Students can always refer to the useful
tips found in this book… 1 mark
This book is affordable 1 mark
C11
This book is cheap 1 mark
This book can be reviewed at the library 1 mark C12 This book can be bought from the local
SAMPLE ANSWER
A very good morning to En .Kama bin Hasan, principal of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dinding, dearest teachers and my fellow friends. I Mohd Hafiz the president of the Science Club stand before you today to deliver a talk regarding a Science reference book that I have found very useful and may come in handy to all form five students of this school. I hope I can have your undivided attention for the next half hour as I proceed to explain how and why this book can benefit us as well as the teachers.
I came across ‘Science Made Simple’ authored by Sharifah Shazana as I was browsing my local bookstore for a text guide to help me understand science better. This book caught my attention as its front cover delivered an attractive presentation of a microscope and a colourful display of many unicellular organisms. Many of you would undoubtedly find Science as a difficult subject to master due to the amount of facts students are required to digest before examinations. However, this book which is published by Bunga Publications has clear explanation so that students have better understanding. This book is also filled with many colourful diagrams to instill a sense of eagerness in students to make them interested in the subject.
Apart from that this book has a variety of exercises throughout the chapters and at the end of each subtopic. These exercises are very useful because it tests students thoroughly on the contents of that particular subtopic.
In addition to that, sample answers are also provided at the end of each chapter provide easy reference when answering the questions. The suggested answers are concise, straight to the point are exact replicas of answer expected during the real examination what is required in the real exam. In short, this reference guide can serve as a useful resource for other topics under the science subject.
Another good point about this book is that it has practice question papers which would be very useful for our preparation for the coming examination.. Besides that there are many useful tips under the summary section which will give you a list of important details and cuts short long study before the exam. This book is affordable to most at only RM 12.00 and can also be reviewed at the school library. I hope my talk has been worth your patience and I can guarantee that “Science Made Simple” is an excellent science guide that many of you will find helpful. Thank you for your attention.
SPM 2006 Section A : Directed Writing
Your friend, who lives in another town, wants to know whether he/she should run for the post of Head Prefect. Write a letter to your friend giving reasons why he/she would make a good Head Prefect.
Use the notes given below to write your letter. Personal Qualities: friendly responsible helpful Academic performance: intelligent student hardworking problem solver Co-curricular Involvement: Blue House Captain
secretary of English Language Society school debater
Other points:
lives near school – able to sacrifice time
good study habits – academic performance will not be affected popular with students and teachers
When writing your letter, you should remember to include the following: address
salutation/greeting close
1. Allocation of marks Content - 15 marks Language - 20 marks Total - 35 marks
2. Marks for content are awarded as follows :
a. Format: F1 - address 1 mark F2 - salutation 1 mark F3 - closing 1 mark b. Content: C1 – friendly 1 mark C2 – responsible 1 mark C3 – helpful 1 mark C4 – intelligent 1 mark C5 – hardworking 1 mark
C6 – problem solver 1 mark
C7 – Blue House captain 1 mark
C8 – secretary of English Language Society 1 mark
C9 – school debater 1 mark
C10 – lives near school – able to sacrifice time 1 mark C11 – good study habits – academic performance 1 mark will not be affected
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK
F1 Students’ address 1 mark
Dear Ali…. 1 mark
My friend… 1 mark
F2
Hi…... 0 mark (name of receiver
must be mentioned)
Yours sincerely… 1 mark
Your friend… 1 mark
F3
Yours faithfully 0 mark (formal letter) You have good personalities. You are
friendly to everybody in school 1 mark You are responsible and friendly 1 mark C1
You are friendly, responsible, helpful, Intelligent, hardworking……
0 mark (no mark is awarded for mere mention of content point) You are also a responsible students 1 mark
C2 Your responsible nature will be a
well-added advantage 1 mark
Besides you’re very helpful. 1 mark You are always fond of helping others. 1 mark C3
You always help your friends ….. 1 mark Apart from that you are also intelligent and
a hard working student 1 mark
C4 &
C5 Your excellent academic performance
proves that you are intelligent and 1 mark Besides that you are also a problem solver. 1 mark You always manage to find ways to solve
problems faced by your friends. 1 mark C6
You are good in solving problems 1 mark Another good point is that you’re active in
the co-curricular activity. 1 mark As the Blue House captain you….. 1 mark Being elected as the secretary of the
ELS….you are capable of….. 1 mark
C7 & C8 C9
As a school debater you always…….. 1 mark Since you live near school you are able….. 1 mark C 10
Your house is near the school and….. 1 mark You have a good study habit 1 mark You are popular among teachers and
students 1 mark
C 11 & C12
SAMPLE ANSWER G9-1-7, Desa Perwira Jalan Anggerik 55100 Kuala Lumpur 16 March 2010 Dear Samsung,
How are you? Judging from the letter you sent me last week, you seem to be doing just fine. I would like to apologize for not writing sooner; the ton of holiday homework I received from school made it virtually impossible for me to pen a reply any sooner than today.
My answer to your question would definitely be a yes. I think that you would make an excellent Head Prefect. Your out-going and down-to-earth personality should be enough to convince you of your undoubted capability to take on this task. Your friendly and helpful nature would make it easy for you to get along with the students and reprimand them in a tactful way. I am also sure that you would take your responsibilities seriously as you are one of the most responsible people with whom I have made my acquaintance.
Furthermore, your academic performance outshines your peers making it clear that you are an intelligent and hardworking student. This in itself proves that you are capable of dealing with heavy workloads. Goodness knows, with the subject combination that you are taking, your workload is anything but light. Plus, I know that you especially have a knack for solving problems.
Though being a Head Prefect is without doubt a tiring job, the experience you have gained from being actively involved in co-curricular activities should help you to pull through. Being the Captain of the Blue House should give you a vague idea of what it is like to lead the school, while as the secretary of the English Language Society, you should be an expert at handling paperwork and organizing events. Besides that, by virtue of you being a school debater, your speeches would surely be outstanding.
The strategic location of your house should also give an extra shove towards running for the past. As it is within walking distance from the school, you would be able to sacrifice time and effort in carrying out your duties as Head Prefect. Your academic performance would also be unaffected as you are a consistent student with good study habits. In addition to that, you have a further advantage of being popular among the students as well as the teachers.
Having read of all your good qualities should make it an easy choice for you now, don’t you think? I hope I have helped you to make up your mind, but remember that no matter what choice you make, I will be rooting for you. Let me know of your decision. Till next time, bye!
Your friend, Hisham
SPM -2005 Section A : Directed Writing
Question 1
You have just returned from a three-day outdoor activity camp. You have decided to write a letter to a friend about your experience at the camp. Write your letter based on all the notes below
Who organized the camp Date of the camp
Transport to the campsite Number of participants Location of the camp Accommodation
Give two relevant examples of - activities
- benefits - problems
When writing the letter you should remember : - to layout the letter correctly - to use paragraphs
1. Allocation of marks Content - 15 marks Language - 20 marks Total - 35 marks
2. Marks for content are awarded as follows :
a. Format:
F1 - address 1 mark
F2 - salutation 1 mark
F3 - closing 1 mark
b. Content:
C1 – who organized the camp 1 mark
C2 – date of camp 1 mark
C3 – transport to the camp 1 mark C4 – number of participants 1 mark C5 – location of the camp 1 mark
C6 – accommodation 1 mark C7 – activity 1 mark C8 – benefits 1 mark C9 – benefits 1 mark C10 – problem 1 mark C11 – problem 1 mark
F/C CONTENT POINT MARK
F1 Sender address 1 mark
Dear Shanti…. 1 mark
My friend… 0 mark
F2
Hi…..
0 mark
(name of receiver need to be mentioned
That’s all for now./ 1 mark
I have to pen-off…/ 1 mark
F3
Hope to hear from you soon…. 1 mark The organisers of the camp was a ….. 1 mark The camp was organized by….. 1 mark C1
The PTA organized the camp. 1 mark The camp was held from the 6th until 9th
March 1 mark
The date of the camp was ….. 1 mark C2
The camp was held in November 0 mark (date not mentioned)
We went to the camp by bus 1 mark
C3
We chartered two buses to the camp 1 mark There were 120 participants in the camp 1 mark The camp was attended by 160
participants 1 mark
120 participants took part in the camp 1 mark C4
Many participants took part in the camp
0 mark (number of participants not
mentioned) C5 The camp was conducted / held in Pangkor
Island 1 mark
We rented a few chalets for
accommodation/ 1 mark
The boys were staying in tents…../ 1 mark C6
The girls were staying in the hostel…. 1 mark C7 &
C8
The first activity was the ice-breaking session followed by the “Bear the Brunt”
1 mark 1 mark I greatly benefited from this camp. I have
discovered my potential. 1 mark
C9 & C10
I have identified my weaknesses…. 1 mark Some students did not cooperate well
during the camp…. 1 mark
We did not have water supply on the first
day 1 mark
C11 & C12
We had some problems during the camp but we managed to overcome it.
0 marks (problem not mentioned)
SAMPLE ANSWER
Lim Boon Kim N0 4, Jln Muara
Tmn Indah
Pekan 13 . 3. 2010
Dear David,
How are you? I’m sorry I was unable to reply your letter any earlier as I was at a camp for the past few days. It was an enriching experience as I have never been to such a camp before. At first I was very reluctant to go but after I discussed it with my dad I decided to joint the camp. I realized that I needed some motivation for the coming examination. You know what? It was really an enjoyable experience for me.
My friend, let me give you some details about the camp. The camp was organized by my school PTA led by En. Rusmi the chairman of the PTA himself. The camp was from the 6th until 9th March 2010. It was a three-day out door camp held at Pangkor Island. We went to the camp by two chartered buses and later boarded a ferry to the island. 120 students took part in the camp accompanied by six teachers. Pangkor Island was a superb place for us to unwind and discover ourselves. There were chalets, tents and hostel reserved for us.
We enjoyed many activities. I cannot describe them all but I will tell you some of the interesting activities. The first activity was the ice-breaking session. In this session we got to know each other especially with students from other schools. I forgot to tell you that this camp was also participated by four other schools from our district. The next interesting activity was the Bear and Brunt session. Here we were practically yelled and scolded by the trainers. You know…I was almost cried. The purpose of this activity was to break our egos. After this we had a number of motivation guidance for studying, self improvement and also on time management
David…I greatly benefited from this camp. I have discovered my own potentials and able to socialize with others. I also have identified my weaknesses and strengths. We have to deal with it right…? However, the camp had its own problem. Some participants did not co-operate because they refused to go hiking and jungle trekking activities. Another “challenging” problem was that there was no water supply at the camp site on the first day of the camp. Anyway I feel that was a small matter compared to the benefits and lifelong experience that I had gathered from this camp. I wish you were here with me during the camp and I promise to take you along in the future camping activities.
That’s all for now. I hope to hear from you soon. Tell me about your vacation in Cameron Highland o.k. Looking forward to your reply and send my regards to your mum and dad. Bye.
Your friend,
Marks for language are awarded as follows: MARK
RANGE DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA
A 19 - 20
The language is accurate apart from occasional draft slips.
Sentence structure is varied and shows that the candidate is able to use sentence length and type to achieve an intended effect.
Vocabulary shows some sophistication and is used with precision. Punctuation is correct.
Spelling is correct across the whole range of vocabulary used. Paragraphs have unity.
The tone is appropriate – formal, courteous and suitable to address the intended audience.
B 16 – 18
The language is almost accurate but there may be more minor or first draft slips.
Errors may also arise from more ambitious structures which are imperfectly understood.
Sentence show some variations in length and type, including the confident use of complex sentences.
Vocabulary is wide enough to show intended meaning. Spelling is nearly always accurate.
The tone is formal and appropriate to intended audience. The reader is satisfied that a genuine attempt has been made.
C 13 - 15
The language is largely accurate to communicate meaning clearly to the reader.
Simple structures are used without error; mistakes may occur when more sophisticated structures are attempted.
Vocabulary is adequate to convey intended meaning although it may not be sufficiently developed achieve precision.
Sentences show some variety of length and structure although there is a tendency to repeat some sentence types, giving it a monotonous effect. Punctuation is generally accurate although errors may occur in more
complex uses.
The speech is written in paragraphs which show some unity, although links may be absent or inappropriate.
The tone of the speech is fairly formal but lapses into formality may occur. Slang or formal language is used from to time.
D 10 - 12
The language is sufficiently accurate.
There will be patches of clarity particularly when simple structures are used.
Mistakes will occur when more complex sentences are used.
There may be some variety of sentence length and type but this may not be successful in enhancing meaning or arousing interest.
Vocabulary is adequate but lacks precision.
Simple words spelt correctly, but errors may occur when unfamiliar words are used.
Punctuation is generally correct but does not enhance or clarify meaning.
Sentence separation errors may occur.
The speech is written in paragraphs which may show some unity in topic.
MARK
RANGE DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA
E 7 - 9
Meaning is never in doubt, but single errors are sufficiently frequent and serious to hamper precision and speed of reading.
Some simple structures will be accurate but accuracy is not sustained for long.
Vocabulary is limited and either too simple to convey precise meaning or are imperfectly understood.
Simple words will usually be spelt accurately but mistakes will occur when more difficult words are used.
The speech will have paragraphs but these lack unity and links are incorrectly used or the speech may not be paragraphed at all. There may be errors of sentences separation and punctuation.
The tone may be appropriate for a formal piece of writing addressed to an audience.
U (i) 4 – 6
Meaning is fairly clear.
The reader feels that the correction of ‘single word’ errors may produce a piece of fairly accurate English, but the incidence of error is high and will definitely impede the reading.
A very few simple structures are used accurately.
Vocabulary may not extend beyond a simple range of words that are inadequate to express intended shades of meaning.
Paragraphs will sometimes be used correctly but sentence separation errors may occur.
Paragraphs may not be used, or if used, show a lack of planning. There may be frequent spelling errors.
The style may not be appropriate to that of a speech.
U (ii) 2 - 3
Sense will usually be decipherable, but some of the errors will be multiple, requiring the reader to re – read and re – organize before meaning becomes clear.
Whole sections of the speech may make little or no sense. Unlikely to be more than one or two accurate sentences.
U (iii) 0 - 1
Scripts in this category are entirely impossible to recognize as pieces of English.
Whole sections of the speech may make no sense at all or are copied from the task.
Award ‘1’ mark if some sense can be obtained.
The mark ‘0’ should only be awarded if the speech makes no sense at all from the beginning to the end.
3 ENRICHMENT EXERCISES Set A
Section A : Directed Writing ( 35 marks )
You are the head prefect of your school. You received many complaints from the students about the condition of the school canteen. Write a letter of complaint to the principal regarding the matter.
Write your letter based on the notes below.
Complaints on school canteen
a. Food Not nutritious Not tasty Limited choices Too expensive b. Cleanliness
Food not covered Dirty cutlery Smelly drains c. Workers
Rude
Poor personal hygiene Not enough workers
When writing the letter, you should remember : - to give a suitable title
- to use all the information given
- to add two other complaints of your own - to provide an ending
Set B
Section A : Directed Writing ( 35 marks )
Your friend is under a lot of stress because of his poor result in the mid-year examination. He wrote a letter to you seeking for your advice. Reply his letter giving suggestions that could help him to improve.
Write your letter using all the notes below learn to manage time
set realistic goals set priorities do regular exercise have hobbies get enough sleep study in group make a check list learn good study skills seek help
talk to family members listen to music
When writing the letter you should remember to : - use the correct format
- use all the notes given - write in paragraphs
Set C
Section A : Directed Writing
( 35 marks )
Bullying is a serious problem in your school. As the school head prefect, you are asked to give a talk on the issue.
Use the notes below to write your talk
Forms of bullying How to deal with the problem
using rude and harsh words threatening others
causing mental and physical harm
spreading rumours or lies demanding “protection money” stealing
inform the parents inform the teachers carry out public canning organize anti-bully campaign conduct motivational talk suspend bullies from school
When writing the talk, you should remember :
- to use an appropriate greeting and ending - to state the purpose of the talk
PROJEK JAWAB UNTUK JAYA
MODUL PELAJAR
BAHASA INGGERIS
PAPER 1
SECTION B
CONTINUOS
WRITING
TABLE OF CONTENTS NO ITEM PAGE 1 TYPES OF WRITING 33 2 TIPS 34 3 NARRATIVE 36 4 ARGUMENTATIVE 40 5 DESCRIPTIVE 44 6 FACTUAL 50
7 LIST OF USEFUL IDIOMS/PHRASES 53
1 TYPES OF WRITING
NARRATIVE ARGUMENTATIVE DESCRIPTIVE FACTUAL
WRITE A STORY STATE THEIR VIEWS DESCRIBE A SCENE/EVENT, PLACE, PERSON BASED ON FACTS
2 TIPS ON CONTINUOUS WRITING
i) Mind maps and outline (table) help to stimulate the mind to think deeper by using the “5W1H” formula :
- Who is it? (Person/People) - What is it? (Objects/Things) - Where is it? (Place)
- When is it? (Time) - Why is it? (Reason) - How is it? (Method)
ii) Mind maps are simple graphic organizers created to help the students to identify some ideas related to the topic that they are writing using the “5W1H” formula.
iii) Table of contents (outline) will be able to guide the students to write the essay according to the required words (350) needed for this question correctly. This guideline will help the students to estimate the required number of words for each paragraph accurately.
TITLE
WHO
WHAT
WHERE
WHEN
WHY
HOW
INTRODUCTION:
When writing your introductory paragraph, always remember “what, how & why” questions. You must be able to lead your reader into defining the purpose of your piece of writing.
CONTENTS:
You must be able to define your main ideas relevant to the topic clearly and accurately. Your supporting idea must be stated clearly which must be relevant to the main idea. This should be followed by further elaboration and examples which are relevant to the main idea.
CONCLUSION:
You should be able to end your writing effectively and give your readers a sense of completion or satisfaction. You may like to highlight the issues discussed and suggest possible solutions to the issues highlighted.
TABLE OF CONTENTS (OUTLINE)
Paragraph 1 INTRODUCTION (25 words)
A brief, relevant and interesting introduction to attract readers’ attention Paragraph 2 CONTENTS (MAIN POINT 1) (100 words) a) Main Idea b) Supporting Idea c)Elaboration/Explanation d) Relevant examples Paragraph 3 CONTENTS (MAIN POINT 2) (100 words) a) Main Idea b) Supporting Idea c)Elaboration/Explanation d) Relevant examples Paragraph 4 CONTENTS (MAIN POINT 3) (100 words) a) Main Idea b) Supporting Idea c)Elaboration/Explanation d) Relevant examples Paragraph 5 CONCLUSION (25 words)
A convincing and satisfactory conclusion with suggestions & possible solutions
3 NARRATIVE WRITING
a) Definition of narrative
A narrative tells or narrates a story or a sequence of events. It may be about something common or uncommon, for example, a strange encounter or events, a sudden catastrophe, a crisis, a conflict, a victory, an exciting adventure or discovery. However, it may be also be about an ordinary experience or the daily routines that can occur in our daily life.
b) Tips on writing a narrative
Sense of sight – colourful lights, wide variety of food, lush greeneries, dark stormy, tall, dark and beautiful lady
Sense of smell – smell of coffee brewing, aroma of crisp fried chicken, pungent smell of rotten eggs
Sense of touch – soft silky material, rough surface, warm pot, hot iron, slimy dirty plates
Sense of taste – bitter coffee, sweet and savoury puff, hot and spicy chicken, sour grapes
Sense of hearing – blaring of horns, the sound of footsteps, doors creaking, brakes screeching
c) Features of a narrative
When you write a narrative, it is important for you to pay attention to the following: i) Tense ii) Cohesiveness iii) Plot iv) Characterization i) Tense
A narrative usually describes events or happenings in the past. Thus, the Past Tense forms are usually used in narrative writing. Other tenses are also used but not as frequently.
ii) Cohesiveness
The flow of the story is important as it sets the mood of the storyline. Events should be arranged logically and systematically. This can be done by using connectors and suitable linkers.
Connectors / Conjunctions Functions a) Nevertheless, However,
b) On the other hand
To show contrast of ideas To join two opposing ideas a) As well as, Besides,
Both…and, Not only…but also
To combine two ideas that are similar or related
a) In addition, Furthermore, Moreover
To introduce new ideas or add extra information
a) In conclusion, In short, To summarize
To conclude the story or the ideas presented
iii) Plot
The plot is the story’s framework. It is the storyline of, for example, how a character changes or how a mystery is solved or how an enemy is defeated. To be interesting, a story must have a good plot.
iv) Characterization
The events in the story usually happens to the main character and how he/she solves a problem or overcomes challenges thrown towards him. Thus, characterization should include the description , the characteristics as well as clear incidents that show his utmost outstanding personality.
A SAMPLE OF A NARRATIVE ESSAY Write a story ending with:
“We had never laughed so much in our lives”
We were just coming back from the railway station after picking up my brother who had arrived from Kuala Lumpur. As we arrived at our house, my brother who has not been around for three years jumped out and said happily, “Home sweet home at last”. Our father quickly stopped him and said, “You might get lost in the house because we have given the house a new facelift.” Danny quickly said, “Dad, it is my house and how can I get lost in my own house even though you have renovated it.”
Father quickly took out the keys and offered to show my brother around the newly renovated house. My brother was impatient and he dashed in when dad had opened the door. He tried to open the door of his room but it turned out to be a new toilet. That was the first surprise that he had when stepped into the house.
Soon he tiptoed back, he looked shocked. Our father was surprised and asked him what the matter was. He told us that there was a burglar in the toilet. We were all frightened. Our mother reminded us of the many break-ins that were happening in the neighbourhood. Father went first and all of us tiptoed carefully following father to investigate brother‘s claim. Sure enough there was movement in the toilet.
My brother suggested that we take a stick each and attack the intruder. So we got ready. Father took a hammer to break open the door. He said that there was no other way the intruder could come in. Father gave the door a hard blow. It flew wide open. With all our might, we swung at the supposedly present intruder. But we were merely swinging at the wind. There was no one.
We were astonished and wondered who could it be. My younger sister screamed, “I thought there was a ghost in the bathroom.” Suddenly, from the toilet bowl came a small head. We peeped into the bowl; it was our pet dog Skippy. All of us had completely forgotten about him. It had gone into the toilet and the door was shut. Skippy couldn’t get out. We looked at the poor shivering Skippy, and we all burst out laughing. We had never laughed so much in our lives.
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
The following writing activities can be carried by the students under the guidance of the teachers to make them better writers.
1) Write a story ending with: (2004)
“We had never laughed so much in our lives.” 2) Write a story with the title: (2005)
An Unexpected Visitor
3) Write a story ending with: (2006)
“If only I had been more careful, that wouldn’t have happened.” 4) Write a story beginning with: (2007)
Kim was nervous when the door opened….. 5) Write a story ending with: (2008)
“…..Now I realize the value of a true friend.” 6) Write a story ending with: (2009)
4 ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING a) Introduction
In an argumentative essay, students are required to state their views on an issue. These views can be in favour or against the issue. Students may be required to make a stand or present a balanced view of the issue and state their stand or recommendation in the conclusion. Whatever the format required, all views, for and against, must be supported by examples and facts.
b) Tips on the format in writing an argumentative essay Introduction
- Look at the issues or topic concern - Explain the issue or topic given - Express stand, if required Body
- Arguments for - Arguments against - Give supporting statement - Give evidence - Compare & contrast - Justify argument - Justify with examples
Conclusion or recommendation - Restate your stand
c) Some useful expressions in an argumentative essay I agree…/I disagree…/I believe…/I don’t believe… It cannot be denied…/There is no doubt…
I am sure that… My intention is… I am of the opinion…
d) How to write a “thesis statement”
WHY ? (To identify the problems/ideas related to the topic) HOW ? (To come up with solutions/recommendation)
Using the brainstorming techniques (5W1H) will enable the students to generate ideas & details related to the topic concern.
TABLE OF CONTENTS (OUTLINE)
PART OF
ESSAY AGREE DISAGREE NEUTRAL
Introduction (Paragraph 1) Thesis statement of agreement Thesis statement of disagreement Thesis statement of neutrality Body (Paragraph 2) Topic sentence 1 (first reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Topic sentence 1 (first reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Topic sentence 1 (Reason (s) for agreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Body (Paragraph 3) Topic sentence 2 (second reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Topic sentence 2 (second reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Topic sentence 2 (Reason (s) for disagreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Body (Paragraph 4) Topic sentence 3 (third reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Topic sentence 3 (third reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Topic sentence 3 (Reason (s) for dis/agreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence Conclusion (Paragraph 5) Restatement of opinion Summary of main points Restatement of opinion Summary of main points Restatement of opinion Summary of main points
A SAMPLE OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Examinations – good or bad?
Examinations are good. They are a means to evaluate the performance and assess the academic achievements of students. They aim at testing the students’ grasp and understanding of the subjects taught to them. Obviously examinations have come to play an important part in one’s educational career. In fact most students are afraid of examinations.
No examinations may lead students to nowhere. Studies will no more be an orchard of knowledge. The ability to pass an examination is indeed a valuable quality. It shows that the student is able to express his thoughts and ideas in a manner others can understand. It also shows that the student has acquired a certain amount of knowledge in some branches of study. Besides, the mind of a student, even if he is dull, receives good exercise when he prepares for an examination. A student’s success in an examination therefore helps employers and others to assess his mental or general ability.
One may doubt about the existence of educational institutions, especially colleges, if there are no examinations. Some may disappear. Others would remain but known only for fun and frolic. College unions would be more important than the classes. The classes may run. But the teachers will have to arrange programmes in the classes to attract the students. As such students will only go for selective studies done through selective books, guides and notes. Even the strenuous two months before the examinations will be left for relaxation.
Examinations pave the route to students to portray their excellence in studies. They are able to compete with each other in order to prove their mental powers. Students will be able to show their intelligence and power of reasoning especially if they are sitting for higher examinations. There are so many subjects taught in schools and a student can indicate his grasp of the subjects that he has studied.
Without examinations, institutions of education will face difficulties in assessing the mental capabilities of the students. Selections of candidates for careers will also become a problem as paper qualifications play a vital role in the career arena. Examinations enable students to qualify for scholarship apart from gaining entry into institutions of higher learning.
The excellence of examinations consists of its objectives and the goal of evaluating the quantum of knowledge acquired by students and of grading them. As such, the world of academicians will be filled with poor souls without examinations.
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
The following writing activities can be carried by the students under the guidance of the teachers to make them better writers.
1) How can we help promote tourism in Malaysia? (2004) 2) How to keep oneself healthy. (2005)
3) How can television help students in their studies? (2006)
4) “Teenagers today are only interested in entertainment.” (2007) Do you agree? Support your opinion.
5) Examinations – good or bad? (2008)
5 DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
They are three (3) types of descriptive essays. They are : a) Describing a scene/event
b) Describing a place c) Describing a person
a) Describing a scene/event
When describing a scene or event, you are required to write in some details about the people and activities going on.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of scenes/events Be clear about what scene/event you are describing Description must be lively and interesting
Describe activities in details Activities are arranged in order
Highlight person involved & what are they doing
Capture the mood of the scene (noise, lights & colours) b) Describing a place
When describing a place, you are required to describe the place in detail. In your description, include the people and activities going on.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of places Give an introduction to the place
Give a physical description of the place (from outside moving to inside) Describe what you see and hear
Describe in details the activities and attractions Can include your personal feelings about the place
DO’S DON’TS Have a good grasp of the topic Choose a topic if you don’t
understand Write about the place/scene only if
you have the knowledge about it
Try to describe a place/scene if you are not sure about it
Describe the activities of the people in it
Leave out the activities of the people in it
Write about your feelings /
impressions of the place or scene
Leave out your feelings about the place/ scene
Write concluding lines about your description
End your description without a conclusion
c) Describing a person
When describing a person/a group of people, you should give enough details about the person/people. Include their lifestyle, contributions if any and daily activities.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of people Be clear about who you are describing
If he/she is a famous person, mention why is he/she famous If it is about a group, some knowledge about them is vital Your description must be interesting
Mention the special features why that person is outstanding Use present tense if the person is still alive
DO’S DON’TS
Write a clear description about the person or group of people
Give a poor description of the person or group of people Highlight his/her/their qualities Leave out his/her/their qualities Describe his/her/their interests
clearly Leave out his/her/their interests Describe the lifestyle of that
person/group correctly
Forget to mention about the lifestyle of the person/group Conclude the description orderly End the description abruptly
USEFUL WORDS & PHRASES TO DESCRIBE FEELINGS AND REACTIONS
FEELINGS REACTIONS
Terrified face went as white as a sheet
Shocked
my heart missed a beat or two screamed at the top of my voice nearly jumped out of my skin eyes nearly popped out I stood dumbfounded
I almost choked on my food
Angry
seethed with anger went mad with rage started calling names
my parents went mad with rage he hit the roof
Embarrassed
went as red as a beetroot was blushing from head to toe had guilt written all over his face
I did not know where to conceal myself
Amused
burst out laughing
he had everyone in stitches my friend became hysterical
Happy
she smiled from ear to ear I danced in to the room
USEFUL VOCABULARY & SENTENCE PATTERNS
A. THE SKY
- The blazing sun was shining through the cloudless sky ( a hot mid-day) - The sun rose, slowly and majestically, over mountains (early morning) - The sun appeared over the horizon, giving out rays of faint yellow light.
(dawn/sunrise)
- Everything looked radiant in the early morning sun. B. THE BEACH/SEA
- Tall coconut palms swayed gracefully to the sounds of the sea waves (beach)
- The gentle waves rolled endlessly towards the white sparkling beach (b each)
- The whispering breeze and splashing waves gently rocks me to sleep. - The winds caresses my cheeks and ruffles your hair as I relish the tickling
sensation of the waves crashing at my feet. C. A STORM
- The sky darkened and it threatened to rain but the weather held (gloomy with no rain)
- Lightning streaked across the sky
- There was a flash of lightning followed by a rumble of thunder. - The wind shrieked. The wind howled
- A peal of thunder boomed in the distance. D. A VILLAGE
- The village houses were hurdled together ,surrounded by lush green shrubs and trees
- As it was a fruit season, the wind carried the strong fruity aroma, tantalizing all who came across it.
- Behind the quaint little huts, thick green forests and hills lends a majestic surrounding to the village.
- The garden was a kaleidoscope of colour as red, pink and orange flowers danced gracefully in the gentle breeze
E. DAY/NIGHT
- The dark night was slowly crawling by and the dawn was approaching - As the moon makes a retreat, the sun rises in all its radiance and splendor.
- A new day is born.
- The night crawled by slowly.
- The stars twinkled in the black sky like thousands of fireflies - The cry of million cicadas broke the silence of the night
- In the dead of the night, came the sound of the banging of a door.
A SAMPLE OF A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY Describe the biggest challenge in your life
The biggest challenge in my life is to get through my SPM examination with good grades. Little did I know that the form five Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia or SPM examination is so important to me. Ever since I have entered secondary school, I have been repeatedly told and reminded by my teachers and my family that SPM exam is very important because it is the stepping stone into my career and my future. But as usual, students like me have taken this matter lightly because we cannot see the future yet.
Many students can fairly get through the SPM exam, but how many of us will be able to get through with flying colours is another question. Why is it so important to do well at SPM level? It is simply because it is a gateway to further education and higher education. Strange enough SPM qualification itself does carry weight. A person with SPM qualification only get to be employed as a clerk and may be paid a salary of RM500.00 at the most. But having a good SPM certificate can ensure many other perks.
Students with good grades are often offered scholarships to further studies in local or foreign institutions of higher learning. This incentive will be a great motivation to me as I do not have to burden my parents unnecessarily. Moreover, those with good grades are also exempted from sitting for foundation courses in some programmes. This is good because I can save cost and time in pursuing my ambition that is to be a bio-technologist.
Those students who do well in SPM are also given priority to get into Form Six or the pre-university classes which are conducted in some schools. The cost is low and affordable for students and parents. Those who want to do their pre-university in a private college because their SPM results are not good enough to be absorbed into government schools, have to pay higher fees.
With an excellent SPM result, students can also opt to do their A levels which could take them for an oversea education in countries like the United Kingdom, Australia or even in the United States of America. These countries have excellent tertiary educational programmes which uses the SPM results as their yardstick to take in Malaysian students.
Therefore I think the biggest hurdle in my life is the SPM. It is the deciding factor that makes or breaks my future and career. So my advice to all my comrades out there, take the challenge and excel in your studies.
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
The following writing activities can be carried by the students under the guidance of the teachers to make them better writers.
1) Describe a festival celebrated in your area. (2004) 2) Describe the biggest challenge in your life. (2005)
3) Describe an enjoyable weekend you have experienced. (2006) 4) Describe an embarrassing experience in your life. (2007)
5) Write about a person who has worked hard to succeed in life. (2008) 6) Describe an unforgettable incident that you saw on your way home
6 FACTUAL / EXPOSITORY WRITING
a) Introduction
You are required to write a composition which demands some knowledge of the topic. This topic requires the students to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea and present in a clear and concise manner. It is based on facts such as real events or happenings, real examples and real figures if any. If it is on a current issue, you need to have read about it.
Guidelines in writing factual / expository essay Understand what you should write
Have a good knowledge on the topic Jot down relevant point using mind map Arrange the points in sequence / orderly
Try to elaborate with real figures, examples, names Points must be well explained or illustrated
DO’S DON’TS
Have a good knowledge of the topic Choose a topic if you are not sure about the facts
Jot down the points Start writing immediately Define the topic & give relevant
examples
Start writing without giving any clear definition
Arrange points according to
importance Jumble up your points
Give relevant examples & figures Forget to give relevant examples & illustrations
Present points clearly Present points poorly Sum up points accurately End without a conclusion
