The Cold War. Glossary

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The Cold War

Glossary

TERM DEFINITION

Soviet Union the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, established in 1921 after the communists took power in Russia, collapsed in 1991 and broke into independent states

democratic

communist a political system in which the workers control the means of production and all goods and services are distributed evenly

Cold War the struggle for supremacy between the free world led by the United States, and the Communist Bloc led by the Soviet Union

annexed

satellite state

Eastern Bloc Eastern European states of the Warsaw Pact that had been forced to become satellite states of the Soviet Union

containment

Berlin Wall a barbed wire and concrete block fence built by the East German government in 1961 to prevent East Germans from crossing from East Berlin into West Berlin

hydrogen bomb a type of nuclear weapon more powerful than the atomic bombs used during World War II

superpower

brinksmanship

mutually assured destruction

proxy war

38th Parallel a line of latitude that was used to divide the Korean peninsula after World War II stalemate

French Indochina a portion of Southeast Asia that had been colonized by the French during the Age of Imperialism in the late 1800s, but captured by the Japanese during World War II domino theory

command economy

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martial law

perestroika

glasnost

federation

Objective

In this lesson, you will _______________________________________________________________________.

The Cold War in Europe

After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as the dominant powers with different _ for post-war Europe. The United States wanted a free Europe while the Soviet Union wanted to establish control over much of_ Europe. This situation created mutual ___________, resulting in the Cold War.

Soviet Expansion in Europe

On the map, identify the following Soviet satellite states: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

After World War II, the Soviet Union _____________

territories in _, Lithuania,and ____.

To maintain control, the Soviet Union stationed ______________ in the satellite states.

•

They followed the communist model, and the military and secret police maintained control.

•

• In 1946 British prime mininster Winston _________ gave a speech in which he described an “ _” that divided the - controlled and the ___ nations of Europe.

Western leaders did not _Soviet leader Joseph _______.

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The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

In 1947, Harry Truman outlined a policy based on the idea of ____________________.

Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan

•

United States would provide economic and military support to nations threatened by communist takeover.

•

goal was to help war-torn countries rebuild and establish democratic influence in post-war Europe

• A Divided Germany

Complete the table to summarize differences between West and East Germany.

Government/ Economic System

Superpower influence

Economic Performance

West Germany democratic and capitalist prosperous; growth through industrialization

East Germany Soviet Union

Berlin Blockade

The German ___ of Berlin, was divided into four occupation , but was located in

______ Germany. The Soviets gave the Western allies and _ access to Berlin. In 1948, the Soviets formed a ____ of all , railway, and _ routes into _______ Berlin to drive out the Western Allies.

Berlin Airlift

The United States responded to the Berlin Blockade by conducting a massive ____________, dropping

___________ and other resources to people in West Berlin. The Soviets could have ended the airlift by

______ down the planes but knew that this would result in a .

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Military Alliances

The Berlin Blockade led the formation of new military alliances.

Complete the table to identify the founding members and purposes of the NATO and Warsaw Pact alliances.

NATO (1949) Warsaw Pact (1955)

Members

United States, Britain, Canada, France, Italy, and 7 other Western European countries;

Purpose

• defensive military alliance

• allowed the soviet Union to maintain tighter control over satellite states

The Berlin Wall

The city of Berlin was a central focus of Cold War struggles.

• By the 1950s, West Berlin was ( prospering struggling) while East Berlin was ( prospering struggling). Many East Berliners sought to escape __________________________.

• In 1961, the Soviets began building a huge wall to ___________ East and West Berlin.

• ( East West) Berlin was cut off by land from ( East West) Germany and ( East West) Berlin.

• The Berlin Wall served as physical ________________ of the deep divide between the two sides.

The Arms Race

Complete the boxes to summarize the sequence of events leading to the Cold War arms race.

Atomic Diplomacy

In 1956, the US Secretary of State, John Dulles, announced the policy of __________, the idea that leaders would go to the brink of _ war rather than back down.

Brinksmanship led to the threat of , leading people on both sides to fear the of the world due to nuclear __.

1949

The Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb.

1952 1953 1960s

Both sides had enough nuclear weapons to wipe each other out many times over.

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Although the US and Soviet Union did not indulge in “_______________ wars”

they did provide __ assistance to their who were fighting in regional conflicts. These were known as _ wars.

The Cold War in Asia

The Cold War spread to Asia in 1949 when Mao _ established a government in the People’s _ of _______.

The Korean War

After Japan’s surrender, the gained control of the Korean Peninsula. The United States and Soviet Union agreed to temporarily the country in half at the Parallel.

The Soviets set up a ( communist non-communist) government in ( North South) Korea and the United States supported a ( communist non-communist) government in ( North South) Korea.

Complete the text boxes to summarize the major events of the Korean War.

The Cold War in Southeast Asia

During World War II, Japan took control of much of Southeast Asia, including French Indochina, now called __________. France attempted to regain control of its former _, but rebels resisted, hoping to gain ___________under the leadership of Ho _ ______.

US president Dwight _____ was concerned that more Southeast Asian nations would fall to , a concept that came to be known as the theory.

The United States decided to help the ______, but they were eventually and _ was divided into two sections, with the communists controlling the ( north south) and an regime, supported by the ____in the ( north south).

June 1950 1953

North and South Korea signed a

ceasefire, reestablishing the boundary at the 38^th Parallel.

September 1950 End of 1950

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The Vietnam War

On the map, identify the capitals of Nroth and South Vietnam in the correct boxes.

The End of the Cold War

Life in the Soviet satellites was difficult. By the 1980s political change weakened Soviet control over them.

• The Soviet-supported system, the __________________ economy, was not suited to sustain and rebuild these nations after World War II.

• By the end of the 1980s, the ______________ of the Soviet Union and the fall of the Eastern Bloc was looming.

Aided by North Vietnam, South Vietnamese rebels created the National ____ Front (NLF), also known as the Cong, and fought for

_____ under _ rule.

A large -_movement grew as civilian and military increased. As a result, the United States government _______ out of Vietnam in 1973.

In 1964, the US Congress passed the __ of Resolution, authorizing a bombing campaign of North Vietnam. US president eventually sent _ troops to fight the war.

In 1975, North Vietnamese forces entered ___, South Vietnam’s capital. South Vietnam surrendered and Vietnam unified under a government.

In 1955, the government of South Vietnam was unpopular due to its harsh anti-______________ policies.

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Poland and Czechoslovakia

Poland

• By 1980, Poland’s communist government increased food _________ drastically.

• ___, led by Lech _sought political and economic reform.

• The Polish government ___Solidarity, Walesa, and declared law.

• _____ continued and in _, the government lifted the ban on Solidarity.

• In 1990, ______won the first presidential _ and Poland began transitioning from a nation to a -_____ economy.

Czechoslovakia

• In 1989, ________________protestors were inspired by the

____________ of communist _ in other parts of ________ Europe.

• Students protested in the capital city of _____________, forcing an end to the communist government.

• In December 1989, the people elected Valcav _as .

• This is known as the “____Revolution” due to the and peaceful _ of ___________.

The Reunification of Germany

Compared to ___West Germany, _East Germany’s ____________ was underdeveloped.

The End of the Soviet Union

After the collapse of its satellite states, the Soviet Union also collapsed in along and painful process.

1961

The construction

of Berlin Wall further isolates East

Germany.

October 1990

1987 November

1989 1989

East Germans wanting to

leave stage massive protests.

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Summary

What impact did the Cold War rivaly between the United States and the Soviet Union have on countries in Europe and Asia?

Late 1980s

Soviet _________staged protests. The government lost its grip on the _ and the ______ continued to worsen.

1980s

Mikhail ____ implemented reforms to improve the public_.

• The policy of ______ involved remodeling the country’s and _ systems. The policy allowed multiple _ to run for office and ownership of _______ and businesses.

• _______ was a policy that ensured that actions were clearly known to the _. People started _ the government and _____

began publishing facts about the _ system.

August 1991

Communist Party _____blamed Gorbachev for the approaching _ of the Soviet Union and ordered the military to him. The attempted ________ failed.

December 1991

The Soviet Union ______, officially ending the Cold War. Each of the former Soviet states gained its _. Gorbachev and Boris _ became the first _ of the new _____ Federation.