Dbms Lab Programs

(1)

DDL COMMANDS DDL COMMANDS CREATE COMMAND

CREATE COMMAND:: SQL> create table

SQL> create table sub (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4),sub (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2

2 mark3 mark3 number(4));number(4)); Table created. Table created. DESC COMMAND DESC COMMAND:: SQL> desc sub; SQL> desc sub; Name

Name Null? Null? TypeType --- --- --- --- --- ---NAME VARCHAR2(8) NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(4) ALTER COMMAND: ALTER COMMAND: 1)

1)ADD COMMANDADD COMMAND::

SQL> alter table sub add(total number(6)); SQL> alter table sub add(total number(6)); Table altered.

Table altered. SQL> desc sub; SQL> desc sub;

Name

Name Null? Null? TypeType --- --- --- --- --- ---NAME VARCHAR2(8) NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(4) TOTAL NUMBER(6) TOTAL NUMBER(6) RENAME COMMAND RENAME COMMAND:: SQL> rename sub to subha; SQL> rename sub to subha; Table renamed.

Table renamed. SQL> desc subha; SQL> desc subha;

Name

Name Null? Null? TypeType

--- ---- --- --- --- --- --- ---NAME VARCHAR2(8) NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 MARK2

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2)

2)MODIFY COMMANDMODIFY COMMAND::

SQL> alter table sub modify(mark3 number(6)); SQL> alter table sub modify(mark3 number(6)); Table altered.

Table altered. SQL> desc sub; SQL> desc sub;

Name

Name Null? Null? TypeType --- --- --- --- --- ---NAME VARCHAR2(8) NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(6) MARK3 NUMBER(6) TOTAL NUMBER(4) TOTAL NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(6) MARK3 NUMBER(6) TOTAL NUMBER(6) TOTAL NUMBER(6) TRUNCATE COMMAND TRUNCATE COMMAND:: SQL> truncate table subha; SQL> truncate table subha; Table truncated. Table truncated. SQL> desc sub; SQL> desc sub; ERROR: ERROR:

ORA-04043: object sub does not exist ORA-04043: object sub does not exist

DROP COMMAND DROP COMMAND:: SQL> drop table subha; SQL> drop table subha; Table dropped. Table dropped. SQL> desc subha; SQL> desc subha; ERROR: ERROR:

ORA-04043: object subha does not exist ORA-04043: object subha does not exist

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DQL COMMANDS

SQL> create table

SQL> create table sub (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4),sub (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2

2 mark3 mark3 number(4));number(4)); Table created.

Table created. SQL> insert into

SQL> insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3');); Enter value for name: sachin

Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3')values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('sachin','12','90','90','90')values('sachin','12','90','90','90') 1 row created.

1 row created. SQL> /

SQL> /

Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for age: 22 Enter value for age: 22 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark3: 78 Enter value for mark3: 78 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('sachin','22','90','89','78')values('sachin','22','90','89','78') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: ranjan Enter value for name: ranjan Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for mark1: 89 Enter value for mark1: 89 Enter value for mark2: 78 Enter value for mark2: 78 Enter value for mark3: 80 Enter value for mark3: 80 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('ranjan','21','89','78','80')values('ranjan','21','89','78','80') 1 row created.

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SQL> / SQL> /

Enter value for name: gayathri Enter value for name: gayathri Enter value for age: 12

Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for mark1: 78 Enter value for mark1: 78 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark3: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3')) new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('gayathri','12','78','89','90')values('gayathri','12','78','89','90') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: rajini Enter value for name: rajini Enter value for age: 22 Enter value for age: 22 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 87 Enter value for mark2: 87 Enter value for mark3: 56 Enter value for mark3: 56 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into sub sub values('rajini','22','90','87','56')values('rajini','22','90','87','56') 1 row created. 1 row created.

SELECT COMMAND:

TYPE 1: TYPE 1:

SQL> select * from sub; SQL> select * from sub;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ----sachin sachin 12 12 90 90 90 90 9090 sachin sachin 22 22 90 90 89 89 7878 ranjan ranjan 21 21 89 89 78 78 8080 gayathri gayathri 12 12 78 78 89 89 9090 rajini rajini 22 22 90 90 87 87 5656 TYPE 2: TYPE 2:

SQL> select name,age from sub; SQL> select name,age from sub;

NAME AGE NAME AGE --- --- ---sachin 12 sachin 12 sachin 22 sachin 22 ranjan 21 ranjan 21 gayathri 12 gayathri 12 rajini 22 rajini 22

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TYPE 3: TYPE 3:

SQL> select distinct name from sub; SQL> select distinct name from sub; NAME NAME ---gayathri gayathri rajini rajini ranjan ranjan sachin sachin TYPE 4: TYPE 4:

SQL> select * from sub where mark2=90; SQL> select * from sub where mark2=90;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- ---

--- --- --- --- --- ----sachin

sachin 12 12 90 90 90 90 9090 SQL>

SQL> delete from delete from sub where sub where name='sachin';name='sachin'; 2 rows deleted.

2 rows deleted.

SQL> select * from sub; SQL> select * from sub;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ----ranjan ranjan 21 21 89 89 78 78 8080 gayathri 12 gayathri 12 78 78 89 89 9090 rajini rajini 22 22 90 90 87 87 5656 TYPE 5: TYPE 5:

SQL> select name from sub order by name; SQL> select name from sub order by name; NAME NAME ---gayathri gayathri rajini rajini ranjan ranjan TYPE 6: TYPE 6:

SQL> select name from sub order by name desc; SQL> select name from sub order by name desc; NAME NAME ---ranjan ranjan rajini rajini

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LOGICAL OPERATION LOGICAL OPERATION SQL> select * from sub ;

SQL> select * from sub ;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ----ranjan ranjan 21 21 89 89 78 78 8080 gayathri gayathri 12 12 78 78 89 89 9090 rajini rajini 22 22 90 90 87 87 5656 sachin sachin 12 12 89 89 90 90 7878 ram ram 21 21 90 90 67 67 7878 AND OPERATION: AND OPERATION:

SQL> select * from sub where name='rajini' and age=22; SQL> select * from sub where name='rajini' and age=22;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- ---

--- --- --- --- --- ----rajini

rajini 22 22 90 90 87 87 5656 SQL>

SQL> select * froselect * from sub m sub where name='rajini' and where name='rajini' and age=21;age=21; no rows selected

no rows selected OR OPERATION: OR OPERATION:

SQL> select * from sub where name='ranjan' or age=21; SQL> select * from sub where name='ranjan' or age=21;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---ranjan ranjan 21 21 89 89 78 78 8080 ram ram 21 21 90 90 67 67 7878 NOT OPERATION: NOT OPERATION: SQL>

SQL> select * froselect * from sub m sub where not name='ram'where not name='ram';;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---ranjan ranjan 21 21 89 89 78 78 8080 gayathri gayathri 12 12 78 78 89 89 9090 rajini rajini 22 22 90 90 87 87 5656 sachin sachin 12 12 89 89 90 90 7878

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SET OPERATION

SQL> create table

SQL> create table root (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4),root (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2

2 mark3 mark3 number(5));number(5)); Table created.

SQL> insert into root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3');root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'); Enter value for name: sachin

Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for mark1: 89 Enter value for mark1: 89 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark3: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into root root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3')values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into root root values('sachin','12','89','89','90'values('sachin','12','89','89','90')) 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: kalai Enter value for name: kalai Enter value for age: 20 Enter value for age: 20 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark3: 78 Enter value for mark3: 78 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into root root values('kalai','20','90','90','78')values('kalai','20','90','90','78') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: rani Enter value for name: rani Enter value for age: 18 Enter value for age: 18 Enter value for mark1: 78 Enter value for mark1: 78 Enter value for mark2: 77 Enter value for mark2: 77 Enter value for mark3: 67 Enter value for mark3: 67 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into root root values('rani','18','78','77','67')values('rani','18','78','77','67') 1 row created.

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Enter value for age: 20 Enter value for age: 20 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into root root values('gokul','20','90','90','90')values('gokul','20','90','90','90') 1 row created.

1 row created.

SQL> select * from root; SQL> select * from root;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---sachin sachin 12 12 89 89 89 89 9090 kalai kalai 20 20 90 90 90 90 7878 rani rani 18 18 78 78 77 77 6767 kalam kalam 32 32 90 90 90 90 8989 gokul gokul 20 20 90 90 90 90 9090 SQL> select * from sub;

SQL> select * from sub;

NAME

NAME AGE AGE MARK1 MARK1 MARK2 MARK2 MARK3MARK3 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ----ranjan ranjan 21 21 89 89 78 78 8080 gayathri gayathri 12 12 78 78 89 89 9090 rajini rajini 22 22 90 90 87 87 5656 sachin sachin 12 12 89 89 90 90 7878 ram ram 21 21 90 90 67 67 7878

UNION COMMAND:

SQL> select name,age from sub union select name,age from root; SQL> select name,age from sub union select name,age from root;

NAME AGE NAME AGE --- --- ---gayathri 12 gayathri 12 gokul 20 gokul 20 kalai 20 kalai 20 kalam 32 kalam 32 rajini 22 rajini 22

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Cancel Anytime. gayathri 12 gayathri 12 rajini 22 rajini 22 sachin 12 sachin 12 ram 21 ram 21 sachin 12 sachin 12 kalai 20 kalai 20 rani 18 rani 18 kalam 32 kalam 32 gokul 20 gokul 20 10 rows selected. 10 rows selected.

INTERSECT:

SQL> select name from sub intersect select name from root; SQL> select name from sub intersect select name from root; NAME NAME ---sachin sachin

MINUS:

SQL> select name from sub minus select name from root; SQL> select name from sub minus select name from root; NAME NAME ---gayathri gayathri rajini rajini ram ram ranjan ranjan

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SUB QUERIES

SQL> create table

SQL> create table emp(ename varchar(12),eno number(7),deptno number(2));emp(ename varchar(12),eno number(7),deptno number(2)); Table created.

SQL> insert into emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno');emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno'); Enter value for ename: navee

Enter value for ename: navee Enter value for eno: 1001 Enter value for eno: 1001 Enter value for deptno: 10 Enter value for deptno: 10 old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into emp emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno')values('&ename','&eno','&deptno') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into emp emp values('navee','1001','10')values('navee','1001','10') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for ename: arun Enter value for ename: arun Enter value for eno: 2001 Enter value for eno: 2001 Enter value for deptno: 20 Enter value for deptno: 20 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into emp emp values('arun','2001','20')values('arun','2001','20') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for ename: puneeth Enter value for ename: puneeth Enter value for eno: 3001 Enter value for eno: 3001 Enter value for deptno: 30 Enter value for deptno: 30 old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into emp emp values('puneeth','3001','30')values('puneeth','3001','30') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for ename: gayathri Enter value for ename: gayathri Enter value for eno: 4001

Enter value for eno: 4001 Enter value for deptno: 40 Enter value for deptno: 40 old

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SQL> / SQL> /

Enter value for deptno: 30 Enter value for deptno: 30 Enter value for place: mumbai Enter value for place: mumbai old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into dep1 dep1 values('&deptno','&place')values('&deptno','&place') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into dep1 dep1 values('30','mumbai')values('30','mumbai') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for deptno: 40 Enter value for deptno: 40 Enter value for place: delhi Enter value for place: delhi old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into dep1 dep1 values('&deptno','&place')values('&deptno','&place') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into dep1 dep1 values('40','delhi')values('40','delhi') 1 row created.

1 row created.

SQL> select * from emp; SQL> select * from emp; ENAME

ENAME ENO ENO DEPTNODEPTNO --- --- --- --- ---navee navee 1001 1001 1010 arun arun 2001 2001 2020 puneeth puneeth 3001 3001 3030 gayathri gayathri 4001 4001 4040 SQL> select * from dep1; SQL> select * from dep1;

DEPTNO PLACE DEPTNO PLACE --- --- ---20 chennai 20 chennai 30 mumbai 30 mumbai 40 delhi 40 delhi

IN COMMAND:

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno in(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno in(select deptno from dep1);

ENAME ENO ENAME ENO -- -- ---arun 2001 arun 2001 puneeth 3001 puneeth 3001

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SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno < all(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno < all(select deptno from dep1);

ENAME ENO ENAME ENO --- --- ---navee 1001 navee 1001

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno>= all(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno>= all(select deptno from dep1);

ENAME ENO ENAME ENO --- --- ---gayathri 4001 gayathri 4001

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno <= all(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno <= all(select deptno from dep1);

ENAME ENO ENAME ENO --- --- ---navee 1001 navee 1001 arun 2001 arun 2001 SQL>

SQL> select ename,eno from select ename,eno from emp where deptno=all(select demp where deptno=all(select deptno from dep1);eptno from dep1); no rows selected

no rows selected

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno<> all(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno<> all(select deptno from dep1);

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Cancel Anytime. ENAME ENO ENAME ENO --- --- ---arun 2001 arun 2001 puneeth 3001 puneeth 3001 gayathri 4001 gayathri 4001

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno=any(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno=any(select deptno from dep1);

ENAME ENO ENAME ENO --- --- ---arun 2001 arun 2001 puneeth 3001 puneeth 3001 gayathri 4001 gayathri 4001

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno<>any(select deptno from dep1); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno<>any(select deptno from dep1);

ENAME ENO ENAME ENO --- --- ---navee 1001 navee 1001 arun 2001 arun 2001 puneeth 3001 puneeth 3001 gayathri 4001 gayathri 4001

EXISTS COMMAND

EXISTS COMMAND::

SQL> select ename,eno from emp where exists(select deptno from dep); SQL> select ename,eno from emp where exists(select deptno from dep);

(26)

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Cancel Anytime. CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINTS NOT NULL: NOT NULL: SQL> create table

SQL> create table cool1(name char(15),reg number not null,age number,place char(12));cool1(name char(15),reg number not null,age number,place char(12)); Table created.

SQL> insert into cool1 values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place');cool1 values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: ram

Enter value for name: ram Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: delhi Enter value for place: delhi old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into cool1 cool1 values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place')values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool1 cool1 values('ram',1001,21,'delhi')values('ram',1001,21,'delhi') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: krish Enter value for name: krish Enter value for reg: null Enter value for reg: null Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: thane Enter value for place: thane old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool1 cool1 values('krish',null,21,'thane')values('krish',null,21,'thane') insert into cool1 values('krish',null,21,'thane')

insert into cool1 values('krish',null,21,'thane') *

*

ERROR at line 1: ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."COOL1"."REG") ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."COOL1"."REG")

(28)

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1 row created. 1 row created. SQL> /

SQL> /

Enter value for name: kannan Enter value for name: kannan Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: delhi Enter value for place: delhi old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool2 cool2 values('kannan',1001,21values('kannan',1001,21,'delhi'),'delhi') insert into cool2 values('kannan',1001,21,'delhi')

insert into cool2 values('kannan',1001,21,'delhi') *

*

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.GG) violated ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.GG) violated

SQL> select * from cool2; SQL> select * from cool2;

NAME

NAME REG REG AGE AGE PLACEPLACE --- -- -- --- -- -- --- praveen

praveen 1001 1001 21 21 dehradundehradun SQL> insert into

SQL> insert into cool2 values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place');cool2 values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: subha

Enter value for name: subha Enter value for reg: null Enter value for reg: null Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21

Enter value for place: guwahati Enter value for place: guwahati old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool2 cool2 values('subha',null,21,'guwahati')values('subha',null,21,'guwahati') 1 row created.

(30)

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SQL>

SQL> insert ininsert into cool2 to cool2 values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place');values('&name',&reg,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: ravish

Enter value for name: ravish Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21

Enter value for place: hungary Enter value for place: hungary old

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool2 cool2 values('ravish',1001,21,'hungavalues('ravish',1001,21,'hungary')ry') 1 row created.

1 row created.

NAME

NAME REG REG AGE AGE PLACEPLACE --- -- --

--- -- -- --- praveen

praveen 1001 1001 21 21 dehradundehradun subha

subha 21 21 guwahatiguwahati ravish

ravish 1001 1001 21 21 hungaryhungary CHECK:

CHECK:

SQL> create table

SQL> create table cool3(name char(15),regno number,age number,place char(14),check cool3(name char(15),regno number,age number,place char(14),check 2

2 (place (place in('chennai','mumbai','delhi')));in('chennai','mumbai','delhi'))); Table created.

SQL> insert into cool3 values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place');cool3 values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: gayathri

Enter value for name: gayathri Enter value for regno: 1002 Enter value for regno: 1002 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for age: 21

(32)

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DEFAULT: DEFAULT: SQL>

SQL> create table cool5(name chcreate table cool5(name char(14),reg number,age ar(14),reg number,age number primary key,number primary key, 2

2 place chplace char(13) ar(13) default('kashmir'));default('kashmir')); Table created.

Table created.

SQL> insert into

SQL> insert into cool5(name,reg,age) values ('jamuna',1006,23);cool5(name,reg,age) values ('jamuna',1006,23); 1 row created.

1 row created.

NAME

NAME REG REG AGE AGE PLACEPLACE - --- ---

- --- ---

--- jamuna

(34)

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old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into cool4 cool4 values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place')values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool4 cool4 values('ganesh',1005,nuvalues('ganesh',1005,null,'panipet')ll,'panipet') insert into cool4 values('ganesh',1005,null,'panipet')

insert into cool4 values('ganesh',1005,null,'panipet') *

*

ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."COOL4"."AGE") ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."COOL4"."AGE") SQL> create table

SQL> create table cool6(name char(14),reg number,age number,place char(13),primarycool6(name char(14),reg number,age number,place char(13),primary key(name,age));

key(name,age)); Table created. Table created. SQL> insert into

SQL> insert into cool6 values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place');cool6 values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: guna

Enter value for name: guna Enter value for regno: 1004 Enter value for regno: 1004 Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for place: pune Enter value for place: pune old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into cool6 cool6 values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place')values('&name',&regno,&age,'&place') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into cool6 cool6 values('guna',1004,12,'punvalues('guna',1004,12,'pune')e') 1 row created.

(36)

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SQL> create table

SQL> create table ch_cool(name char(12),des char(9) references par_cool(des));ch_cool(name char(12),des char(9) references par_cool(des)); Table created.

Table created. SQL> > insert

SQL> > insert into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des');into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des');

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "> insert i..." - rest of line ignored. SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "> insert i..." - rest of line ignored. SQL> insert into

SQL> insert into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des');par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des'); Enter value for name: arun

Enter value for name: arun Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for des: MD Enter value for des: MD old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into par_cool par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des')values('&name',&age,'&des') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into par_cool par_cool values('arun',12,'MD')values('arun',12,'MD') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: kumar Enter value for name: kumar Enter value for age: 13

Enter value for age: 13 Enter value for des: GM Enter value for des: GM old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into par_cool par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des')values('&name',&age,'&des') new

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Enter value for name: ranjan Enter value for name: ranjan Enter value for des: GM Enter value for des: GM old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into ch_cool ch_cool values('&name','&des')values('&name','&des') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into ch_cool ch_cool values('ranjan','GM')values('ranjan','GM') 1 row created.

SQL> /

Enter value for name: kannan Enter value for name: kannan Enter value for des: steno Enter value for des: steno old

old 1: 1: insert insert into into ch_cool ch_cool values('&name','&des')values('&name','&des') new

new 1: 1: insert insert into into ch_cool ch_cool values('kannan','steno')values('kannan','steno') insert into ch_cool values('kannan','steno')

insert into ch_cool values('kannan','steno') *

*

ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C004287) violated -

ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C004287) violated - parent key notparent key not found

found

SQL> select * from par_cool; SQL> select * from par_cool;

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SQL> select * from ch_cool; SQL> select * from ch_cool;

NAME DES NAME DES --- --- ---ranjan GM ranjan GM

NAME

NAME AGE AGE DESDES --- - --- - ---arun arun 12 12 MDMD kumar kumar 13 13 GMGM

SQL> delete from par_cool where des='MD'; SQL> delete from par_cool where des='MD'; 1 row deleted.

1 row deleted.

(42)

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DML & DCL COMMANDS DML & DCL COMMANDS SQL>

SQL> create table sub (ncreate table sub (name varchar(8),age numbame varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 er(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4),number(4), 2

2 mark3 mark3 number(4));number(4)); Table created. Table created. INSERT COMMAND: INSERT COMMAND: TYPE 1: TYPE 1: SQL> insert into

(44)

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