STORM DRAINAGE CHAPTER 11

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STORM DRAINAGE

SECTION 1101

GENERAL

1101.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the materials, design, construction and installation of storm drainage.

1101.2 Where required. All roofs, paved areas, yards, courts and courtyards shall drain into a separate storm sewer system or a combined sewer system, or to an approved place of dis-posal.

Exception: When approved, storm water is permitted to be discharged from roofs, paved areas, yards, courts, courtyards, downspouts, rain barrels, cisterns or rooftop storage facilities to vegetated areas such as lawns, gardens, grassy swales or bio-retention cells on the same lot. In such instances, the storm water shall flow away from the building and shall not flow across property lines onto adja-cent lots unless it discharges into an approved shared best management practice as defined in 21 DCMR Chapter 5. 1101.3 Prohibited drainage. Storm water shall not be drained into sewers intended for sewage only.

1101.4 Tests. The conductors and the building storm drain shall be tested in accordance with Section 312.

1101.5 Change in size. The size of a drainage pipe shall not be reduced in the direction of flow.

1101.6 Fittings and connections. All connections and changes in direction of the storm drainage system shall be made with approved drainage-type fittings in accordance with Table 706.3. The fittings shall not obstruct or retard flow in the system.

1101.7 Roof design. Roofs shall be designed for the maxi-mum possible depth of water that will pond thereon as deter-mined by the relative levels of roof deck and overflow weirs, scuppers, edges or serviceable drains in combination with the deflected structural elements. In determining the maximum possible depth of water, all primary roof drainage means shall be assumed to be blocked.

1101.8 Cleanouts required. Cleanouts shall be installed in the storm drainage system and shall comply with the provi-sions of this code for sanitary drainage pipe cleanouts.

Exception: Subsurface drainage system.

1101.9 Backwater valves. Storm drainage systems shall be provided with backwater valves as required for sanitary drainage systems in accordance with Section 715.

SECTION 1102 MATERIALS

1102.1 General. The materials and methods utilized for the construction and installation of storm drainage systems shall comply with this section and the applicable provisions of Chapter 7.

1102.2 Inside storm drainage conductors. Inside storm drainage conductors installed above ground shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.1.

1102.3 Underground building storm drain pipe. Under-ground building storm drain pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 702.2.

1102.4 Building storm sewer pipe. Building storm sewer pipe shall conform to one of the standards listed in Table 1102.4.

TABLE 1102.4 BUILDING STORM SEWER PIPE

MATERIAL STANDARD

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic pipe

ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 2751; ASTM F 628; CSA B181.1; CSA B182.1

Asbestos-cement pipe ASTM C 428

Cast-iron pipe ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301

Concrete pipe ASTM C 14; ASTM C 76; CSA A257.1M; CSA A257.2M Copper or copper-alloy

tubing (Type K, L, M or DWV)

ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88; ASTM B 251; ASTM B 306 Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe ASTM F 2306/F 2306M Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

plastic pipe (Type DWV, SDR26, SDR35, SDR41, PS50 or PS100)

ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3034; ASTM F 891; CSA B182.4; CSA B181.2; CSA B182.2 Vitrified clay pipe ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700 Stainless steel drainage

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1102.5 Subsoil drain pipe. Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed, horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming to one of the standards listed in Table 1102.5.

TABLE 1102.5 SUBSOIL DRAIN PIPE

1102.6 Roof Drains. Roof drains shall conform to ASME A112.6.4 or ASME A112.3.1.

1102.7 Fittings. Pipe fittings shall be approved for installa-tion with the piping material installed, and shall conform to the respective pipe standards or one of the standards listed in Table 1102.7. The fittings shall not have ledges, shoulders or reductions capable of retarding or obstructing flow in the pip-ing. Threaded drainage pipe fittings shall be of the recessed drainage type.

TABLE 1102.7 PIPE FITTING

SECTION 1103 TRAPS

1103.1 Main trap. Leaders and storm drains connected to a combined sewer shall be trapped. Individual storm water traps shall be installed on the storm water drain branch serv-ing each conductor, or a sserv-ingle trap shall be installed in the main storm drain just before its connection with the com-bined building sewer or the public sewer.

1103.2 Material. Storm water traps shall be of the same material as the piping system to which they are attached. 1103.3 Size. Traps for individual conductors shall be the same size as the horizontal drain to which they are connected. 1103.4 Cleanout. An accessible cleanout shall be installed on the building side of the trap.

SECTION 1104

CONDUCTORS AND CONNECTIONS

1104.1 Prohibited use. Conductor pipes shall not be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, and soil, waste or vent pipes shall not be used as conductors.

1104.2 Combining storm with sanitary drainage. The sani-tary and storm drainage systems of a structure shall be entirely separate except where the structure is served by a combined public sewer system. The storm building drain and the sanitary building drain shall remain separate through the exterior walls of the building. Where a combined public

sewer is utilized, the building storm drain shall be connected

in the same horizontal plane through a single-wye fitting to the combined sewer, not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) down-stream from any soil stack, and downdown-stream of any backwater valve. Where the connection is in public space or when the size of either drain is 8 inches in diameter or larger, the com-bination shall be made with a manhole in lieu of a single-wye. 1104.3 Floor drains. Floor drains shall not be connected to a

storm drain.

SECTION 1105 ROOF DRAINS

1105.1 General. Roof drains shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The inside opening for

Asbestos-cement pipe ASTM C 508

Cast-iron pipe ASTM A 74; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301

Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe ASTM F 405; CSA B182.1; CSA B182.6; CSA B182.8 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Plastic pipe (type sewer pipe, PS25, PS50 or PS100)

ASTM D 2729; ASTM F 891; CSA B182.2; CSA B182.4 Stainless steel drainage systems,

Type 316L ASME A 112.3.1 Vitrified clay pipe ASTM C 4; ASTM C 700

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic

ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311; CSA B181.1 Cast-iron ASME B16.4; ASME B16.12; ASTM A 888; CISPI 301; ASTM A 74

Coextruded composite ABS and drain DR-PS in PS35, PS50, PS100, PS140, PS200

ASTM D 2751

Coextruded composite ABS DWV Schedule 40 IPS pipe (solid or cellular core)

ASTM D 2661; ASTM D 3311; ASTM F 628 Coextruded composite PVC DWV Schedule 40 IPS-DR, PS140, PS200 (solid or cellular core) ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311; ASTM F 891 Coextruded composite PVC sewer and drain DR-PS in PS35, PS50, PS100, PS140, PS200

ASTM D 3034

Copper or copper alloy

ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18; ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23; ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29 Gray iron and ductile iron AWWA C110/A21.10

TABLE 1102.7—continued PIPE FITTING

Polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe ASTM F 2306/F 2306M Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

plastic

ASTM D 2665; ASTM D 3311; ASTM F 1866

Steel ASME B16.9; ASME B16.11;

ASME B16.28 Stainless steel drainage

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For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.

Source: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington D.C.

FIGURE 1106.1

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FIGURE 1106.1—continued

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Fo r SI : 1 i n ch = 2 5 .4 m m . Sour ce : N at iona l W ea th er Se rv ic e, N at io n al O ce an ic an d A tm o sp her ic A d m in ist rat io n , W as hi ngt on D .C. F IG URE 1106. 1 — co n ti n u e d 100-Y E AR, 1-HOUR R A IN F A L L (INCHE S ) HAW AI I

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TABLE 1106.2(1)

SIZE OF CIRCULAR VERTICAL CONDUCTORS AND LEADERS

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2_.

a. Sizes indicated are the diameter of circular piping. This table is applicable to piping of other shapes, provided the cross-sectional shape fully encloses a circle of the diameter indicated in this table. For rectangular leaders, see Table 1106.2(2). Interpolation is permitted for pipe sizes that fall between those listed in this table.

DIAMETER OF LEADER (inches)a

HORIZONTALLY PROJECTED ROOF AREA (square feet) Rainfall rate (inches per hour)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 2,880 1,440 960 720 575 480 410 360 320 290 260 240 3 8,800 4,400 2,930 2,200 1,760 1,470 1,260 1,100 980 880 800 730 4 18,400 9,200 6,130 4,600 3,680 3,070 2,630 2,300 2,045 1,840 1,675 1,530 5 34,600 17,300 11,530 8,650 6,920 5,765 4,945 4,325 3,845 3,460 3,145 2,880 6 54,000 27,000 17,995 13,500 10,800 9,000 7,715 6,750 6,000 5,400 4,910 4,500 8 116,000 58,000 38,660 29,000 23,200 19,315 16,570 14,500 12,890 11,600 10,545 9,600

1105.2 Roof drain flashings. The connection between roofs and roof drains which pass through the roof and into the inte-rior of the building shall be made water-tight by the use of

approved flashing material.

SECTION 1106

SIZE OF CONDUCTORS, LEADERS AND STORM DRAINS

1106.1 General. The size of the vertical conductors and lead-ers, building storm drains, building storm sewlead-ers, and any horizontal branches of such drains or sewers shall be based on the 100-year hourly rainfall rate indicated in Figure 1106.1 or on other rainfall rates determined from approved local weather data.

1106.2 Vertical conductors and leaders. Vertical conduc-tors and leaders shall be sized for the maximum projected roof area, in accordance with Table 1106.2(1) and Table 1106.2(2).

1106.3 Building storm drains and sewers. The size of the building storm drain, building storm sewer and their horizon-tal branches having a slope of one-half unit or less vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope) shall be based on the maximum projected roof area in accordance with Table 1106.3. The slope of horizontal branches shall be not less

than one-eighth unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope) unless otherwise approved.

1106.4 Vertical walls. In sizing roof drains and storm drain-age piping, one-half of the area of any vertical wall that diverts rainwater to the roof shall be added to the projected roof area for inclusion in calculating the required size of ver-tical conductors, leaders and horizontal storm drainage pip-ing.

1106.5 Parapet wall scupper location. Parapet wall roof drainage scupper and overflow scupper location shall comply with the requirements of Section 1503.4 of the Building

Code.

1106.6 Size of roof gutters. The size of semicircular gutters shall be based on the maximum projected roof area in accor-dance with Table 1106.6.

SECTION 1107

SIPHONIC ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 1107.1 General. Siphonic roof drains and drainage systems shall be designed in accordance with ASME A112.6.9 and ASPE 45.

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TABLE 1106.3

SIZE OF HORIZONTAL STORM DRAINGE PIPING

SIZE OF HORIZONTAL

PIPING (inches)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1_/

8 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 15 3,288 7,520 13,360 21,400 46,000 82,800 133,200 218,000 1,644 3,760 6,680 10,700 23,000 41,400 66,600 109,000 1,096 2,506 4,453 7,133 15,330 27,600 44,400 72,800 822 1,800 3,340 5,350 11,500 20,700 33,300 59,500 657 1,504 2,672 4,280 9,200 16,580 26,650 47,600 548 1,253 2,227 3,566 7,600 13,800 22,200 39,650 1_/

4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 15 4,640 10,600 18,880 30,200 65,200 116,800 188,000 336,000 2,320 5,300 9,440 15,100 32,600 58,400 94,000 168,000 1,546 3,533 6,293 10,066 21,733 38,950 62,600 112,000 1,160 2,650 4,720 7,550 16,300 29,200 47,000 84,000 928 2,120 3,776 6,040 13,040 23,350 37,600 67,250 773 1,766 3,146 5,033 10,866 19,450 31,350 56,000 1_/

2 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 15 6,576 15,040 26,720 42,800 92,000 171,600 266,400 476,000 3,288 7,520 13,360 21,400 46,000 85,800 133,200 238,000 2,295 5,010 8,900 13,700 30,650 55,200 88,800 158,800 1,644 3,760 6,680 10,700 23,000 41,400 66,600 119,000 1,310 3,010 5,320 8,580 18,400 33,150 53,200 95,300 1,096 2,500 4,450 7,140 15,320 27,600 44,400 79,250 TABLE 1106.2(2)

SIZE OF RECTANGULAR VERTICAL CONDUCTORS AND LEADERS

a. Sizes indicated are nominal width × length of the opening for rectangular piping.

b. For shapes not included in this table, Equation 11-1 shall be used to determine the equivalent circular diameter, De, of rectangular piping for use in

interpolation using the data from Table 1106.2(1).

D_e = [width × length]1/2_{(Equation 11-1)}

where:

D_e = equivalent circular diameter and D_e, width and length are in inches.

DIMENSIONS OF COMMON LEADER SIZES

width x length (inches)a, b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13_/ 4 × 2 1_/ 2 3,410 1,700 1,130 850 680 560 480 420 370 340 310 280 2 × 3 5,540 2,770 1,840 1,380 1,100 920 790 690 610 550 500 460 23_/ 4 × 4 1_/ 4 12,830 6,410 4,270 3,200 2,560 2,130 1,830 1,600 1,420 1,280 1,160 1,060 3 × 4 13,210 6,600 4,400 3,300 2,640 2,200 1,880 1,650 1,460 1,320 1,200 1,100 31 /2 × 4 15,900 7,950 5,300 3,970 3,180 2,650 2,270 1,980 1,760 1,590 1,440 1,320 31_/ 2 × 5 21,310 10,650 7,100 5,320 4,260 3,550 3,040 2,660 2,360 2,130 1,930 1,770 33_/ 4 × 4 3_/ 4 21,960 10,980 7,320 5,490 4,390 3,660 3,130 2,740 2,440 2,190 1,990 1,830 33 /4 × 5 1 /4 25,520 12,760 8,500 6,380 5,100 4,250 3,640 3,190 2,830 2,550 2,320 2,120 31_/ 2 × 6 27,790 13,890 9,260 6,940 5,550 4,630 3,970 3,470 3,080 2,770 2,520 2,310 4 × 6 32,980 16,490 10,990 8,240 6,590 5,490 4,710 4,120 3,660 3,290 2,990 2,740 51 /2 × 5 1 /2 44,300 22,150 14,760 11,070 8,860 7,380 6,320 5,530 4,920 4,430 4,020 3,690 71_/ 2 × 7 1_/ 2 100,500 50,250 33,500 25,120 20,100 16,750 14,350 12,560 11,160 10,050 9,130 8,370

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TABLE 1106.6

SIZE OF SEMICIRCULAR ROOF GUTTERS

DIAMETER OF GUTTERS

(inches)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1_/

16 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (0.5-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 680 1,440 2,500 3,840 5,520 7,960 14,400 340 720 1,250 1,920 2,760 3,980 7,200 226 480 834 1,280 1,840 2,655 4,800 170 360 625 960 1,380 1,990 3,600 136 288 500 768 1,100 1,590 2,880 113 240 416 640 918 1,325 2,400 1_/

8 unit vertical 12 units horizontal (1-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 960 2,040 3,520 5,440 7,800 11,200 20,400 480 1,020 1,760 2,720 3,900 5,600 10,200 320 681 1,172 1,815 2,600 3,740 6,800 240 510 880 1,360 1,950 2,800 5,100 192 408 704 1,085 1,560 2,240 4,080 160 340 587 905 1,300 1,870 3,400 1_/

4 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 1,360 2,880 5,000 7,680 11,040 15,920 28,800 680 1,440 2,500 3,840 5,520 7,960 14,400 454 960 1,668 2,560 3,860 5,310 9,600 340 720 1,250 1,920 2,760 3,980 7,200 272 576 1,000 1,536 2,205 3,180 5,750 226 480 834 1,280 1,840 2,655 4,800 1_/

2 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (4-percent slope) 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 1,920 4,080 7,080 11,080 15,600 22,400 40,000 960 2,040 3,540 5,540 7,800 11,200 20,000 640 1,360 2,360 3,695 5,200 7,460 13,330 480 1,020 1,770 2,770 3,900 5,600 10,000 384 816 1,415 2,220 3,120 4,480 8,000 320 680 1,180 1,850 2,600 3,730 6,660 SECTION 1108

SECONDARY (EMERGENCY) ROOF DRAINS 1108.1 Secondary (emergency overflow) drains or scup-pers. Where roof drains are required, secondary (emergency overflow) roof drains or scuppers shall be provided where the roof perimeter construction extends above the roof in such a manner that water will be entrapped if the primary drains allow buildup for any reason.

1108.2 Separate systems required. Secondary roof drain systems shall have the end point of discharge separate from the primary system. Discharge shall be above grade, in a location that would normally be observed by the building occupants or maintenance personnel.

1108.3 Sizing of secondary drains. Secondary (emergency) roof drain systems shall be sized in accordance with Section 1106 based on the rainfall rate for which the primary system is sized in Tables 1106.2(1), 1106.2(2), 1106.3 and 1106.6.

mined by Section 1101.7. Scuppers shall have an opening dimension of not less than 4 inches (102 mm). The flow through the primary system shall not be considered when siz-ing the secondary roof drain system.

SECTION 1109

COMBINED SANITARY AND STORM SYSTEM 1109.1 Size of combined drains and sewers. The size of a combination sanitary and storm drain or sewer shall be com-puted in accordance with the method in Section 1106.3. The fixture units shall be converted into an equivalent projected roof or paved area. Where the total fixture load on the com-bined drain is less than or equal to 256 fixture units, the equivalent drainage area in horizontal projection shall be taken as 4,000 square feet (372 m2_{). Where the total fixture} load exceeds 256 fixture units, each additional fixture unit shall be considered the equivalent of 15.6 square feet (1.5 m2₎

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SECTION 1110

VALUES FOR CONTINUOUS FLOW

1110.1 Equivalent roof area. Where there is a continuous or semicontinuous discharge into the building storm drain or building storm sewer, such as from a pump, ejector, air condi-tioning plant or similar device, each gallon per minute (L/m) of such discharge shall be computed as being equivalent to 96 square feet (9 m2

) of roof area, based on a rainfall rate of 1 inch (25.4 mm) per hour.

SECTION 1111

CONTROLLED FLOW ROOF DRAIN SYSTEMS 1111.1 General. The roof of a structure shall be designed for the storage of water where the storm drainage system is engi-neered for controlled flow. The controlled flow roof drain system shall be an engineered system in accordance with this section and the design, submittal, approval, inspection and testing requirements of Section 105.4. The controlled flow system shall be designed based on the required rainfall rate in accordance with Section 1106.1.

1111.2 Control devices. The control devices shall be installed so that the rate of discharge of water per minute shall not exceed the values for continuous flow as indicated in Section 1110.1.

1111.3 Installation. Runoff control shall be by control devices. Control devices shall be protected by strainers. 1111.4 Minimum number of roof drains. Not less than two roof drains shall be installed in roof areas 10,000 square feet (929 m2

) or less and not less than four roof drains shall be installed in roofs over 10,000 square feet (929 m2

) in area.

SECTION 1112 SUBSOIL DRAINS

1112.1 Subsoil drains. Subsoil drains shall be open-jointed, horizontally split or perforated pipe conforming to one of the standards listed in Table 1102.5. Such drains shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter. Where the building is subject to backwater, the subsoil drain shall be protected by an accessibly located backwater valve. Subsoil drains shall discharge to a trapped area drain, sump, dry well or approved location above ground. The subsoil sump shall not be required to have either a gas-tight cover or a vent. The sump and pumping system shall comply with Section 1114.1.

SECTION 1113 BUILDING SUBDRAINS

1113.1 Building subdrains. Building subdrains located below the public sewer level shall discharge into a sump or receiving tank, the contents of which shall be automatically lifted and discharged into the drainage system as required for building sumps. The sump and pumping equipment shall comply with Section 1114.1.

SECTION 1114

SUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS

1114.1 Pumping system. The sump pump, pit and discharge piping shall conform to Sections 1114.1.1 through 1114.1.4.

1114.1.1 Pump capacity and head. The sump pump shall be of a capacity and head appropriate to anticipated use requirements.

1114.1.2 Sump pit. The sump pit shall not be less than 18 inches (457 mm) in diameter and not less than 24 inches (610 mm) in depth, unless otherwise approved. The pit shall be accessible and located such that all drainage flows into the pit by gravity. The sump pit shall be constructed of tile, steel, plastic, cast-iron, concrete or other approved material, with a removable cover adequate to support anticipated loads in the area of use. The pit floor shall be solid and provide permanent support for the pump. 1114.1.3 Electrical. Electrical service outlets, when required, shall meet the requirements of NFPA 70. 1114.1.4 Piping. Discharge piping shall meet the require-ments of Section 1102.2, 1102.3 or 1102.4 and shall include a gate valve and a full flow check valve. Pipe and fittings shall be the same size as, or larger than, pump dis-charge tapping.

Exception: In one- and two-family dwellings, only a check valve shall be required, located on the discharge piping from the pump or ejector.

SECTION 1115

RAINWATER COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

1115.1 Scope. The provisions of this section shall govern the construction, installation, alteration and repair of rainwater collection and conveyance systems. Water collected in rain-water collection systems shall not be used as drinking rain-water or for any other potable water application.

1115.2 Potable water connections. Where a potable system is connected to a rainwater collection and conveyance sys-tem, the potable water supply shall be protected against back-flow by an approved air gap fitting in accordance with Section 608.13.1.

1115.3 Nonpotable water connections. Nonpotable water from any source other than roof drainage, other storm drain-age or condensate water where approved shall not be com-bined in a rainwater collection and distribution system. 1115.4 Installation. Except as provided for in this section, all systems shall be installed in compliance with the provisions of the Plumbing Code and the manufacturer’s instructions. 1115.5 Rainwater collected for landscape irrigation. Rain-water collected on the surface of the building site, or from the roof surfaces of the building, and used for landscape irriga-tion purposes shall not be limited regarding the method of application. Rainwater collected from elevated building loca-tions that is to be used in building site irrigation shall comply with the provisions of Section 1115 with the exception of Sections 1115.11.1 and 1115.11.7.3.

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1115.6 Approved components and materials. Piping, plumbing components, and materials used in the collection and conveyance systems shall be manufactured of material

approved for the intended application and compatible with

any disinfection and treatment systems used.

1115.7 Insect and vermin control. Inlets and vents to the system shall be protected to prevent the entrance of insects and vermin into storage tanks and piping systems. Screens installed on vent pipes, inlets, and overflow pipes shall have an aperture of not greater than 1

/16 inch (1.6 mm) and shall be close fitting. Screen materials shall be compatible with con-tacting system components and shall not accelerate corrosion of system components.

1115.8 Drainage. Water drained from the roof washer or debris excluder shall not be drained to the sanitary sewer. Such water shall be diverted from the storage tank and dis-charged in a location that will not cause erosion or damage to property. Roof washers and debris excluders shall be pro-vided with an automatic means of self-draining between rain events, and shall not drain onto roof surfaces.

1115.9 Freeze protection. Where sustained freezing temper-atures occur, provisions shall be made to keep storage tanks and the related piping from freezing.

1115.10 Trenching requirements. All collection and distri-bution piping containing rainwater shall be separated from the building sewer as required in Section 603.2 for water ser-vice piping.

Exception: Irrigation piping located outside of a building and downstream of the backflow preventer is not required to meet the trenching requirements where rainwater is used for outdoor applications.

1115.11 Rainwater catchment and collection systems. The design of rainwater collection and conveyance systems shall conform to accepted engineering practice.

1115.11.1 Collection surface. Rainwater shall be col-lected only from above-ground impervious roofing sur-faces constructed from approved materials. Collection of water from vehicular parking, pedestrian, or other surfaces shall be prohibited except where the water is used exclu-sively for landscape irrigation or where water quality treat-ment measures that are adequate for the end use have been approved. Overflow and bleed-off pipes from roof-mounted appliances including but not limited to evapora-tive coolers, water heaters and solar water heaters shall not discharge onto rainwater collection surfaces.

1115.11.2 Debris excluders. Downspouts and leaders shall be connected to a roof washer and shall be equipped with a debris excluder or equivalent device to prevent the contamination of collected rainwater with leaves, sticks, pine needles and similar material. Debris excluders and equivalent devices shall be self-cleaning.

1115.11.3 Roof gutters and downspouts. Gutters and downspouts shall be constructed of materials that are com-patible with the collection surface and the rainwater qual-ity for the desired end use. Joints shall be watertight.

lection inlets. Gutters and downspouts shall have a slope of not less than 1 unit in 96 units along their entire length and shall not permit the collection or pool-ing of water at any point.

Exception: Siphonic drainage systems installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions shall not be required to have slope. 1115.11.3.2 Size. Gutters and downspouts shall be installed and sized in accordance with Section 1106.6. 1115.11.3.3 Cleanouts. Cleanouts shall be provided in the water conveyance system so as to allow access to all filters, flushes, pipes and downspouts.

1115.11.4 Collection pipe materials. In buildings where rainwater collection and conveyance systems are installed, draining piping approved for use within plumbing drain-ing systems shall be utilized to collect rainwater and con-vey it to the storage tank.Vent piping approved for use within plumbing venting systems shall be utilized for all vents within the rainwater system. Drains to a stormwater discharge shall use approved waste piping.

1115.11.4.1 Joints. Collection piping conveying rain-water shall utilize joints approved for use with the dis-tribution piping and appropriate for the intended applications as specified in the Plumbing Code. 1115.11.4.2 Size. Collection piping conveying rainwa-ter from collection surfaces shall be sized in accordance with Chapter 11 of the Plumbing Code and local rain-fall rates.

1115.11.4.3 Marking. Additional marking of rainwater collection piping shall not be required beyond that required for sanitary drainage, waste and vent piping by the Plumbing Code.

1115.11.5 Filtration. Collected rainwater shall be filtered to the level required for the intended end use. Filters shall be accessible for inspection and maintenance.

1115.11.6 Disinfection. Where the intended application and initial quality of the collected rainwater requires disin-fection or other treatment, or both, the collected rainwater shall be treated as needed to ensure that the required water quality is delivered at the point of use. Where chlorine is used for disinfection or treatment, water shall be tested for residual chlorine in accordance with ASTM D 1253. The levels of residual chlorine shall not exceed the levels allowed for the intended use in accordance with the requirements of the District of Columbia.

1115.11.7 Storage tank. The design of the storage tank shall be in accordance with Sections 1115.11.7.1 through 1115.11.7.10.

1115.11.7.1 Location. Storage tanks shall be installed either above or below grade. Above-grade storage tanks shall be protected from direct sunlight and shall be con-structed using opaque, UV-resistant materials includ-ing, but not limited to, heavily tinted plastic, fiberglass,

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crawlspaces or sheds. Storage tanks and their manholes shall not be located directly under any soil or waste pip-ing or any source of contamination. Rainwater storage tanks shall be located with a minimum horizontal dis-tance between various elements as indicated in Table 1115.11.7.1.

TABLE 1115.11.7.1

LOCATION OF RAINWATER STORAGE TANKS

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

1115.11.7.2 Materials. Where water is collected onsite, it shall be collected in an approved tank con-structed of durable, nonabsorbent and corrosion-resis-tant materials. Storage vessels shall be compatible with the material being stored. Storage tanks shall be con-structed of materials compatible with the type of disin-fection system used to treat water upstream of the tank and used to maintain water quality within the tank.

1115.11.7.2.1 Wooden tanks. Wooden storage tanks shall not be required to have a liner. Where unlined tanks are used, the species of wood shall be decay resistant and untreated.

1115.11.7.3 Makeup water. Where an uninterrupted supply is required for the intended application, potable water shall be provided as a source of make-up water for the storage tank. The potable water supply shall be protected against backflow by an approved air gap fit-ting in accordance with Section 608.13.1.

1115.11.7.4 Overflow. The storage tank shall be equipped with an overflow pipe having the same or larger area as the sum of the areas of all tank inlet pipes. The overflow pipe shall be protected from insects or vermin, and the discharge from such pipe shall be disposed of in a manner consistent with storm-water runoff requirements of the District of Columbia. The overflow pipe shall discharge at a sufficient dis-tance from the tank to avoid damaging the tank founda-tion or the adjacent property. The overflow drain shall not be equipped with a shutoff valve. A minimum of one cleanout shall be provided on each overflow pipe in accordance with Section 708.

1115.11.7.5 Access. A minimum of one access opening shall be provided to allow inspection and cleaning of the tank interior. Access openings to storage tanks and other vessels shall have an approved locking device or shall otherwise be protected from unauthorized access. Below-grade storage tanks located outside of the build-ing shall be provided with either a manhole not less than 24 inches (610 mm) square or a manhole with an inside diameter of not less than 24 inches (610 mm). Manholes shall extend not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above ground or shall be designed so as to prevent

water infiltration. Finish grade shall be sloped away from the manhole to divert surface water from the man-hole. Each manhole cover shall be secured to prevent unauthorized access. Service ports in manhole covers shall be not less than 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter and shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the finished grade level. The service port shall be secured to prevent unauthorized access.

Exception: Storage tanks having a volume of less than 800 gallons (3028 L) and installed below grade shall not be required to be equipped with a manhole where provided with a service port that is not less than 8 inches (203 mm) in diameter.

1115.11.7.6 Venting. Storage tanks shall be provided with a vent sized in accordance with the Plumbing

Code and based on the diameter of the tank influent

pipe. Tank vents shall not be connected to sanitary drainage system vents.

1115.11.7.7 Inlets. Storage tank inlets shall be designed to introduce water into the tank with mini-mum turbulence and shall be located and designed to avoid agitating the contents of the storage tank. 1115.11.7.8 Outlets. Outlets shall be located not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the bottom of the storage tanks and shall not skim water from the surface. 1115.11.7.9 Draining of tanks. Where storage tanks require draining for service or cleaning, tanks shall be drained by using a pump or by a drain located at the lowest point in the tank. The discharge from draining the tank shall be disposed of in a manner consistent with the stormwater runoff requirements of the District of Columbia and at a sufficient distance from the tank to avoid damaging the tank foundation.

1115.11.7.10 Marking and signage. Each storage tank shall be marked with its rated capacity. Storage tanks shall bear signage that reads as follows: “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.” Where an opening is provided that could allow the entry of personnel, the opening shall bear signage that reads as follows: “DANGER – CONFINED SPACE.” Markings shall be indelibly printed on a tag or sign constructed of corrosion-resistant waterproof material mounted on the tank or shall be indelibly printed on the tank. The let-ters of words shall be not less than 1

/2 inch (13 mm) in height and shall be of a color that contrasts with the background on which they are applied.

1115.11.8 Valves. Valves shall be installed in accordance with Section 1115.11.8.1.

1115.11.8.1 Backwater valve. Backwater valves shall be installed on each overflow and tank drain pipe. Backwater valves shall be installed so that access is provided to the working parts for service and repair. 1115.11.9 Roof washer. A sufficient amount of rainwater shall be diverted at the beginning of each rain event, and not allowed to enter the storage tank, to wash accumulated debris from the collection surface, or approved pre-treat-ment measures shall be used as specified in a plan ELEMENT

MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE FROM STORAGE TANK

(FEET)

Critical root zone (CRZ) of

pro-tected trees 2

Lot line adjoining private lots 5

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approved in compliance with 21 DCMR Chapter 5. The amount of rainfall to be diverted shall be field adjustable as necessary to minimize storage tank water contamina-tion. The roof washer shall not rely on manually operated valves or devices, and shall not operate automatically. Diverted rainwater shall not be drained to the roof surface and shall be discharged in a manner consistent with the stormwater runoff requirements of the District of Colum-bia. Roof washers shall be accessible for maintenance and service.

1115.11.10 Vent piping. Storage tanks shall be provided with a vent in accordance with the requirements of Section 1115.11.7.6. Vents shall be sized in accordance with the

Plumbing Code, based on the aggregate diameter of

stor-age tank influent pipe(s). Vents shall be protected from contamination by means of a U-bend installed with the opening directed downward or an approved cap. Vent out-lets shall extend a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) above grade or as necessary to prevent surface water from enter-ing the storage tank. Vent openenter-ings shall be protected against the entrance of vermin and insects in accordance with the requirements of Section 1115.7.

1115.11.11 Pumping and control system. Mechanical equipment including pumps, valves and filters shall be easily accessible and removable in order to perform repair, maintenance and cleaning. Pressurized water shall be sup-plied at a pressure appropriate for the application and within the range specified by the Plumbing Code. Where water could be supplied at an excessive pressure, a pres-sure-reducing valve shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of the Plumbing Code.

1115.11.11.1 Water-pressure-reducing valve or reg-ulator. Where the rainwater pressure supplied by the pumping system exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa) static, a pres-sure-reducing valve shall be installed to reduce the pressure in the rainwater distribution system piping to 80 psi (552 kPa) static or less. Pressure-reducing valves shall be specified and installed in accordance with Sec-tion 604.8.

1115.11.12 Distribution pipe. Distribution piping shall comply with Sections 1115.11.12.1 through 1115.11.12.4. 1115.11.12.1 Materials. Distribution piping conveying rainwater shall conform to the standards and require-ments specified by the Plumbing Code for nonpotable water.

1115.11.12.2 Joints. Distribution piping conveying rainwater shall utilize joints approved for use with the distribution piping and appropriate for the intended applications as specified in the Plumbing Code. 1115.11.12.3 Size. Distribution piping conveying rain-water shall be sized in accordance with the Plumbing

Code for the intended application.

1115.11.12.4 Marking. Nonpotable rainwater distribu-tion piping shall be of the color purple and shall be

wrap. Identification tape shall be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) wide and shall have white or black lettering on purple stating “CAUTION: NONPOTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.” Identification tape shall be installed on top of nonpotable rainwater distribution pipes, fastened not greater than every 10 feet (3048 mm) to each pipe length and run continuously the entire length of the pipe. Lettering shall be readily observable within the room or space where the piping is located.

Exception: Piping located outside of the building and downstream of the backflow preventer is not required to be purple where rainwater is used for outdoor applications.

1115.12 Tests and inspections. Tests and inspections shall be performed in accordance with Sections 1115.12.1 through 1115.12.10.

1115.12.1 Drainage and vent tests. The testing of rain-water collection piping, overflow piping, vent piping and storage tank drains shall be conducted in accordance with Section 312.

1115.12.2 Draining and vent final test. A final test shall be applied to the rainwater collection piping, overflow piping, storage tank, and tank vent piping in accordance with Section 312.4.

1115.12.3 Water supply system test. The testing of makeup water supply piping and rainwater distribution piping shall be conducted in accordance with Section 312.5.

1115.12.4 Inspection and testing of backflow preven-tion assemblies. The testing of backflow preventers and backwater valves shall be conducted in accordance with Section 312.10.

1115.12.5 Inspection of vermin and insect protection. Inlets and vents to the system shall be inspected to ensure that each is protected to prevent the entrance of insects or vermin into storage tank and piping systems in accordance with Section 1115.8.

1115.12.6 Roof gutter inspection. Roof gutters shall be inspected to verify that the installation and slope is in accordance with Section 1115.11.3.

1115.12.7 Roofwasher test. Roofwashers shall be tested by introducing water into the gutters. Proper diversion of the first quantity of water in accordance with the require-ments of Section 1115.11.9 shall be verified.

1115.12.8 Storage tank tests. Storage tanks shall be tested in accordance with the following:

1. Storage tanks other than factory-made tanks shall be filled with water to the overflow line prior to and during inspection. Seams and joints shall be left exposed and the tank shall remain water tight with-out leakage for a period of 24 hours.

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3. The makeup water system shall be tested for proper operation, and automatic shutoff of the system at the refill threshold shall be verified.

1115.12.9 Supply pressure test. The static water pressure at the point of use farthest from the supply shall be veri-fied to be within the range required for the application, in accordance with Section 1115.11.11.

1115.12.10 Water quality test. The quality of the water for the intended application shall be verified at the point of use in accordance with all applicable requirements of the District of Columbia.

1115.13 Operations and maintenance manuals. Operations and maintenance materials shall be supplied by the installer to the owner of the system in accordance with Sections 1115.13.1 through 1115.13.4. The owner shall keep these manuals on site or where they are readily available to the

code official upon request.

1115.13.1 Manual. A detailed operations and mainte-nance manual shall be supplied in hardcopy form with all rainwater collection systems.

1115.13.2 Schematics. The manual shall include a detailed system schematic, the locations of all system components and a list of all system components including manufacturer and model number.

1115.13.3 Maintenance procedures. The manual shall provide a maintenance schedule and procedures for all system components requiring periodic maintenance.

Con-sumable parts including filters shall be noted along with part numbers.

1115.13.4 Operations procedures. The manual shall include system startup and shutdown procedures. The manual shall include detailed operating procedures for the system.

1115.14 System abandonment. In order to abandon or cease use of a rainwater collection and conveyance system, other than rain barrels, the owner shall first obtain approval for abandonment of the system from both the District Depart-ment of the EnvironDepart-ment and the code official. AbandonDepart-ment of a rainwater collection and conveyance system shall com-ply with the following:

1. System piping connecting to a utility-provided water system shall be removed or disabled, and the potable water supply line shall be capped with an approved cap or plug.

2. The storage tank shall be secured from inadvertent access by sealing or locking tank inlets and access points, or by filling with sand or by other equivalent

approved method.

1115.14.1 Mandatory abandonment. Mandatory aban-donment of a rainwater collection and conveyance system is required where (1) system installation is not required by the stormwater requirements in 21 DCMR Chapter 5; and (2) the owner fails to properly maintain the system in accordance with the maintenance procedures set forth in Section 1115.13. The owner shall comply with the system abandonment procedures set forth in Section 1115.14.

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