Future In Optical Transmission System
Asad Ali Khan
Research scholar, Teerthanker Mahaveer University Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
V.K. Sharma
Ex- Principal K.G.K (P.G.) College, Moradabad Ex- Dean of Faculty of Science
MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh , India Anuj Kumar Agarwal
Assistant Professor Department of Physics
Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh , India
Abstract:- Broadband network play an Important role in fiber optical Communication System low attenuation and high transmission system for long distance required in telecommunication system.
This paper provides an overview in the field of optical fibre communication and also development in long haul communication system for long distance.
Introduction :- In an optical fiber communication system in the form of discrete pulses of light information ( signal ) is coded. The number of Pluses that can be sent perunit time, will determine the information Capacity of the fibre.
To convey more data through single optical fibre over long distances advance technology has done it successfully.
By using wavelength division multiplexing system transmission capacity in optical communication is improved.
New techniques and classes of optical communication network are developed. Like, Code division multiple access.
Fiberoptic Communication
Traditionally, by sending electrical signals through copper cables, coaxial cables or waveguides electronic communication is carried out.
In communication technology, fiber optic communication uses light pulses transmit to information (signal) by transducer.
An optical fiber made from low loss silica ( SiO2). It has refractive index of 1.458 at nm. If SiO2 is
doped with Germania (GeO2) or phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) the refractive index of material increase,
Optical fibres structure can be characterized into three types namely
Single mode step index fibre, Multimode step index fibre and Graded Index Fibre
A singal mode step index fibre has a very thin core of diameter 8 µm to 12 µm. It is mode of germanium doped silicon and only allows one light path. A multimode step index is very much similar to the single mode step index fibre but its core is of larger diameter, which is of the order of 50 to 100 µm and allows several light paths. A graded index fibre is a multimode fibre with a core consisting of concentric layers of different refractive indices, thereby allowing all the light rays to reach the reciever and reducing dispersion.
Future of Fiber Optics Communication
The evolution of fibre optic communication has been derived by advancement in technology and increased demand for fibre communication technology.
Below are some of the futures in fibre optics communication Technology.
Optical Communication Networks
Optical communication Networks will be completly in the optical domain, giving rise to an all optical communication network. In this networks all signals will be processed in optical domain. Optical signal will first be converted to electrical signal before they can be processed and routed to their destination and then re-converted to optical signal which are transmitted over long distances to their destination.
Smart Optical Transmission Network
Presently, Optical networks are not able to adapt to the rapid growth of online data service due to the unpredictability of dynamics allocation of bandwidth, optical networks rely mainly on manual configuration of network connectivity, which is time consuming and unable to fully adapt to the demand of the modern network.
Smart optical network is a future in optical network development and will have following application traffic engineering, dynamic resource route allocation, special control protocols for network management, scalable signaling capabilities, bandwidth on demand, wavelength rental, wavelength whole sale differentiated services for a variety of quality of services level.
Long Haul Optical Transmission in Network –
In the area of long haul optical transmission network the limitations imposed due to imperfections in the transmission medium are subject for research lose disperation effect has promoted researches to study potential benefits of solition propagation
Polymer optical fibres
Polymer optical fibres offer many benefits when compared to other data communication solutions such as copper cables, wireless communication system and glass optical fibre .In comparison with glass optical fibre Polymer optical fibres provide an easy and less expensive. Processing of optical signal and are more flexible for plug inter connections .The use of the polymer optical fibres as the transmission media for aircrafts is presently under research by different Research and Development groups due to its benefits. The German Aerospace center have concluded that the use of polymer optical fibres multimedia fibres appears to be possoble for future aircraft application. Also in the future polymer optical fibres will likely displace copper cables for the last mile connection from the telecommunication companies.
Improvement in Optical Transmission Reciever Technology
Erbium Doped fibre Amplifier (EDFA) is one of the critical technologies used in optical fibre communication system. In the future better technologies to enhance EDFA performance will be developed. In order to increase the gain bandwidth of EDFA better gain equalization technology for high accuracy optical amplification will be developed. Also, in order to achieve a higher output power, and a lower noise figure high power pumping lasers that posses excellent optical amplification Characteristics with outputs of more than +20dBm and very low noise figure are envisioned to exist in the near future.
Conclusion
The fibre optical communication network is an ever evolving one, the growth experienced by researcher has been enormous in this past decade. There is still much work to be done to support the need for faster data rates, advanced switching techniques and more intelligent network architectures that can automatically change dynamically in response to traffic patterns and at the same time be cost efficient.
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