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Goal Setting and Self Reflection DAY TODAY I WANT TO ACCOMPLISH... WHAT I
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What types of genetic mutations are there and what causes genetic mutations
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This unit, the things I did well are…
Next unit, the things I want to do better are….
DNA is a very complex system. DNA makes up your body, hair color, and even your personality. all living things contain genetic material which is the blueprints for protein. This works because DNA is imputed into every single person. You get 16 from your mom and 16 from your father. Although sometimes DNA can have mistakes. This is what causes genetic mutations.
If you look there are many different ways that genetic mutations are effected. Autism, Down syndrome, Parkinson's disease and many other are either chromosomal issues or genetic mutations. But how do these occur? These can occur in many ways.
One way is by a copying error. Another is from environmental damage (unknown1, 14). Point mutation is when a simple change in the base of a set. In frames a base is either added or deleted in equivalent to inserting or subtracting one. This can make the DNA meaningless and often result in a shorter protein. Deletion is when the sequence is missing DNA. This can be when one is removed and the sequence is shorter or one is added which makes the sequence longer. Insertions is mutations that are resulted in an addition of an extra DNA which can also cause frame shift and cause a
nonfunctional protein. Inversion is an entire section of the DNA strand reversed. A small inversion is only involved with a few bases(unknown 2,14).Several can cause chromosomal damage that can effect many regions. There are many types of proteins that not only change the proteins but where and how much the protein is made. This can cause DNA to be made in the wrong place (cell type) and the wrong time. This can also happen by having too much or too little DNA made.(unknown 2,14)
A gene mutation is a permanent change in a DNA sequence. They can renege from a short sequence to a long chromosomal sequence. These can happen in two ways. One is they can be I hearted by a parent or they can be affected over the course of a lifetime. When they are passed down from parent to child (16 from father and 16 from mother), they are called germline mutations(unknown 3,14) All of the cells in the body of this type of mutation is present with the mutation. Mutations that only occur in the egg or sperm or after fertilization are called de novo mutations. De novo mutations explain why a child has the mutation in every cell but has no family history of the disorder. Acquired or somatic mutations is when DNA has the mutation in individual cells the occur during sometime during their life time. Things such as ultra violet rays and environmental exposure can effect this. But this can also occur when DNA copied itself durning cell duplication.(unknown 3,14) This cannot be passed on from person to person. Mutations may also occur in a single cell within an early embryo. This means that some cells will combine with others which causes the mutation. Polymorphisms are mainly what causes your eyes to be different colors and for your hair and blood type to be different.(unknown 2,14) Even though they do not have any negative effects on ones health, it can help create mutations.
It is said that we were evolved from chimpanzees. We have the like qualities of them and that it has been proven in many lab and historical tests. But have these mutations been around for a while? If so
what caused them? It is shown the there are four different types of major mutations. DNA base substitution, deletion and insertion. Unequal crossing over, and reconstruction modification of chromosomes and irregular number of chromosomes are some examples. Irregular number of chromosomes can occur in a as a consequence of of errors in meiosis (cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous
chromosomes, producing two haploid cells.) and combining the chromosomes at the time of
conception.(unknown 3,14) The reason why certain mutations don't occur in heredity is because the genetic material isn't occurred in the sex cell. When it is occurred in the sex cell this will most likely have an affect and cause genetic mutation in the long run from family to family. However some
mutations are extremely dangerous and can occur before birth. Even certain mutations that are simple can have a huge impact on someone and can have a huge impact on themselves if the environment changes.
Genetic mutations can happen to anyone. These types of mistakes are possibly one of the simplest mistakes that can happen but have the largest effects on a person/things every day tasks. Genetic mutations are helpful in figuring out how and what we can do to figure out more about what makes up the human life. DNA and genetic mutations are are made up of all living things and their blueprints.
This chart shows the different types of genetic mutations there are. The letters on the side show the amount of inconsistencies and mistakes that happen during DNA copying. The letters are sequences that have been changed(highlighted).
These help us figure out what our DNA does and even possibly how we can fix genetic mutations.
