Automation & Robotics

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Automation & Robotics

Student Guide

eSeries

Edition 1 37640-Q0

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Student Guide

Tech-Design by Lab-Volt vii

Introduction ...1

The Ancestry of the Robot Arm ...3

To-Do List ...3

Study Guide ...4

Video Response: Robot Arms and End-of-Arm Tooling ...6

Creating a Program ...7

To-Do List ...7

Study Guide ...8

Video Response: Robot Systems ...10

Avoiding Obstacles ...11 To-Do List ...11 Study Guide ...12 Changing Speeds ...13 To-Do List ...13 Study Guide ...14

Impacts Video Response: Environmental Impacts ...15

Capabilities and Limitations ...16

To-Do List ...16

Study Guide ...17

Video Response: Advantages and Limitations of Robots ...18

Basic Robotics...19 To-Do List ...19 Study Guide ...20 Methods of Programming ...22 To-Do List ...22 Study Guide ...23 Editing Programs ...25 To-Do List ...25 Study Guide ...26 Robotics in Manufacturing ...27 To-Do List ...27 Study Guide ...28 Using a Feeder ...29 To-Do List ...29 Study Guide ...30

Working with a Rotary Carousel ...31

To-Do List ...31

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The Future of Robotics ...33

To-Do List ...33

Study Guide ...34

Video Response: The Future of Robotics ...35

Video Response: Careers in Robotics ...36

Appendices ...37 Independent Study Project Proposal ...39 Topic Outline ...40 Bibliography ...41 Activities ...42 Drawings ...43

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Student Guide

Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 1

Introduction

This Student Guide is organized by unit. In each unit you may find:

Unit Objectives

•

New Terms and Words

•

To-Do List

•

Study Guide

•

Data sheets (worksheets)

•

Video response sheets

•

The Unit Objectives are a summary of what you can expect to learn in the unit.

New Terms and Words provide the definitions for words you may not be familiar with. If you come across any other words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary, write the definitions, and add them

to your Student Guide. Understanding vocabulary is the biggest key to understanding any information. The To-Do List helps you keep track of all the work you do.

The Study Guide will help you to take notes as you read the unit. You can use this to study for the unit test. You can use all of the unit Study Guides to study for the course test.

Data sheets or worksheets provide space to record information or answer questions about activities. Some also give you a place to write down the details of your projects.

Video response sheets are worksheets that go with the videos you will watch. After you watch a video, answer the questions on the video response sheet.

You can save any other work you do for this course in this guide.

Use the Student Guide to study what you have learned. Your teacher may also ask to collect your work for a grade.

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

The Ancestry of the Robot Arm

Objectives

During this unit, you will:

explore the history of robots.

•

be introduced to the basic components of a robot.

•

learn about the Lab-Volt Robot Arm.

•

review some of the significant historical events related to the field of Automation and

•

Robotics and complete the Timeline Activity.

To-Do List

Complete the following assignments. Use this to-do list to keep track of each task.

To-Do Due Date Notes

F Study Guide

F Video Response: _{Robot Arms and End-of-Arm Tooling} F Timeline Activity

F Unit Test

New Terms and Words

innovated—introduced something new or differs from existing forms; originated, invented. knurled—having knurls or knots; having small ridges on the edge or surface.

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm

?

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Ancestry of the Robot Arm

A Brief History of Robotics

I.

The name “robot” is derived from “

A. robota,” which means “

” in the language. and appeared first in a play in

.

A robot is a machine that performs functions normally done by

B. .

There is evidence of mechanical devices that data as far back as

C.

in .

During the current era, there are many examples of mechanical devices in

D.

and that predate the Industrial Revolution. During the Renaissance in Europe,

E. designed

numerous mechanical artifacts and weapons.

In 1774, the Jacquet-Dronz father and son team built a doll named

F.

who could and play

.

One of the first examples of industrial automation is a

G.

in , which was controlled by a .

Industrial automation grew at a very fast pace during the

H. .

Seiko, the Japanese watch-maker company, developed a robotic arm called I.

in .

The first American programmable industrial robot was

J. invented

and built by in .

Here’s The Lab-Volt Robot Arm II.

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Student Guide

The Lab-Volt Robot Arm contains the five basic components found in all industrial robot

A.

arms: , ,

, , and .

The Robot Arm has three joints:

B. ,

, and .

The arm end effectors include:

C. , ,

, , and

others.

The drives used are

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Name: Date:

Video Response: Robot Arms and End-of-Arm Tooling

How many components are typically found in robotic systems?

_____________________________________________________________________________ What are the main components of a robotic system?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is good human analogy for a robotic end effector?

_____________________________________________________________________________ Where is the robot’s end effector generally found?

_____________________________________________________________________________ What is the main function of the robot’s arm.

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is a good human analogy for a robot’s controller?

_____________________________________________________________________________ What do controllers depend on for the performance of its functions?

_____________________________________________________________________________ What is the main purpose of the robot’s sensor(s)?

_____________________________________________________________________________ What does the robot use to move from one position to the next?

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Creating a Program

Objectives

learn the menus of the Teach Pendant.

•

create and store a program.

•

run a stored program.

•

practice editing a program.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Video Response: Robot Systems F Activity Guide: _{Saving Your Program}

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm One 2x2x½ inch Square Part

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Creating a Program

A Robotics System I.

A robotics system has fundamentally two components: a

A. and a

.

Typical robot components include: B.

A

1. can execute anywhere within its

. An

2. , also known as

, performs the actual function. A

3. provides the input power.

A

4. contains all the instructions for the specific functions to

be performed. A variety of

5. equipment, such as a

conveyor belt, is often used.

The instructions to the robot need to be

C. .

Playing with Blocks II.

It must be

A. to the robot and

in order to control it. The four

B. are used to

manage the program development. The four

C. are used to move through the

menu options and to the programmed points.

Getting with the Program III.

The series of instructions that the robot must follow is called a

A. .

The specific places recorded in the robot’s memory are called

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Student Guide

The final program consists of a sequence of

C. .

The

D. is the maximum distance the robot can

reach in any direction. The robot has a

E. if it hits anything due to

in programming. You select

F. from the

in order to clear the robot of any earlier program. The various number and function keys are used to

G. the robot and

its parts to a desired point, which is then saved by using the key. After all robot points are programmed, the program can be saved in a computer using the H.

software.

The memory of the Teach Pendant is

I. when the

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Name: Date:

Video Response: Robot Systems

What is the main characteristic of an industrial robot?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What are the main applications of industrial robots?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How is a robot often programmed?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How are industrial robots adjusted to handle the wide variety of tasks required?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How can an assembly line be equipped with robots?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Avoiding Obstacles

Objectives

practice moving the robot in its work envelope.

•

program the robot to avoid obstacles.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Avoiding Obstacles

An Obstacle I.

Anything within the

A. of the robot could

become an obstacle. Robots must be

B. to obstacles.

Avoiding obstacles is particularly important when the robot

C.

.

Programming the Robot to Avoid Obstacles II.

Not accounting for all

A. in a program can be very

.

Make sure all previous

B. are before

reprogramming a robot. Adjust the

C. of the robot according to the

of the object being moved. Before

D. the program, test it by

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Changing Speeds

Objectives

practice changing speeds for accuracy and timing.

•

examine why speeds change for different operations.

•

explore the impact of manufacturing on the environment.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: _{Loading Your Program}

F Impacts Video Response: _{Environmental Impacts}

F Unit Test

New Terms and Words

tolerances—upper and lower limits allowed in manufacturing a part; the range of variation in a standard.

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm One 2x2x½ inch Square Block

One Film Canister One Metallic Can

?

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Changing Speeds

Speed Need I. A

A. speed is desirable when:

the robot is moving a

1. object.

2. are small.

Programming

B. speed is appropriate when:

the robot is

1. anything,

the object being moved

2. heavy,

and there are no

3. .

Most programs require speed

C. from

.

The speed of an operation must be

D. with all other

automated procedures. Programming Speed Changes E.

The speed of the

1. of the Robot Arm ranges from

.

The speed can be adjusted by using the

2. key in the

. Speed adjustments to an existing

3. can be made using the

function. Test the

4. by stepping

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Impacts Video Response: Environmental Impacts

Besides making products, what are other outputs of typical manufacturing facilities?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is the impact of robotics on the rate of pollution from factories?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Are there other collateral pollution factors indirectly impacted by robotics?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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Name: Date:

Capabilities and Limitations

Objectives

discover some of the advantages and limitations of using robots in industry.

•

create a program using a complete robotics system.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Video Response: _{Advantages and Limitations of Robots}

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Study Guide

Capabilities and Limitations

Some Pluses and Minuses I.

Advantages of robots A.

Robots perform

1. and tasks

more than humans.

They are able to handle from very

2. to very

payloads. They can be

3. to perform new functions.

Limitations of robots B.

Robots displace

1. that then needs retraining.

Robots are expensive to

2. and .

While they can be reprogrammed, they are typically limited to

3.

. Many robots work as

4. systems which require every move

be well specified.

A Complete Automated System II.

A complete automated system consists of a

A. working with

.

The peripheral tooling component used in the exercise was a B.

.

The robot arm and the peripheral tooling were synchronized by a

C.

that the robot when a part was ready.

When the microswitch was

D. by a part in the feeder, it sent a

logic level 0 signal to .

The robot

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Name: Date:

Video Response: Advantages and Limitations of Robots

What are the main advantages of industrial robots?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What are the main robot limitations in industrial applications?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is meant by robot accuracy?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How is a robot’s accuracy measured?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is meant by repeatability?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What does payload measure?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What is the range of typical industrial robot payloads?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Basic Robotics

Objectives

explore the different types of robots.

•

review the five basic components of a robotics system.

•

control the robot using

• RoboCIM.

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Using RoboCIM

F Unit Test

New Terms and Words

coordinates—any one of a set of numbers used in marking the location of a point on a line, in space, or on a given plane or other surface; for example, latitude and longitude are coordinates of a point on the Earth’s surface.

interim—interval, in between, meantime

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm One Square Block One Film Canister

One Metallic Can RoboCIM Software

?

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Basic Robotics

Four Types of Robots I.

There are four types of robots, distinguished by the

A.

used to specify their moves.

Robots with a rectangular box work envelope are called

1.

Robots.

A special case of a Cartesian robot is the

a. ,

which is anchored.

Robots with a cut-off cylindrical tube work envelope are called

2.

robots.

Robots with a semi-spherical work envelope centered at its base are called 3.

robots.

Robots that can rotate around their base, but less than a full circle, and can also move in 4.

the vertical direction are called or .

Components of a Robotics System II.

Robot’s five basic components:

A.

A sixth component of a robotics system is

B. – a set of

instructions that tells the robot what steps to take Using

III. RoboCIM

In addition to the

A. , the Lab Volt Robot Arm can be

programmed using the software.

The

B. RoboCIM software has a that allows

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Student Guide

The

C. of the RoboCIM software sends the program to the

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Name: Date:

Methods of Programming

Objectives

examine four methods used to program a robot.

•

demonstrate how to record points in

• RoboCIM.

create and test a program in

• RoboCIM to control the robot.

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: _{Introduction to Programming}

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm One Film Canister

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Study Guide

Methods of Programming

There are fundamentally

I. methods for programming a robot.

If the operator physically adjusts the required components and end stops, the programming A.

is called .

This requires great care to assure

1. are set up

. This method is usually used with

2. robots.

If the operator physically guides the end effector through all the steps, the programming is B.

called .

The program is saved in the

1. by

at each appropriate stop point. The robot arm must be

2. by the operator.

Examples of this type of programming include

3.

and .

If the operator uses a teach pendant to lead the robot through its paces, the programming C.

is called .

As the end effector reaches an appropriate

1. , it is

recorded into the robot’s .

A good example is the Lab Volt Robot Arm with the

2.

or the .

If the operator programs all required functions off-line and away from the robot, the D.

approach is called .

Many complex

1. robots use this type of

programming.

Our example is the use of the

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The

II. RoboCIM software has two programming options: One method uses icons and graphics tools, and is called

A.

.

The other method allows the operator to enter text commands using the keyboard, and is B.

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Editing Programs

Objectives

explore some reasons for editing programs.

•

demonstrate how to modify points in a list in a program.

•

insert a delay command in a program.

•

modify the speed associated with a recorded programmed point.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Program Editing

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm One Film Canister

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Editing Programs

Program Editing I.

Possible reasons for editing a program: A.

You may need to

1. , or

commands. You may need to modify a

2. that was

saved. You may need to insert additional

3. .

You may need to account for

4. obstacle.

Editing a program B.

It is good practice to save the edited program with a

1.

using “ ”

If the coordinates are changed for an existing point, save it with the

2.

In order to remove a command, you click on

3.

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Robotics in Manufacturing

Objectives

explore types of robots used in manufacturing environments.

•

create and edit a program that simulates a spot welding robot.

•

create a program that simulates continuous welding.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Industrial Application

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm One Metallic Can

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Robotics in Manufacturing

Manufacturing Environment I.

Most robots in industry handle tasks that are

A. ,

, , or

.

Robots used in manufacturing environments are called

B.

.

They perform a wide variety of functions, including:

C. ,

, ,

, , etc.

Other Industrial Environments D.

Applications for robots are also found in:

1. ,

, ,

, etc.

Robots are also used in design and planning applications, such as:

2.

, ,

etc.

Spot Welding Robots E.

They tend to be

1. robots with multiple

.

They are flexible and

2. a welding point from

. They are able to handle a heavier

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Using a Feeder

Objectives

demonstrate how to use a gravity feeder.

•

create a program to make a robot pick up parts from a feeder and drop them into a metallic

•

can.

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Gravity Feeder

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm Gravity Feeder One Metallic Can

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Using a Feeder

Lab-Volt Gravity Feeder I.

It feeds one part

A. . After the robot a

part, another part ready to be picked up.

It has a

B. that can inform the

when a part is available.

While the feeder can handle various parts, they must

C.

with the dimensions of the gravity feeder. The gravity feeder must

D. to the robot controller.

If there are no parts in the feeder, the robot controller can be

E.

to:

1. until a part is available.

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Working with a Rotary Carousel

Objectives

demonstrate how to use a rotary carousel.

•

create a program that simulates a galvanizing process.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Activity Guide: Rotary Carousel

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm Rotary Carousel One Metallic Can

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

Working with a Rotary Carousel

Lab-Volt Rotary Carousel

I.

It must be connected to

A. of the robot.

It can rotate in the

B. or direction. It is driven by a C. , which moves in . Carousels are

D. used in industry to move

from one to another.

Robotic Operation II.

The robot controller can

A. to operate the rotary

carousel.

The carousel can be made to

B. ,

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

The Future of Robotics

Objectives

apply a simple formula for justifying the cost of switching to a robotics system.

•

be able to define the role of automation and robotics in today’s society.

•

explore career opportunities in robotics.

•

To-Do List

F Study Guide

F Video Response: The Future of Robotics F Video Response: Careers in Robotics F Career Activity

F Unit Test

Additional Equipment Required

Lab-Volt Robot Arm

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Name: Date:

Study Guide

The Future of Robotics

Investment Analysis I.

The most common analysis to justify an investment in robotics is to determine the

A.

or .

The period where the investment

B. the difference between labor

savings and expenses is called the .

The loss of value of new equipment due to age and use is called C.

.

The

D. allows companies to deduct as a

cost every year a percentage of the initial investment. Companies usually set their expected

E. , which is

generally less than the period allowed by . The main business driver for investments in robotics is

F.

.

The Future of Robotics II.

The use of robotics in space is likely to increase, for example: A.

1. space stations.

perform various tasks

2. from Earth.

transmit

3. in addition to visual images back

to Earth.

The use of robots in homes and business will

B. .

Robots will be

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Student Guide

Name: Date:

Video Response: The Future of Robotics

In what way are space probes considered robots?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ How were robots used in the space stations?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What new functionality for robotic grippers is being investigated?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Give some examples of the robots being developed by NASA.

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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Name: Date:

Video Response: Careers in Robotics

What are some of the responsibilities of industrial engineers?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What can a computer programmer do in automation and robotics?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ What functions can technicians perform?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

What role can teacher and trainers have in the field of robotics?

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

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Student Guide Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 39 Student Guide Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 39

Project Proposal

Name: Course: Section: Topic

State as specifically as possible the idea, question, and/or activity you have chosen.

Description

State why you have chosen this topic, what you expect to learn, any previous experience you had with this topic, and the type of investigation you will conduct.

Materials

State what materials, people, or activities will be involved in the completion of your project.

Due Date:

Instructor’s Approval: Student’s Signature:

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Topic Outline

Name: Course: Section:

In the area provided, write the outline you will use for your independent study project. Introduction Discussion Conclusion Due Date: Instructor’s Approval: Student’s Signature:

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Bibliography

In the area provided, supply the name, author, publisher, and publication date of the references you plan to use for your independent study project.

Texts 1. 2. Journals 1. 2. 3.

Others (Examples: work experience, interviews) 1.

2.

Due Date:

Instructor’s Approval: Student’s Signature:

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Activities

In the area provided, give descriptions of the activities or exercises you plan to incorporate into your independent study project. Include the materials and the time required for each of the activities or exercises. Activities Exercises Due Date: Instructor’s Approval: Student’s Signature:

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Drawings

Name: Course: Section: Due Date: Instructor’s Approval: Student’s Signature:

Submit this proposal with your completed project.

In the area provided, supply rough sketches of any drawings you intend to use in your

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