Unit I: Nanoscale Systems
1. Who is generally credited with the first serious scientific claim that manufacturing on the molecular or even the atomic scale was possible? The claim was made at California Technical Institute and was called, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom".
a. Richard P. Feynman b. Ed Regis
c. K. Eric Drexler d. Ralph Merkle
[a] Richard P. Feynman
2. Richard Feynman is often credited with predicting the potential of nanotechnology. What was the title of his famous speech given on December 29, 1959?
a. There is a tiny room at the bottom b. Things get nanoscopic at the bottom c. Bottom? What bottom?
d. There is plenty of room at the bottom
[d] There is plenty of room at the bottom 3. "There is a plenty of room at the bottom." This was stated by
a. Issac Newton b. Albert Einstein c. Richard Feynman d. Eric Drexler
[c] Richard Feynman
4. The cut-off limit of human eye to see is _____ nm a. 10
b. 100 c. 1000 d. 10000
[d] 10000
5. Nano, as a prefix, denotes what order of magnitude? a. 10^-6
b. 10^-3 c. 10^-12 d. 10^-9
6. 1 meter = ______ nm. a. 109
b. 10(-9)
c. 1010
d. 10(-10)
[a] 109
7. 1 mm = ______ nm a. 106
b. 10(-6)
c. 107
d. 10(-7)
[a] 106
8. 1 nanometre= _______ cm. a. 10(-9)
b. 10(-8)
c. 10(-7)
d. 10(-6)
[c] 10(-7)
9. 20 micron = ______ nm a. 20 x 10(-9)
b. 20 x 109
c. 200 d. 20000
[d] 20000
10. The size of nanoparticles is between _____ nm. a. 100 to 1000
b. 0.1 to 10 c. 1 to 100 d. 0.01 to 1
[c] 1 to 100
a. 10 b. 1 c. 0.1 d. 0.01
[c] 0.1 12. The prefix "nano" comes from a ...
a. French word meaning billion b. Greek word meaning dwarf c. Spanish word meaning particle d. Latin word meaning invisible
[b] Greek word meaning dwarf 13. Nanotechnology, in other words, is
a. Carbon engineering b. Atomic engineering c. Small technology d. Microphysics
[b] Atomic engineering 14. Who first used the term nanotechnology and when?
a. Richard Feynman, 1959 b. Norio Taniguchi, 1974 c. Eric Drexler, 1986 d. Sumio Iijima, 1991
[b] Norio Taniguchi, 1974 15. Nanoscience can be studied with the help of...
a. quantum mechanics b. Newtonian mechanics c. macro-dynamics d. geophysics
[a] Quantum mechanics 16. The most important property of nonmaterial’s is
a. force b. friction c. pressure d. temperature
[b] Friction
17. How many oxygen atoms lined up in a row would fit in a one nanometer space? a. None; an oxygen atom is bigger than 1 nm
b. One c. Seven d. Seventy
[c] Seven
18. Which one of these statements is NOT true? a. Gold at the nanoscale is red
b. Copper at the nanoscale is transparent c. Silicon at the nanoscale is an insulator
d. Aluminum at the nanoscale is highly combustible
[c] Silicon at the nanoscale is an insulator
19. Which of these consumer products is already being made using nanotechnology methods?
a. Fishing lure b. Golf ball
c. Sunscreen lotion d. All of the above
[d] All of the above
20. If you were to shrink yourself down until you were only a nanometer tall, how thick would a sheet of paper appear to you?
a. 170 meters
b. 1.7 kilometers (a bit more than a mile) c. 17 kilometers
d. 170 kilometers
[d] 170 kilometers 21. The diameter of human hair is _______ m
a. 75000 b. 75
c. 7.5 x 10(-5)
d. 7.5 x 10(-9)
[c] 7.5 x 10(-5)
22. The thickness of a transistor is ____ nm. a. 50
b. 90 c. 2,000 d. 5,000
[b] 90
23. The width of a typical DNA molecule is ____ nm. a. 1
b. 2 c. 5 d. 10
[b] 2
24. Which ratio decides the efficiency of nanosubstances? a. weight/volume
b. surface area/volume c. volume/weight d. pressure/volume
[b] Surface area/volume
25. The surface area to volume ratio of a sphere with radius 1 cm is R1 and that of a sphere
with radius 5 cm is R2. Then R1 = ____ R2.
a. 3 b. 1/3 c. 5 d. 1/5
[c] 5
26. The surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side 1 unit is R1 and that of a cube with
side 10 units is R2. Then R2 = ____ R1.
a. 1/10 b. 10 c. 1/100 d. 100
[a] 1/10
27. The two important properties of nanosubstances are... a. pressure and friction
b. sticking and friction c. sticking and temperature d. temperature and friction
[b] Sticking and friction 28. The scale factor for length is
b. A L2.
c. A L3.
d. A L-2.
[a] A L. 29. The scale factor for area is
a. A L. b. A L2.
c. A L3.
d. A L-2.
[b] A L2.
30. The scale factor for volume is a. V L.
b. V L2.
c. V L3.
d. V L-3.
[c] V L3.
31. The scale factor for frequency is a. f L.
b. f L2.
c. f L3.
d. f L-1.
[d] f L-1.
32. The scale factor for time is a. time L.
b. time L2.
c. time L3.
d. time L-1.
[a] time L. 33. The scale factor for frictional force is
a. frictional force L. b. frictional force L2.
c. frictional force L3.
[b] frictional force L2.
34. Mechanical milling is a – a. Bottom up approach b. Top down approach c. both a & b
d. None of the above
[b] Top down approach
35. Who proposed that conduction in a 1D system could be viewed as a transmission problem?
a. Landauer b. Hiller c. Feynman
d. None of the above a. Landauer
36. Landauer – Buttiker formalism holds as long as the carriers are …….. a. transported
b. coherent c. sufficient d. less
b. coherent
37. Landauer – Buttiker formalism was proposed in….. a. 1957
b. 1947 c. 1942 d. 1962
a. 1957
38. Ballistic conduction is the transport of electrons in a medium having negligible ……….. a. flow
b. load
c. Electrical conductivity d. Electrical resistivity
39. Ballistic transport is observed when the mean free path of the electron is ………. than the dimension of the medium through which the electron travels.
a. Equal
b. much shorter c. much longer d. None of the above
c. much longer
40. Ballistic conduction is typically observed in ……… a. CNT
b. Gold Nano particles c. GaAs
d. None of the above a. CNT
41. Ballistic conduction enables use of ………… properties of electron ……. a. electrical, transport
b. quantum mechanical, transport c. quantum mechanical, wave function d. chemical, transport
c. quantum mechanical, wave function 42. In the schematic structures formed respectively are
_____________. a. wire, well, and dot
b. quantum well, wire, and dot c. quantum dot, wire, and well d. None of the above
b. quantum well, wire, and dot
3D, 2D, 1D 0D structure 43.
44. 45. 46.
47. 48. 49. 50.
UNIT II: Quantum dots 1. What is an Exciton
a. a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force
b. simply an electron and hole pair.
c. electron and hole in the conduction band d. electron and hole in the valance band
` a. a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force
2. The energy associated with the relative motion of an exciton is (symbols have their usual meanings)
a. En=ERy
n2 b. En=ERyn2 c. En= n
2 ERy
d. None of the above
[a] En=ERy
n2 3. In fig. (a) represents –
a. Exciton b. Band gap
c. Zero point vibration energy of electron d. Zero point vibration energy of hole
[a] Exciton 4. In fig. (b) represents –
a. Exciton b. Band gap
c. Zero point vibration energy of electron d. Zero point vibration energy of hole
[b] Band gap 5. In fig. (c) represents –
b. Band gap
c. Zero point vibration energy of electron d. Zero point vibration energy of hole
[c] Zero point vibration energy of electron 6. In fig. (d) represents –
a. Exciton b. Band gap
c. Zero point vibration energy of electron d. Zero point vibration energy of hole
[d] Zero point vibration energy of hole 7. An exciton can exist in –
a. semiconductor b. insulator c. some liquid
d. all [a], [b] & [c] are true
[d] all [a], [b] & [c] are true 8. Which statement is true for an exciton
a. The distance between the electron and the hole within an exciton
b. a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force
c. The distance between the electron and the hole within an exciton is
Bohr radius d. All above
[d] All above 9. Which statement is true for an exciton
a. The distance between the electron and the hole within an exciton
b. It has slightly less energy than the unbound electron and hole
c. The distance between the electron and the hole within an exciton is
Bohr radius d. All above
[d] All above 10. What is Bohr radius?
a. The distance between the electron and proton
c. The distance between the electron and the hole
d. The distance between the electron and the hole within an exciton
[d] The distance between the electron and the hole within
an exciton
11. What is the size of a quantum dot? a. 100 nm.
b. 50 nm. c. 5 nm. d. 150 nm.
c. 5 nm.
12. The size of a quantum dot is ______ m. a. 5
b. 5 x 10(-9)
c. 5 x 10(-10)
d. 5 x 10(-11)
[b] 5 x 10(-9)
13. What exactly is a quantum dot?
a. A semiconductor nanostructure that confines the motion of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, or excitons in all three spatial directions.
b. The sharpest possible tip of an Atomic Force Microscope
c. A fictional term used in science fiction for the endpoints of wormholes
d. Unexplained spots that appear in electron microscopy images of nanostructures smaller than 1 nanometer
[a] A semiconductor nanostructure that confines the motion of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, or excitons in all three spatial directions. 14. What exactly is a quantum dot?
a. A semiconductor nanostructure that glow a particular color after being illuminated by light.
b. The sharpest possible tip of an Atomic Force Microscope
c. A fictional term used in science fiction for the endpoints of wormholes
d. Unexplained spots that appear in electron microscopy images of nanostructures smaller than 1 nanometer
[a] A semiconductor nanostructure that glow a particular color after being illuminated by light.
15. A semiconductor nanostructure that confines the motion of conduction band electrons, valence band holes, or excitons in all three spatial directions, is known as
a. Nano wire. b. Sheet. c. quantum dot. d. None of the above.
[c] Quantum dot.
16. The glowing color of a quantum dot depends – a. size of the nano particle
b. wavelength of the light used c. wavelength of the emitted light d. none of the above
[a] size of the nano particle
17. Small enough size of the quantum dot result in ______ color a. red
b. blue c. yellow d. white
[b] blue
18. Larger enough size of the quantum dot result in ______ color a. red
b. blue c. yellow d. white
[a] red
19. Which property of the quantum dot causes fluoresce?
a. The gap between the valance and the conduction band. b. The size of the quantum dot
c. The nature of the incident light. d. None of the above.
[a] The gap between the valance and the conduction band. 20. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are synthesized from
b. precursor compounds dissolved in solutions. c. Physical vapor deposition
d. Epitaxy
[b] precursor compounds dissolved in solutions. 21. During colloidal synthesis on heating the precursor it –
a. Form polymer b. make macro particle
c. Decomposes to form monomers d. none of the above
[c] Decomposes to form monomers
22. During colloidal synthesis the controlling parameters are a. Temperature
b. Concentration of precursor c. Both [a] & [b]
d. None of the above [c] Both [a] & [b]
23. During colloidal synthesis, the nanoparticle size due to high monomer concentration is a. Relatively smaller
b. Relatively larger c. Average
d. Can not say
[a] Relatively smaller
24. During colloidal synthesis, the nanoparticle growth rate due to high monomer concentration is
a. Slower b. Faster c. Average d. Can not say
[b] Faster
25. During colloidal synthesis, the nanoparticle size slightly ………. than the critical size as the time passes
a. Smaller b. Larger
d. Can not say b. Larger
26. The process of growing a crystal layer (n-type, p-type, intrinsic) over another crystal , usually of the same kind is known as
a. Chemical vapor deposition
b. precursor compounds dissolved in solutions. c. Physical vapor deposition
d. Epitaxial
[d] Epitaxial 27. The Greek meaning of ‘Epi’ is
a. Upon b. Under c. Behind
d. None of the above [a] Upon
28. The growth of a layer of exactly the same crystal material onto the substrate is known as a. Homo-epitaxy
b. Hetro-epitaxy c. Hexa-epitaxy d. Hepta-epitaxy
[a] Homo-epitaxy
29. The growth of a layer of a different crystal material onto the substrate is known as a. Homo-epitaxy
b. Hetro-epitaxy c. Hexa-epitaxy d. Hepta-epitaxy
[b] Hetro-epitaxy
30. During epitaxial process, a n type Si layer is grown on p type Si substrate. This process is called
a. Homo-epitaxy b. Hetro-epitaxy c. Hexa-epitaxy d. Hepta-epitaxy
31. The most widely hetroepitaxy consist of compound of a. III – V
b. II – VI
c. Both [a] & [b] d. None of the above
[c] Both [a] & [b] 32. Typical epitaxial techniques are
a. Liquid Phase Epitaxy b. Vapour Phase Epitaxy
c. Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition d. All of the above
[d] All of the above 33. The full name of MOCVD is
a. Metal Osmosis Chemical Vapour Deposition b. Metal Organic Catalyst Vapour Deposition c. Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition d. Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Depletion
[c] Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition 34. What does ‘M’ stand for in MOCVD
a. Metal b. Molecule c. Material d. Magnetic
[a] Metal 35. Which statement is true
a. 1 Atm. Pressure = 760 Torr b. 1 Bar = 1000 mbar
c. 1 Torr = 1000 mTorr d. All of the above
[d] All of the above 36. The full name of MBE is
b. Molecular Beginning Epitaxy c. Molecular Beam Epitaxy d. Molecular Beam Experiment
[c] Molecular Beam Epitaxy
37. The spectroscopy developed for optical biopsy application such as distinguishing cancer cell from normal cell is –
a. CARS b. SRS b. TPE
d. Both [a] & [b] [d] Both [a] & [b]
38. The working pressure inside the vacuum chamber during MBE is a. 10 -5 Torr
b. 10 -7 Torr
c. 10 -9 Torr
d. 10 -11 Torr
[d] 10 -11 Torr
39. The study of the quantized interaction of electromagnetic radiations with matter is known as a. Microscopy
b. Spectroscopy c. Metallographic d. Nanographic
[b] Spectroscopy
40. All electromagnetic radiation have the velocity ……… in vacuum. a. 3 × 10 -8 cm/sec
b. 3 × 10 8 cm/sec
c. 3 × 10 -10 cm/sec
d. 3 × 10 10 cm/sec
[d] 3 × 10 10 cm/sec
41. The excitation technique involving scanning the frequency of the excitation signal and recording the emission within a very narrow spectral range is knows as.
a. Absorption b. Phosphorescence c. Photoluminescence
d. Emission
[c] Photoluminescence
42. The emission occurs after the excitation has ceased. The process is called ……. a. Absorption
b. Phosphorescence c. Photoluminescence d. Emission
[b] Phosphorescence 43. Under photo emission we study
a. Phosphorescence b. Photoluminescence c. Both [a] & [b] d. None of the above
[c] Both [a] & [b]
44. The luminescence caused by chemical reactions in living things is known as. a. Bioluminescence
b. Chemiluminescence c. Electroluminescence d. Piezoluminescence
[a] Bioluminescence
45. The luminescence caused by electrical current is known as. a. Bioluminescence
b. Chemiluminescence c. Electroluminescence d. Piezoluminescence
[a] Electroluminescence
46. The luminescence caused, when energy is supplied by chemical reaction is known as. a. Bioluminescence
b. Chemiluminescence c. Electroluminescence d. Piezoluminescence
47. On the nature of their interaction, most of the spectroscopic methods can be classified into – a. Absorption spectroscopy
b. Emission spectroscopy c. Scattering Spectroscopy d. All above
[d] All above
48. “ The number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits should double every 18 month”, was given by
a. Gorden Moor b. Richard P. Feynman c. Ed Regis
d. K. Eric Drexler [a] Gorden Moor
49. The study of emitted radiation by the substance after absorption is known as a. Absorption spectroscopy
b. Emission spectroscopy c. Scattering Spectroscopy d. None of the above
[b] Emission spectroscopy
50. The study of wavelength of radiation taken by the substance to move from ground energy state to excited energy state is known as
a. Absorption spectroscopy b. Emission spectroscopy c. Scattering Spectroscopy d. None of the above
UNIT III SYNTHESIS of NANOSTRUCTURE MATERIALS: 1. What is plasma?
a. The ionized state of matter. b. Liquid state of matter. c. Solid state of matter. d. Ionized state of matter.
[a] The ionized state of matter. 2. …….. is plasma based synthesis process.
a. PVD b. CVD c. Sol Gel d. Both [a] & [b]
[d] Both [a] & [b]
3. …….. is a wet chemical synthesis process. a. PVD
b. CVD c. Sol Gel d. Both [a] & [b]
[c] Sol Gel
4. …….. technique requires vacuum. a. PVD
b. CVD c. Sol Gel d. Both [a] & [b]
[d] Both [a] & [b] 5. 1 Torr = …..
a. 1000 mbar b. 1 atmosphere c. 1 Bar
[d] All above
6. 1 atmosphere pressure is equal to a. 1000 mbar
b. 760 mtorr c. 1 Bar d. All above
[d] All above 7. 1 Torr = ….. m Torr
a. 1000 b. 760 c. 105
d. None [b] 760 8. 1 Bar = …… mbar
a. 1000 b. 760 c. 105
d. None
[a] 1000 9. 1 Torr = ….. m bar
a. 1 b. 0.78 c. 1.33 d. 1000
[c] 1.33
10. The process of removal of gas molecule from a close chamber is known as a. Pressurizing
b. Over loading c. Vacuum d. None
[c] Vacuum
11. Gas phase synthesis of nanometrials is of interest because
of-a. An excellent control of size, shape, crystallinity and chemical composition. b. Multi-component systems are relatively easy to form
c. Easy control of the reaction mechanisms. d. All of the above.
[d] All of the above.
12. Most of the gas phase syntheses are based on the production of _____ clusters and than _____.
a. small, condensation b. small, revolution c. large, clusters d. large, condensation
[a] small, condensation
13. Gas phase condensation occurs, when the vapor is ________ a. Saturated
b. Supersaturated c. Unsaturated d. None of the above
[b] Supersaturated
14. Gas phase condensation can be achieved by – a. Chemical Processes
b. Physical Processes c. Biological Processes
d. Both by Physical and Chemical Processes
[d] Both by Physical and Chemical Processes 15. What does ‘G’ stands in GPC?
a. Gas b. Global
c. Gold d. None
[a] Gas
16. The limitation of spray pyrolysis is the formation of ______ in the reactor zone. a. Ferrite
b. Oxide c. Nitrite
d. All of the above [b] Oxide
17. _____ based on gas phase synthesis of nanomaterials. a. Spray pyrolysis
b. Gas Condensation Process c. Sol Gel
d. Bothe [a] & [b]
[d] Bothe [a] & [b]
18. A key for the formation of nanoparticles with narrow size distributions during spray pyrolsis is the exact control of _________
a. Flame b. Precursor c. Carrier Gas d. None of the above
[a] Flame
19. Using spray pyrolsis synthesis, nanomaterials of __________ can be formed. a. Carbon black.
b. Fumed Silica c. Titanium di oxide. d. All of the above
[d] All of the above
20. During spray pyrolysis synthesis, first ______ are ________ and then unwanted components are burnt in a ______ to get the required material.
a. Carrier gas, flushed, nebulizer b. Precursors, washed, furnace c. Precursors, nebulized, flame d. Carrier gas, nebulized, furnace
[c] Precursors, nebulized, flame
21. The main disadvantage of spray pyrolysis is formation of highly ______ powders due to _____ gas pressure during reaction.
a. Crystalline, high b. Amorphous, low c. Agglomerated, low d. Agglomerated, high
[d] Agglomerated, high
22. The_____ technique is very useful to production of composite materials. a. Gas phase condensation
b. Spray Pyrolysis c. Both [a] & [b] d. None of the above
[a] Gas phase condensation
23. ___ is generally used as carrier gas during Gas phase condensation. a. Acetylene
b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. Argon
[d] Argon
24. ___ is generally used as carrier gas during spray pyrolysis. a. Acetylene
b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen
d. Combination of [a], [b] & [c]
25. The intensity flux of laser used during Laser ablation process is of the order of __ a. 10-2 W/cm3.
b. 102 W/cm3.
c. 10-7 W/cm3.
d. 107 W/cm3.
[b] 107 W/cm3.
26. During Laser Ablation process a ____ energy ____ laser is used. a. Low, pulsed
b. Low, continuous c. High, pulsed d. High, continuous
[c] High, pulsed
27. During Laser Ablation process a temperature of the order of _____ is generated. a. 102 K.
b. 104 K.
c. 1011 K.
d. 107 K.
[b] 104 K.
28. What does ‘V’ stands for in CVD? a. Vacuum.
b. Vapor. c. Vast.
d. None of the above. [a] Vacuum.
29. What does ‘V’ stands for in PVD? a. Vacuum.
b. Vapor. c. Vast.
d. None of the above. [a] Vacuum.
30. What does ‘C’ stands for in CVD? a. Compound
b. Closer c. Chemical d. Chemistry
[c] Chemical
31. What does ‘P’ stands for in PVD? a. Physics
b. Pressure c. Physical d. Precursor
[c] Physical
32. CVD involves the thermal _______ of gas phase species at elevated _____. a. Process, Pressure.
b. Process, Temperature. c. Decomposition, temperature d. Decomposition, voltage.
[c] Decomposition, temperature 33. CVD processes have advantage of
a. Low power input b. Low temperature range c. Relatively high purity. d. All of the above
[d] All of the above
34. CVD processes have advantage of _____ power input, _____ temperature range, relatively _____ purity and possibility to _____ the process
a. High, low, high, scale b. Low, low, high, scale c. Low, high, high, scale d. Low, low, low, scale
35. During PVD source material can be vaporized at ____ temperature and ____ pressure. a. High, Low
b. Low, High c. High, High d. Low, Low
[a] High, Low
36. During PVD, the substrate for collecting the desired ______ are usually placed ______ following the carrier gas.
a. Pattern, up – stream. b. Structure, down – stream. c. Nanostructure, down – stream. d. Particle, middle
[c] Nanostructure, down – stream. 37. Ball milling is a _____ synthesis process.
a. Top - down b. Bottom - up c. Wet Chemical d. Hot
[a] Top - down
38. Other name of ball milling process is ________. a. Chemical synthesis.
b. Chemical grinding. c. Mechanical grinding. d. Hydrothermal synthesis.
[c] Mechanical grinding.
39. Ball milling synthesis process is suitable for the production of _____ alloy particles. a. Amorphous
b. Crystalline c. Organic
[d] Both Amorphous & Crystalline
40. Electro deposition process is restricted to ________ materials. a. Electrically Conducting.
b. Ionic c. Amorphous d. None of the above
[a] Electrically Conducting.
41. In electroplating process the substrate is placed in a liquid solution known as __ . a. Electronic
b. Colloidal c. Electrolyte d. Ionic
[c] Electrolyte
42. A chemical ___ reaction takes place resulting in the formation of a layer of material on the substrate during electroplating.
a. Oxidation b. Formation c. Ionic d. Reduction
[d] Reduction
43. Hydrothermal synthesis process is generally defined as crystal growth under ___ temperature and ___ pressure.
a. High, Low. b. Low, high c. High, High d. Low, Low
[c] High, High
44. The solvent properties for many compounds, such as ____ and _____ change dramatically under supercritical conditions.
b. Dielectric constant, solubility. c. Solubility, Ionic
d. None of the above
[b] Dielectric constant, solubility.
45. Hydrolysis is regarded as an _____ reaction between _____ ions and _____ ions. a. Electrostatic, metal, hydroxyl
b. Electroplating, metal, hydroxyl c. Electroplating, semiconductor, metal d. Electrostatic, alkaline, hydroxyl
[a] Electrostatic, metal, hydroxyl
46. The critical temperature and pressure for water are ---. a. 100o and 1 Pa.
b. 23o and 1 MPa
c. 100o and 22.1 MPa
d. 374o and 22.1MPa
[d] 374o and 22.1MPa
47. What does the term ‘Sol’ represent in Sol-Gel process?
a. Evolution of inorganic networks through the formation of a colloidal suspension. b. A network in a continuous liquid phase.
c. A chemical reaction. d. None of the above
[a] Evolution of inorganic networks through the formation of a colloidal suspension.
48. What does the term ‘Gel’ represent in Sol-Gel process?
a. Evolution of inorganic networks through the formation of a colloidal suspension. b. A network in a continuous liquid phase.
c. A chemical reaction. d. None of the above
49. The formation of an oxide or alcohol bridged network by a poly-condensation reaction is known as
a. Sol b. Gel c. Sol - Gel
d. None of the above b. Gel
50. Sol – Gel processing refers to the _____ and ______ of alkoxide based precursor. a. Reduction, Precipitation
b. Oxidation, Condensation c. Hydrolysis, Condensation d. Electrolysis, Precipitation
UNIT IV: CHARARCTERIZATION
1. By microscopy techniques which characteristic information can be obtained? a. Topography
b. Morphology c. Composition d. all of the above
[d] all of the above
2. The information, how the atoms are arranged in the object is known as… a. Topography
b. Morphology c. Composition d. Crystallography
[d] Crystallography
3. The information, how the surface and texture of the object looks, is known as… a. Topography
b. Morphology c. Composition d. Crystallography
[a] Topography
4. The information about the shape and size of the particles making up the object is known as…
a. Topography b. Morphology c. Composition d. Crystallography
[b] Morphology
5. The information about the elements and compounds that the object is composed of, is known as..
a. Topography b. Morphology c. Composition d. Crystallography
6. The full form of SEM is...
a. scanning electron microscope b. scientific electron microscope c. systematic electron microscope d. super electrical microscope
[a] scanning electron microscope 7. The full form of STM is...
a. scanning tunneling microscope b. scientific technical microscope c. systematic technical microscope d. super tensile microscope
[a] scanning tunneling microscope 8. What does 'S' stand for in STM?
a. scanning b. scientific c. systematic d. super
[a] scanning 9. What does 'T' stand for in STM?
a. tunneling b. technical c. tunning d. tensile
[a] tunneling 10. What does 'M' stand for in STM?
a. microprobe b. microscope c. micron
d. None of the above
[b] microscope 11. The full form of TEM is...
a. Technical electron microscope b. Teaching electronics microscope c. Transmission electron microscope d. None of the above
[c] Transmission electron microscope 12. What does 'T' stand for in TEM?
b. technical c. transmission d. tensile
[c] transmission 13. What does 'E' stand for in TEM?
a. electrical b. electron c. electronics
d. None of the above [b] Electron 14. What does 'M' stand for in TEM?
a. microprobe b. microscope c. micron
d. None of the above
[b] Microscope 15. Which statement is true for TEM?
a. Require extensive sample preparation b. Use electron beam instead of light beam c. The structure of the sample may change d. all of the above
[d] all of the above
16. Which of the following technology do not require vacuum treatment? a. AFM
b. SEM
c. both AFM & SEM d. none of the above
[a] AFM 17. The full form of AFM is...
a. Atomic force microscope b. Atom force microscope c. Atomic force microprobe d. Atomic factor microscope
[a] scanning tunneling microscope 18. What does 'A' stand for in AFM?
a. Atom b. Atomic c. Approximate d. Approved
[b] Atomic 19. What does 'F' stand for in AFM?
a. fine b. front c. force d. flux
[c] force 20. What does 'M' stand for in AFM?
a. microprobe b. microscope c. micron
d. None of the above
[b] microscope 21. TEM was built by
a. Albert and James Hiller
b. Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer c. Ralph Merkle
d. None of the above
[a] Albert and James Hiller 22. STM was invented by
a. Albert and James Hiller
b. Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer c. Ralph Merkle
d. None of the above
[b] Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer
23. Which microscopy can work both in contact and non contact mode? a. AFM
b. SEM c. TEM
d. none of the above [a] AFM
24. What made it possible to study atoms and their manipulation in developing new structures?
a. AFM b. SEM c. TEM d. STM
[d] STM
25. Which statement is true?
a. STM can only image conducting or semiconducting surfaces.
b. AFM can image any type of surface, including polymers, ceramics, composites, glass and biological samples.
c. AFM can move into potential regions inaccessible to the STM. d. All above
[d] All above 26. Which statement is true?
a. AFM does not depend on a current; it can be used to visualize any type of surface. b. AFM can move into potential regions inaccessible to the STM.
c. Both [a] & [b] d. None of the above
[c] Both [a] & [b]
27. Which statement is true for TEM?
a. A relatively large time consuming process.
b. The structure of the sample may change during the preparation process. c. The field of view is small
d. All above
[d] All above
28. Which statement is true for microscopy of nanomaterials?
a. Visible light wavelength is much larger compared to nanomaterials. b. Ultrasonic’s runs into problem of absorption.
c. X – Ray exhibit a lack of interaction both in focusing and interacting with sample. d. All above
29. Why visible light is not used for microscopy of nanomaterials? a. Visible light wavelength is much larger compared to naomaterials. b. Runs into problem of absorption.
c. Exhibit a lack of interaction both in focusing and interacting with sample. d. All above
[a] Visible light wavelength is much larger compared to naomaterials. 30. Why Ultrasonic waves are not used for microscopy of nanomaterials?
a. Wavelength is much larger compared to naomaterials. b. Runs into problem of absorption.
c. Exhibit a lack of interaction both in focusing and interacting with sample. d. All above
[b] Runs into problem of absorption.
31. Why X – Rays are not used for microscopy of nanomaterials? a. Wavelength is much larger compared to naomaterials. b. Runs into problem of absorption.
c. Exhibit a lack of interaction both in focusing and interacting with sample. d. All above
[c] Exhibit a lack of interaction both in focusing and interacting with sample. 32. We use electrons for the microscopy of nanomaterials because ….
a. Electrons have both particle and wave nature. b. They provide a better resolution.
c. Both [a] & [b] d. None of the above
[c] Both [a] & [b]
33. Which statement is not true for STM? a. It is a non – optical microscopy method. b. It uses tunneling process.
c. It can scan all type of surfaces. d. None of the above
34. Which statement is true for STM?
a. It can scan a scale from microns down to nano meter range. b. It can scan only conducting or semiconducting surfaces. c. It is a non – optical microscopy technique.
d. All above
[d] All above
35. To scan fragile material ……. microscopy is best suitable. a. AFM
b. STM c. TEM
d. None of the above [a] AFM
36. …… microscopic technique have cantilever shaped sharp tip at its end. a. AFM
b. STM c. TEM
d. None of the above [a] AFM
37. During AFM, when the cantilever tip is brought in contact to the sample material, the tip is
a. Attracted b. Repelled
c. Neither attracted nor repelled d. Both [a] & [b]
[d] Both [a] & [b]
38. Which microscopic technique is best suitable to study insulators, organic materials, biological materials, polymers and glasses in different environment?
a.AFM b. STM c. TEM
[a] AFM
39. Which statement is true for TEM?
a. The working principle is same as light microscopy. b. It produces 2D image.
c. Require extensive sample preparation. d. All above
[d] All above
40. Which statement is true for TEM?
a. The working principle is same as light microscopy. b. It produces 2D image.
c. Require extensive sample preparation. d. All above
[d] All above
41. The main drawbacks of TEM are. a. Require extensive sample preparation b. The field of view is relatively small. c. The structure of the sample may change d. all of the above
[d] all of the above
42. …… microscopy technique uses lenses. a. TEM
b. STM c. AFM
d. All of the above [a] TEM
43. …… microscopy technique require sample to be very thin and able to withstand the high vacuum present inside the instrument.
a. TEM b. STM c. AFM
d. All of the above [a] TEM
44. …… microscopy technique is known as optical technique. a. TEM
b. STM c. AFM
d. All of the above [a] TEM
45. Which microscopy uses tunneling cureent? a. STM
b. TEM c. AFM
d. All of the above [a] STM
46. All electromagnetic radiation have the velocity ……… in vacuum. a. 3 × 10 -8 cm/sec
b. 3 × 10 8 cm/sec
c. 3 × 10 -10 cm/sec
d. 3 × 10 10 cm/sec
[d] 3 × 10 10 cm/sec
47. 48. 49. 50.
UNIT V NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION 1. The hardest material found in nature is ______.
a. steel b. topaz c. diamond d. quartz
[c] diamond
2. Fullerene or bucky ball is made up of ____ carbon atoms. a. 100
b. 20 c. 75 d. 60
[d] 60 3. What is a buckyball?
a. A carbon molecule (C60)
b. Nickname for Mercedes-Benz's futuristic concept car (C111) c. Plastic explosives nanoparticle (C4)
d. Concrete nanoparticle with a compressive strength of 20 nanonewtons (C20) [a] A carbon molecule (C60)
4. A bucky ball is a molecule consisting of ___ carbon atoms a. 50
b. 60 c. 75 d. 100
[b] 60
5. A particular molecule of carbon made up of sixty carbon atoms has received some press as a structure that shows promise as a basic building block in the area of molecular manufacturing. What is the whimsical nontechnical name for these molecules?
a. Fullerrods b. Nanonodes c. Buckyballs d. Nanocubes
[c] Buckyballs
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
[c] 3
7. What is the general name for the class of structures made of rolled up carbon lattices? a. Nanorods
b. Nanotubes c. Nanosheets d. Fullerrods
[b] Nanotubes
8. The diameter of a bucky ball is about ______ a. 1 Ao
b. 10 Ao
c. 100 Ao
d. 1000 Ao
[b] 10 Ao
9. Carbon atoms make ____ type of bond with other carbon atoms. a. covalent
b. ionic c. metallic d. hydrogen
[a] covalent 10. What is graphene?
a. A new material made from carbon nanotubes b. A one-atom thick sheet of carbon
c. Thin film made from fullerenes
d. A software tool to measure and graphically represent nanoparticles [b] A one-atom thick sheet of carbon
11. The thermal conductivity of a standard SWNT along its length is ____ watt/(m.K) a. 3500
b. 385 c. 35000
d. 35
[a] 3500
12. The ratio of thermal conductivity of silver to that of a carbon nanotube is _____. a. 100 : 1
b. 1 : 100 c. 10 : 1 d. 1 : 10
[d] 1 : 10
13. The width of carbon nanotube is ______nm. a. 1
b. 1.3 c. 1.55 d. 10
[b] 1.3
14. The tensile strength of a carbon nanotube is _____ times that of steel. a. 10
b. 25 c. 100 d. 1000
[c] 100
15. ______ are the extentions of bucky balls. a. Geodesic domes
b. Hexagons
c. Carbon nanotubes d. AFM and STM
[c] Carbon nanotubes
16. With the help of _____, Robert F. Curl and others discovered fullerene. a. electron microscope
b. magnetic resonance c. condensation technique d. mass spectrograph
17. In the structure of fullerene each carbon atom forms covalent bonds with ____ other carbon atoms.
a. one b. two c. three d. four
[c] three
18. Who had invented the famous 'Geodesic' dome structure? a. eric drexler
b. buckminster fuller c. richard smalley d. faraday
[b] buckminster fuller
19. The largest cluster of carbon atoms in Bucky balls known till today consists of ____ carbon atoms.
a. 60 b. 75 c. 180 d. 540
[d] 540
20. The smallest cluster of carbon atoms in Bucky balls known till today consists of ____ carbon atoms.
a. 75 b. 60 c. 20 d. 15
[c] 20
21. The tensile strength of an MWNT is ____ Pa. a. 63 x 106
b. 63 x 107
c. 63 x 108
d. 63 x 109
[d] 63 x 109
22. The compressive strength of a nanotube _____ its tensile strength. a. is less than
b. is greater than c. is equal to
d. may be greater than [a] is less than
23. The hardness of a standard SWNT is ____ Pa. a. 63 x 106
b. 25 x 106
c. 25 x 109
d. 25 x 10-9
[c] 25 x 109
24. The bulk modulus of a standard SWNT is ____ that of diamond. a. less than
b. greater than c. equal to
d. less than or equal to [b] Greater than
25. How much current can be passed through 1 cm2 cross-section of a metal nanotube?
a. 10-9 a
b. 109 a
c. 1000 a d. 0.001 a
[b] 109 a
26. The electrical conductivity of a nanotube is ____ times that of copper. a. 10
b. 100 c. 1000 d. 1/100
[c] 1000
27. An MWNT possesses electrical superconductivity up to temperature of... a. 12 k
b. 12°c c. 100 k d. 100°
[a] 12 k
28. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of a copper wire is ____ watt/(m.K). a. 3500
b. 350 c. 385 d. 38.5
[c] 385
29. In radial direction, the thermal conductivity of a nanotube is ____ watt/(m.K). a. 3500
b. 385 c. 350 d. 0
[d] 0
30. The thermal stability of a nanotube is seen up to ____ K in vacuum. a. 100
b. 1000 c. 2200 d. 3100
[d] 3100
31. The thermal conductivity of an SWNT along length is ____ watt/(m.K). a. 35
b. 350 c. 385 d. 3500
[d] 3500
32. The wavelength of visible light is ____ nm. a. 40-70
b. 400-700 c. 4000-7000 d. 40000-70000
[b] 400-700
33. The capacity of a normal human eye to see the smallest object is ____ μm. a. 10000
b. 1000 c. 100 d. 10
[d] 10
34. The width of a carbon nanotube is ____ nm. a. 1
b. 1.3 c. 2.5 d. 10
[b] 1.3
35. The thermal stability of a nanotube is seen up to ____ K in air. a. 100
b. 1000 c. 2000 d. 3100
[b] 1000
36. Nanoparticles of which substance were found on the surface of the sword of Tipu Sultan? a. gold
b. lead c. carbon d. silicon
[c] Carbon
37. Nano particles of which atom are used to control collateral damage due to explosion? a. copper
b. aluminium c. carbon d. lead
[b] aluminium
38. Who prepared and explained nanotubes for the first time? a. sumio tijima
b. richard smalley c. eric Drexler d. richard feynmann
[a] sumio tijima
39. Which of the following statement/s is are true?
i. Volume to surface area ratio is very large for nanomaterials. ii. The cut-off limit of human eye is 10-5 m.
iii. Hardness of a SWNT is about 63 x 109 Pa.
iv. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical fullerenes. [a] all four
[b] (ii) and (iv) [c] (i), (ii) and (iv) [d] (ii), (iii) and (iv)
[d] (ii), (iii) and (iv) 40. What does ‘S’ stands for SET?
a. Simple b. Soluble c. Single d. Suitable
[c] Single
41. What does ‘E’ stands for SET? a. Electrical
b. Electronics c. Electrode d. Electron
[d] Electron
42. What does ‘E’ stands for SET? a. Transmission
b. Transistor c. Technical d. Tunnel
[b] Transistor
43. The operation principle of SET is determined by _______ . a. Band Gap energy
b. Forbidden energy c. Junction width d. Coulomb Blockade
[d] Coulomb Blockade
44. What does ‘D’ stands for DPN? a. Diode
b. Double c. Dip d. Direct
[c] Dip
45. What does ‘P’ stands for DPN? a. Pen
b. Pin c. Penetrate d. Pink
[a] Pen
46. What does ‘N’ stands for DPN? a. Nanotechnology
b. Nanorobotics c. Nanomaterial
d. Nanolithography
[d] Nanolithography
47. Which statement is/are true for DPN?
a. Directly print various materials onto existing nano and microstructures with nanoscale registry.
b. Subcellular to nanoscale resolution at ambient deposition conditions c. It can also be applied to semiconductor surfaces.
d. All above
[d] All above
48. Which statement is/are true for OLED’s? a. Self luminous
b. A wide viewing angle upto 170o.
c. Exhibit 16.78 millions colors. d. All above
[d] All above
49. Which statement is/are true for nano solar cells? a. Not made from silicon.
b. Manufacturing don’t require vacuum chamber. c. Made from nano rods.
d. All above.
[d] All above
50. Nano Solar Cells are produced from – a. Plastic nanorods
b. Metal nanorods c. Silicon nanorods d. None of the above
