]
Balantidium coli Balantadiasis Cyst
INGESTION
Metronidazole
Chilomastix mesnili Non pathogenic Cyst -
Entamoeba coli Non pathogenic Mature cyst -
Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Cyst
Endolimax nana Non pathogenic Cyst -
Giardia lamblia Giardiasis Cyst Metronidazole
Iodamoeba butschlii Non pathogenic Cyst -
Leishmania donovani Visceral Leshmaniasis Promastigote Stibogluconate Na
ATRIAL FLAGELLATES - Lower forms of parasite - Completely unicellular
- Asexual reproduction – Binary fission - Non pathogenic o Chilomastix mesnili - Pathogenic o Giardia lamblia
@
;
]
PARASITE: Balantidium coli, trophozoite
Only member of the ciliate group that is pathogenic to humans Considered as the largest protozoan
ORGAN OF LOCOMOTION: CILIA
DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC is NUCLEAR DIMORPHISM o Micronucleus
o Macronucleus
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: TROPHOZOITE DISEASE: Balantidiasis
MOT: INGESTION HABITAT: COLON
LABORATORY: microscopic examination of stool and tissue sample
POPULATION AFFECTED:
]
PARASITE: Leishmania donovani Kala-Azar
Dum dum fever
Old world leishmaniasis
AMASTIGOTE infective to the vector PROMASTIGOTE infective to humans INFECTIVE STAGE: PROMASTIGOTE
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: AMASTIGOTE DISEASE: VISCERAL LESHMANIASIS VECTOR: Phlebotomous sandfly DEFINITIVE HOST: Man and Mammals RESERVOIR: DOG
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Common in Africa, India and Asia (Particularly in the middle east)
LABORATORY:
Cultivated in NNN or liquid cultures as promastigote of splenic and hepatic material
Blood smear or culture
Sternal, splenic, hepatic, or LN puncture TREATMENT: Stibogluconate sodium
]
PARASITE: Chilomastix mesnili TROPHOZITE
Asymmetrically pear
With constricted middle part Granular cytoplasm
With food vacuoles CYST
Pear or lemon shaped
With knob like protuberance INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: TROPHOZOITE
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: STOOL EXAMINATION MOVEMENT:CORK SCREW LIKE MOVEMENT NO TREATMENT REQUIRED.
]
PARASITE: Giardia lamblia DISEASE: GIARDIASIS INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: TROPHOZOITES MOT: INGESTION
DIAGNOSIS:
DIRECT FECAL SMEAR – identifying ova/adult STOOL EXAM – complete examination of stool DRUG OF CHOICE: METRONIDAZOLE
TROPHOZOITE
- DIAGNOSTIC STAGE
- Seen in WATERY STOOL - Has 8 FLAGELLA
- With a pair of nuclei - FALLING LEAF OTILITY - PEAR SHAPED
- BINARY FISSION
CYST
- INFECTIVE STAGE
- With CONDENSED FLAGELLA (cannot be seen, folded, thick, exhibit no movement at all) - OVOID in shape
- Young: 2 nuclei - Mature: 4 nuclei
]
PARASITE: Endolimax nana NON-PATHOGENIC Flagellate
CYST
o 7-10µm
o Spherical, ovoid or ellipsoid o Mature cyst – 4 nuclei
o Large blotlike karyosome and presence of peripheral chromatic (similar with trophozoite)
o No chromatoid bar
o GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: CYST OR TROPHOZOITE IN THE STOOL LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: STOOL EXAMINATION
]
PARASITE: Entamoeba histolytica DISEASE: AMEOBIASIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: 4 NUCLEI CYSTS OR TROPHOZOITES ON OVA AND PARASITE EXAM
MOT: INGESTION
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: STOOL EXAMINATION
CYST - INFECTIVE STAGE - In FORMED STOOL
- 4 nuclei (quadrinucleated cyst) - Resistant to gastric secretion - Cigar-shaped chromatoidal body - With glycogen mass
TROPHOZOITE
- INVASIVE FORM (PATHOGENIC STAGE) - In LIQUID STOOL
- 1 NUCLEUS
- Pseudopod:active. progressive and directional movement
- Centrally located karyosome: “Bulls-eye appearance”
- With ingested RBC
]
PARASITE: Entamoeba coli DISEASE: NON PATHOGENIC INFECTIVE STAGE: MATURE CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: CYST OR TROPHOZOITES ON OVA AND PARASITE EXAM
MOT: INGESTION
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
TRADITIONAL WET PREPARATION ANTIGEN TEST
TROPHOZOITE
- Motility: Sluggish, nonprogressive through blunt pseudopod
- Single nucleus with large irregularly shaped karyosome that is
ECCENTRICALLY LOCATED - Vacuoles often contain bacteria - In contrast to E. histolytica, RED
BLOOD CELL INCLUSIONS ARE NOT PRESENT IN THE
TROPHOZOITES OF E. COLI.
CYST
- Spherical with thick cell wall - 1-8 NUCLEUS (E.histolytica – 1 to 4
nuclei only)
- Cytoplasm contains glycogen mass - Thin chromatoid bars, often with
]
PARASITE: Iodamoeba buetschlii Sluggishly and progressive Pseudopodia blunt and hyaline Inclusions: Bacteria but NO RBC 1 large nucleus
WITH GLYCOGEN MASS Thick membrane
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: CYST OR TROPHOZOITES ON OVA AND PARASITE EXAM
]
PARASITE
Necator americanus
MORPHOLOGY: LARVADIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS IN FECES RHABDITIFORM
- Feeding Larva (L1)
- Molting 2x (L2) FILARIFORM
Infective stage (L3)
Adult form of Larva Requires the pulmonary circulation to survive
Stays in the alveolar capillaries
SMALL INTESTINE
o maturation, differentiation and reproduction PATHOLOGY:
Skin penetration
Vascular/lymphatic penetration
Pulmonary circulation (alveolar capillaries and rupture)
GIT then eggs in stoolDIAGNOSTIC TEST: SUCKING BLOOD:
Necator (0.15 to 0.25 ml/day/parasite)
Duodenale (0.30 - 0.50 ml/day/parasite) TREATMENT: Mebendazole and Pyrantel Palmoate]
PARASITE
Ancylostoma braziliense
o
CAT HOOKWORMo
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)o
”Creeping eruption”o
Never leave the skinBUCCAL CAVITY – 2 UNEVEN PAIRS of teeth DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: FILARIFORM
INFECTIVE STAGE: FILARIFORM (L3) DISEASE : Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Erythematous and Itchy Pinpoint lesion
Map-like lesion
LIFE CYCLE: Filariform Larva Only DEFINITIVE HOST: CAT
DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Skin Biopsy TREATMENT:
]
PARASITE
Ancylostoma caninum
o
DOG HOOKWORMo
Creeping eruptiono
Never leave the skin
BUCCAL CAVITY – 3 PAIRS of teeth DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: FILARIFORM INFECTIVE STAGE: FILARIFORM (L3)
DEFINITIVE HOST: DOG
PATHOLOGY: Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) Erythematous and Itchy
Pinpoint lesion Map-like lesion
INFECTIVE STAGE: Filariform Larva (L3) LIFE CYCLE: Filariform Larva Only DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Skin biopsy TREATMENT: Thiabendazole
]
PARASITE
Trichuris trichiura (Egg)
Whipwhorm
Barrel/Lemon/Football-shape
With bacillary band
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FULLY EMBRYONATED EGG
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
FERTILIZED EGG
DISEASE:
Intestinal obstruction / Allergy
DIAGNOSTIC TEST:
Direct fecal smear
]
PARASITE
Trichinella spiralis(Encysted larva)
o
Hook worm
o
In the muscle
o
Encyst or developed only in Striated muscle
o
No egg stage
o
Trichina worm - Dead end alley infection
(Cannot be transmitted from human to human) –
ACCIDENTAL HOST:
HUMAN
HABITAT:
Striated muscles (Skeletal muscles)
ENCYSTATION:
Upper Small Intestine
REPRODUCTION:
after mating, males die afterwards and
females dies after passing the larva
INFECTIVE STAGE:
ENCYSTED LARVA
DIAGNOSTIC:
Muscle biopsy
MOT:
Ingestion of infected muscle with encysted larva
TREATMENT:
Mebendazole:
Kills the larva
]
PARASITE
Trichinella spiralis(Adult female)
Trichina worm
No egg
“dead-end alley” infection
Male (mates once, dies); female(pass larva, dies)
PERMANENT HABITAT:
Skeletal muscle (Striated muscle)
DISEASE:
Trichiniasis
INFECTIVE STAGE:
ENCYSTED LARVA
DIAGNOSTIC TEST:
Muscle biopsy
MOT:
Ingestion of infected muscle with encysted larva
DEFINITIVE HOSTS:
Carnivorous or Omnivorous animals
(Cats, Dogs, Hogs, Rats, etc.)
ACCIDENTAL HOST:
Humans (cannot be transmitted from
human to human)
PATHOGNOMONIC:
With
STICHOSOME
(Stichocytes – nerve
cells)
]
PARASITE
Capillaria philippinensis (Pudoc worm)
EGGS:
- Typical - yellow, moderately thick shell with
striations, with flattened bipolar plug, peanut shaped -
Atypical – thin shelled, without bipolar plugs, with
segmentation, embryonated
INTERMEDIATE HOST
: Freshwater fish
INFECTIVE STAGE:
Larva
MOT:
eating of infected fish with larva stage
HABITAT:
Jejunum
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
typical and atypical eggs in the feces
DIAGNOSTIC TEST:
DIRECT FECAL SMEAR
SYMPTOMS:
•
Intestinal malabsorption (outstanding sign), worst
symptom among aphasmids
•
Fat malabsorption
•
Fluid and electrolyte losses
•
Free passage of plasma protein
•
Abdominal pain and distention
•
Cachexia and emancipation
]
PARASITE
Strongyloides stercoralis(Filariform larva) o THREADWORMo POINTED
o BUCCAL CAVITY: No teeth nor plates o DOESN’T REQUIRED HUMID SOIL INFECTIVE STAGE: FILARIFORM (L3) – Molts 4 times DISEASE: Conchin china diarrhea
LIFE CYCLE: 4x molting
Pulmonary circulation Auto reinfection
Manifest HYPERINFECTION MOT: Skin Penetration
HABITAT: Small intestine, invade the mucosa up to muscularis layer but not the serosal layer
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS + RHABDITIFORM
LABORATORY: Stool exam, Duodenal & Sputum examination POPULATION AFFECTED: Adults Institutionalized people TREATMENT: Thiabendazole
]
PARASITE
Strongyloides stercoralis (Rhabditiform larva) o THREADWORMo STOUTER
o BUCCAL CAVITY: No teeth nor plates o DOESN’T REQUIRED HUMID SOIL INFECTIVE STAGE: FILARIFORM LARVA (L3) DISEASE: Conchin china diarrhea
LIFE CYCLE: 4x molting
Pulmonary circulation Auto reinfection
Manifest HYPERINFECTION MOT: Skin Penetration
HABITAT: Small intestine, invade the mucosa up to muscularis layer but not the serosal layer
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS + RHABDITIFORM
LABORATORY: Stool exam, Duodenal & Sputum examination POPULATION: Adult, institutionalized patient
]
PARASITE
Enterobius vermicularis (Adult female) PINWORM & SEAT WORM
Presence of with CEPHALIC ALAE & ESOPHAGEAL BULB Gravid female worms migrate down the intestinal tract and exist
through the anus to deposit eggs on the perianal skin After deposition, FEMALE DIES
DISEASE: Oxyuriasis/Enterobiasis COMPLICATION: Appendicitis Vaginitis Endometritis Salpingitis Peritonitis
INFECTIVE STAGE: EMBRYONATED EGGS DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: ADULT WORM OR EGG PATHOLOGIC STAGE: ADULT
PATHOLOGY: Bleeding diarrhea and prolapsed rectum
DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Scotch adhesive tape swab – demonstrate embyonated ova
MOT: Self-infection, Person to person, Airborne
]
PARASITE
Enterobius vermicularis (Eggs) Most common helminthic infection One side flattened, other is convex Oxyuris Vermiculris, Pinworm, Seatworm INFECTIVE STAGE: EMBRYONATED EGGS
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: ADULT WORM OR EGG
One side flattened and the other side convex (D-shaped) Shell has 2 layers
Shape is planoconvex Contains embryo
RHABDITIFORM LARVA : 140-150 µm by 10 µm
Esophageal bulb but has no cuticular expansion on the anterior end.
MOT: Self infection, Person to person, Airborne
DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Scotch adhesive tape swab – demonstrate embyonated ova
]
PARASITE
Toxocara canis
Toxocara canis cervical alae is longer than broader compared to Toxocara cati
Subglobose, moderately thick, coarsely pitted eggshell DEFINITIVE HOST: DOG
INFECTIVE STAGE: EGG PATHOLOGIC STAGE: LARVA ACCIDENTAL HOST: HUMANS
TWO MAIN CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS:
Visceral larva migrans – common in Preschool children Ocular larva migrans
DIAGNOSIS: TISSUE BIOPSY /ELISA MOT:
By ingesting infective stage eggs from soil
By ingesting larvae in tissues of paratenic hosts that were infected from soil or by cannibalism or predation
]
PARASITE
Ascaris lumbricoides (Fertilized egg)
Giant Intestinal Roundworm parasitizing human
Golden brown in color
Brodly ovoid with thick and transparent shell
WITH VITELLINE LAYER
(Innermost layer)
AND
MAMMILATIONS
DISEASE:
ASCARIASIS, LOEFFLER SYNDROME
DEFINITIVE HOST:
HUMAN
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FULLY EMBRYONATED EGG
PATHOGENIC STAGE:
Adult, Larva
ADULTS:
3 prominent lips , Each with dentigenous ridge and no
interlabia or alae
DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS:
Direct fecal smear
Demonstration of eggs in feces
]
PARASITE
Ascaris lumbricoides (UNFertilized egg)
Most common human helminthic infection
MORPHOLOGY:
Egg-thick shelled
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:
ADULT WORMS usually causes NO SYMPTOMS
Loeffler’s syndrome (Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis and
eosinophilic pneumonitis)
DEFINITIVE HOST:
HUMAN
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FULLY EMBRYONATED EGG
DIAGNOSIS:
Direct Fecal Smear
Demonstration of eggs in feces
]
PARASITE:
Brugia malayi
NOTE: two terminal nuclei (posterior end diagnostic)
PERIODICITY:
Nocturnal (10pm-2am)
DISEASE:
Lymphatic filariasis
INTERMEDIATE HOST:
Mansonia
DIAGNOSIS:
Giemsa stained thick blood film (must be drawn at Night,
10 pm – 2am)
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
Microfilaria
INFECTIVE STAGE:
FILARIFORM LARVA (L3)
LIFE CYCLE:
Circulate from 10pm - 2am (nocturnal), mosquito ingest
the microfilaria (3rd stage juvenile larva), larva then matures to adult
in the lymphatics
TREATMENT:
Diethylcarbamazine, Albendazole and Ivermectin
(alternative)
]
PARASITE:
Wuchercheria bancrofti
DISEASE:
Lymphatic filariasis
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE:
MICROFILARIA
INFECTIVE STAGE:
L3 LARVA
VECTOR:
Anopheles, Culex, Aedes
DIAGNOSIS:
Giemsa stained thick blood film (must be drawn at Night,
10 pm – 2am)
]
DISEASE
Lymphatic Filariasis
Lymphatic Filariasis
INTERMEDIATE HOST
Anopheles, Culex, Aedes
Mansonia
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE
Microfilariae
Microfilariae
INFECTIVE STAGE
L3
L3
PERIODICITY
Nocturnal
Nocturnal
BODY CURVES
Graceful curves, bluntly rounded
anterior and pointed posterior
Stiff, kinky body
PRESENCE/ABSENCE OF
TRANSPARENT SHEATH
(+)
(+)
ARRANGEMENT OF BODY
NUCLEI
Central column are more or less
equidistant with each other
Devoid terminal nuclei
Large with irregular distribution
appear clumped
Long cephalic space
Devoid of nuclei
DIAGNOSTIC EXAM
Giemsa stained thick blood smear
Giemsa stained thick blood smear
]
PARASITE: Echinococcus granulosus
SMALLEST TAPEWORM of medical importance SCOLEX with prominent rostellum
DOUBLE CROWN of hooks NO adult form in humans Short with 3 proglottids with
o 1 IMMATURE o 1 MATURE o 1 GRAVID INFECTIVE STAGE: HYDATID CYST
HABITAT: Small intestine of dogs and wolves DEFINITIVE HOST: Dogs and Wolves
INTERMEDIATE HOST: Sheep and Cattle DISEASE: HYDATID DISEASE
MOT: INGESTION
MOST COMMON ORGAN AFFECTED: LIVER TREATMENT: Surgery
Epinephrine and Anti histamine LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
Finding proctoscolices, brood capsules or daughter cyst ELISA
]
PARASITE: Hymenolepsis nana DWARF TAPEWORM
SCOLEX: SHORT retractile rostellum with SINGLE ring of small hook
MATURE PROGLOTTID: Single genital pore on LEFT SIDE EGG: Oval encloses HEXACANTH embryo, inner
membrane has 2 POLAR THICKENINGS
NO INTERMEDIATE HOST!!
INFECTIVE STAGE: CERCOCYTIS
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS WITH 6 HOOKLETS IN THE FECES HABITAT: ILEUM
DEFINITIVE HOST: HUMAN, MICE AND RATS MOT: INGESTION
]
PARASITE: Hymenolepsis diminuta
SCOLEX: UNARMED ROSTELLUM
GRAVID PROGLOTTID: Contains SACCULAR UTERUS with EGG MASSES
EGG: NO POLAR FILAMENTS OR THICKENINGS
INFECTIVE STAGE: CERCOCYSTIS
DIGNOSTIC STAGE: UNEMBRYONATED EGG DISEASE:
HABITAT: ILEUM
DEFINITIVE HOST: RATS AND MICE
INTERMEDIATE HOST: Larval Fleas and Adult beetles ACCIDENTAL HOST: Human
MOT: Ingestion
]
PARASITE: Diphyllobothrium caninum DOG TAPEWORM
AKA DOUBLE-PORED TAPEWORM
GRAVID PROGLOTTID: Packed with
MEMBRANOUS EGG CAPSULES containing 15-25 eggs
EGGS: Oncosphere with 6 hooklets GENITAL PORE located BILATERALLY Proglottid is watermelon shape
DISEASE: DIPYLIDIASIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYSTICERCOID LARVA DIGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS IN MOTHER POCKETS HABITAT: SMALL INTESTINE
DEFINITIVE HOST: DOGS
INTERMEDIATE HOST: LARVAL FLEAS of dogs ands cats MOT: Ingestion
]
PARASITE: Diphyllobothrium latum FISH TAPEWORM
JEWISH HOUSEWIVES DISEASE
SCOLEX: 2 BOTHRIUM OR SUCKING ORGAN MALE ORGAN: DORSAL PART OF PROGLOTTID FEMALE ORGAN: VENTRAL PART
ASSOCIATED WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA DISEASE: DIPHYLLOBOTRIASIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: PLEROCERCOID LARVAE (SPARGANUM) DIGNOSTIC STAGE: UNEMBRYONATED EGG
NOURISHMENT:DIFFUSION from undigested food of the host HABITAT: ILEUM
DEFINITIVE HOST: INTERMEDIATE HOST:
1ST: COPEPODS 2ND: FISH
ACCIDENTAL HOST: HUMAN MOT: INGESTION
]
PARASITE: Taenia solium
PORK TAPEWORM
DISEASE: CYSTERCOSIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: ADULT WORM
DIGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS OR PROGLOTTIDS IN FECES HABITAT: UPPER PART OF JEJUNUM
DEFINITIVE HOST: MAN LIFE SPAN: 25 YEARS
INTERMEDIATE HOST: HOGS AND WILD BOARS 1ST: COPEPODS
2ND: FISH
MOT: INGESTION OF RAW PORK DIAGNOSTIC TEST:
Stool examination (Identification of ovum ang segments in feces
]
PARASITE: Fasciola hepatica
SHEEP LIVER FLUKE LARGE LEAF SHAPE Live as long as 11 years DISEASE: FASCIOLIASIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: METACERCARIA SEX: MONOECIOUS
DIGNOSTIC STAGE: EGG HABITAT: LIVER
DEFINITIVE HOST: SHEEP ACCIDENTAL HOST: Human INTERMEDIATE HOST:
1ST – SNAIL
2ND – WATER CHESTNUTS & KANGKONG MOT: INGESTION
]
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYSTICERCUS (CELLULOSAE/BOVIS) DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS AND GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS
]
PARASITE: Clonorchis sinensis
CHINESE LIVER FLUKE / ORIENTAL LIVER FLUKE LANCET SHAPE
Excyst in the LIVER
Adult worms can LIVE UP TO 25 YEARS
With TWO LARGE AND DEEPLY LOBED TESTES situated one behind the other.
DISEASE: CHLONORCHIASIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: METACERCARIA DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: Unembryonated egg SEX: MONOECIOUS
HABITAT: LIVER
DEFINITIVE HOST: MAN INTERMEDIATE HOST:
1ST: OPERCULATED SNAIL 2ND: FRESHWATER FISH
]
PARASITE: Paragonimus westermani ORIENTAL LUNG FLUKE
EGG: Flat operculum, thickening at base – chocolate or color brown in color
TESTES – DEEPLY LOBED SIDE BY SIDE DISEASE: PARAGONIMIASIS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION: PLEURITIC PAIN
INFECTIVE STAGE: METACERCARIA
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: UNEMBRYONATED EGG SEX: MONOECIOUS
HABITAT: LUNG
DEFINITIVE HOST: MAN INTERMEDIATE HOST:
1ST: SNAIL
2ND: CRAB/CRAYFISH DIAGNOSTIC EXAM:
Chest xray
Identification of egg: STOOL AND SPUTUM EXAM TREATMENT: PRAZIQUANTEL
]
PARASITE: Echinostoma ilocanum GARRISON’S FLUKE
TESTES: Deeply lobed, in tandem “GERM YOLK” big mass of yolk
Small and slightly triangular operculum One end is ovoid, attenuated and the other is more rounded and straw-colored
DISEASE: ECHINOSTOMIASIS
INFECTIVE STAGE: METACERCARIA
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: LARGE OPERCULATED EGG HABITAT: INTESTINE
INTERMEDIATE HOST: 1ST: SNAIL
]
PARASITE: FORK TAILED CERCARIA DIOCEIOUS NO REDIA STAGE
EGGS: MATURE, NON OPERCULATED Final free-swimming larval stage of a
TREMATODE/FLUKE
Consisting of a body and tail
]
PARASITE: Schistosoma mansoni -EGG DISEASE: SCHISTOSOMIASIS
DEFINITIVE HOST: MAN
INFECTIVE STAGE: CERCARIA DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGG SEX: DIOECIOUS
1ST INTERMEDIATE HOST: SNAIL 2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST: NONE
]
PARASITE: Schistosoma japonicum in copula DISEASE: SCHISTOSOMIASIS
DEFINITIVE HOST: MAN
INFECTIVE STAGE: CERCARIA DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGG SEX: DIOECIOUS
1ST INTERMEDIATE HOST: SNAIL 2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST: NONE
]
PARASITE: Ctenocephalides canis – DOG FLEA DISEASE:
IH of MINOR CESTODES:
]
PARASITE: Taenia solium STAGE: Cysticercus cellulosae
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE
]
INFECTIVE STAGE: METACERCARIAE
DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: UNEMBRYONATED EGG Moderately fleshy
Relatively flat, leaf-like
Highly dendritic intestinal ceca, vitellaria and testis ANT. PART: CEPHALIC CONE
]
INFECTIVE STAGE: CYSTICERCUS (CELLULOSAE/BOVIS) DIAGNOSTIC STAGE: EGGS AND GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS
